Ετικέτες

Τετάρτη 18 Νοεμβρίου 2020

Topical Application with Conjugated Linoleic Acid Ameliorates 2, 4‐dinitrofluorobenzene‐Induced Atopic Dermatitis‐like Lesions in BALB/c Mice

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader

Abstract

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by skin barrier dysfunction, eczematous lesions, pruritus, and abnormal immune responses. In this study, we assessed the therapeutic effect of topical applied conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on a murine AD model that was developed by repetitive applications of 2, 4‐dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). 2% or 5% CLA could markedly ameliorate AD‐like skin lesions, scratching behavior and skin inflammation as evidenced by the reduced inflammatory blood cells, IgE and Th2‐related cytokine levels, and the infiltration of mast cells and inflammatory cells to the dermal tissues. Moreover, topical application with CLA modulated skin barrier repair including maintaining a balanced skin pH and increasing skin hydration, partially mediated by upregulating skin barrier‐related protein, filaggrin (FLG). In addition, topical CLA significantly dose‐dependently inhibited pro‐inflammatory cytokin es including interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, and pro‐inflammatory enzyme expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) in inflamed mice skin. Its anti‐inflammatory effect was associated with the inhibition of DNFB stimulated IκBα and NF‐κB p65 phosphorylation in mouse skin. Taken together, our results suggest that locally applied CLA exerts potentially protective effects against AD lesional skin at least in part, due to regulation of skin barrier function and inflammatory response.

View on the web

Laminins and interaction partners in the architecture of the basement membrane at the dermal‐epidermal junction

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader

Abstract

The basement membrane at the dermal‐epidermal junction keeps the epidermis attached to the dermis. This anatomical barrier is made up of four categories of extracellular matrix proteins: collagen IV, laminin, nidogen and perlecan. These proteins are precisely arranged in a well‐defined architecture through specific interactions between the structural domains of the individual components. Some of the molecular constituents are provided by both fibroblasts and keratinocytes, while others are synthesized exclusively by fibroblasts or keratinocytes. It remains to be determined how the components from the fibroblasts are targeted to the dermo‐epidermal junction and correctly organized and integrated with the proteins from the adjacent keratinocytes to form the basement membrane.

View on the web

The Therapeutic Potential of Cannabinoids for Integumentary Wound Management

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader

Abstract

The increasing legalization of Cannabis for recreational and medicinal purposes in the United States has spurred renewed interest in the therapeutic potential of cannabinoids (CBs) for human disease. The skin has its own endocannabinoid system (eCS) which is a key regulator of various homeostatic processes, including those necessary for normal physiologic wound healing. Data on the use of CBs for wound healing is scarce. Compelling pre‐clinical evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of CBs to improve wound healing by modulating key molecular pathways is herein reviewed. These findings merit further exploration in basic science, translational and clinical studies.

View on the web

Superior mediastinal paraganglioma initially suspected of being a mediastinal thyroid goiter

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader

1-s2.0-S0385814620X0006X-cov150h.gif

Publication date: Available online 17 November 2020

Source: Auris Nasus Larynx

Author(s): Ryosuke Takahashi, Hiroaki Kawabe, Nobuaki Koide, Akihisa Tasaki, Kazuchika Ohno, Yosuke Ariizumi, Daisuke Kobayashi, Takahiro Asakage

View on the web

Τρίτη 17 Νοεμβρίου 2020

Management of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader

Objective

To investigate worldwide practices of otolaryngologists in the management of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR).

Methods

An online survey was sent on the management of LPR to members of many otolaryngological societies. The following aspects were evaluated: LPR definition, prevalence, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment.

Results

A total of 824 otolaryngologists participated, spread over 65 countries. The symptoms most usually attributed to LPR are cough after lying down/meal, throat clearing and globus sensation while LPR‐related findings are arytenoid erythema and posterior commissure hypertrophy. Irrespective to geography, otolaryngologists indicate lack of familiarity with impedance pH monitoring, which they attribute to lack of knowledge in result interpretation. The most common therapeutic regimens significantly vary between world regions, with a higher use of H2 blocker in North America and a lower use of alginate in South America. The duration of treatment also significantly varies between different regions, with West Asia/Africa and East Asia/Oceania otolaryngologists prescribing medication for a shorter period than the others. Only 21.1% of respondents are aware about the existence of nonacid LPR. Overall, only 43.2% of otolaryngologists believe themselves sufficiently knowledgeable about LPR.< /p>

Conclusions

LPR knowledge and management significantly vary across the world. International guidelines on LPR definition, diagnosis, and treatment are needed to improve knowledge and management around the world.

Level of Evidence

N.A. Laryngoscope, 2020

View on the web

Internal Auditory Canal Diverticula in Children: A Congenital Variant

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader

Objectives/Hypothesis

Internal auditory diverticula in adults have been found to exist independent of otosclerosis, and in the presence of otosclerosis. We sought to determine the prevalence of internal auditory canal (IAC) diverticula in a pediatric cohort, to assess whether IAC diverticula are a risk factor for hearing loss, and the co‐occurrence of otic capsule hypoattenuation.

Study Design

Retrospective review.

Methods

A single‐site retrospective review of high‐resolution temporal bones computed tomography (CT) scans including the presence and size of diverticula and hypoattenuation of the otic capsule. Demographic, imaging, and audiometric data were collected and descriptively analyzed. Bivariate analysis of collected variables was conducted. Comparisons between sides in unilateral cases were also performed.

Results

16/600 (2.7%; 95% CI [2.0%, 3.4%]) were found to have IAC diverticula. Six were bilateral. Thirty‐one patients (5.2%) were found to have hypoattenuation of the otic capsule. There were no coincident cases of IAC diverticulum and hypoattenuation of the otic capsule. There was no association between the presence of IAC diverticula and age (P = .13). In six patients with unilateral diverticula, pure tone average (P = .42), and word recognition (P = .27) scores were not significantly different when compared to the normal, contralateral side.

Conclusions

The prevalence of IAC diverticula in children is lower than the prevalence in adults. IAC diverticula in children likely represent congenital variants of temporal bone anatomy. Similar to adult populations, there is evidence that IAC diverticula in children are likely not an independent risk factor for hearing loss.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 2020

View on the web

Sialographic Analysis of Radioiodine‐Associated Chronic Sialadenitis

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader

Objectives/Hypothesis

To apply a novel sialography classification system to identify parotid and submandibular ductal findings following I‐131 therapy and to assess correlates to dose and duration of symptoms.

Study Design

Retrospective single‐center case series.

Methods

Patients who underwent sialography between February 2008 and February 2019 after previously receiving I‐131 treatment were identified via a retrospective chart review. Their sialograms were systematically evaluated and scored by applying the Iowa parotid sialogram scale to also include submandibular gland analysis.

Results

From 337 sialograms, 30 (five submandibular, 25 parotid) underwent analysis. Ductal stenosis was identified in all sialograms and was graded as moderate (>50%–75%) in 7/30 cases and severe (>75%) in 15/30 cases. The distal (main) duct was narrowed in 23/30 cases. No association was identified between degree of ductal stenosis and I‐131 dose (P = .39), age (P = .81), or time from I‐131 therapy to sialogram (P = .97).

Conclusions

The Iowa parotid sialogram scale was successfully applied to report abnormalities of the parotid and submandibular ductal system. The most common manifestation of I‐131‐associated sialadenitis was a severe stenosis within the distal salivary duct. No statistically significant association was found between degree of ductal stenosis and dose of I‐131, age, or duration of symptoms.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 2020

View on the web

Development and Application of the Average Pelvic Shape in Virtual Pelvic Fracture Reconstruction

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader

Abstract

Background

With unilateral pelvic fractures, the contralateral hemipelvis can be used as a template in virtual reconstruction, however, this cannot be applied for bilateral fractures. Therefore, statistical shape modelling was used to build average pelvic shapes that can serve as templates when reconstructing bilaterally fractured pelvises.

Methods

Four average shape models were created for male and female, left and right hemipelves from 20 male and 20 female subjects. They were used as templates to reconstruct 8 unilaterally fractured pelvises.

Results

The average root‐mean‐square of deviations between the reconstructed and intact hemipelves was 1.46 ± 0.32 mm, which is less than the 2 mm threshold for causing hip joint complications.

Conclusion

This indicates that the reconstructions are reliable and the average shape models can be used to reconstruct bilaterally fractured pelvises. The proposed technique can potentially pro vide quick and accurate treatment plans for pelvic fracture patients, which is necessary for recovery.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

View on the web

A novel aerosolisation mitigation device for endoscopic sinus and skull base surgery

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader
Icon for Springer Icon for PubMed Central Related Articles

A novel aerosolisation mitigation device for endoscopic sinus and skull base surgery in the COVID-19 era.

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2020 Nov 16;:

Authors: Viera-Artiles J, Mato D, Valdiande JJ, Lobo D, Pedraja J, López-Higuera JM, Ospina J

Abstract
PURPOSE: To provide a novel solution to reduce aerosol exposure in the operating room during endoscopic sinus and skull base procedures in the COVID-19 era.
METHODS: We have designed a 3D printable midfacial mask that partially seals the nose, while allowing instrumentation during endoscopic transnasal surgery. The mask when connected to a vacuum system creates a constant negative pressure inside it, sucking out aerosols and gases generated during surgical procedures. Its effectiveness was tested using vapour exhalations by a human volunteer and drilling bone in a head model. The physical barrier effect was measured using fluorescein atomization in a head model.
RESULTS: The pressure and airflow measured remained negative inside it in all the different situations tested. The mask was capable of completely evacuating human adult exhalation, and was more effective than the hand suction instrument. However, it was as effective as hand suction instrument at preventing aerosol spread from bone drilling. The physical barrier effect achieved a 72% reduction in the splatter created from the fluorescein atomization.
CONCLUSIONS: The mask effectively prevented the spread of aerosols and reduced droplet spread during simulated transnasal endoscopic skull base surgery in laboratory conditions. This device has potential benefits in protecting surgical personnel against airborne transmission of COVID-19 and could be useful in reducing chronic exposure to the hazard of surgical smoke.

PMID: 33191442 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

View on the web

Far Lateral Approach for Malignant, Severely Calcified Cerebellopontine Angle Tumor

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader

J Neurol Surg B Skull Base
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1705164

Background The far-lateral approach is an effective skull base technique that provides access to the lower clivus and premedullary area. This approach is also useful for maximal visualization and resection of large posterior fossa tumors with extensive medial extension, especially when aggressive resection is ideal for a malignant tumor in a young patient, or it is technically challenging because of tumor calcification. We demonstrate a microsurgical operative video to describe technical pearls in this difficult situation. Case Presentation A 45-year-old man with history of "hoarseness" for up to two decades was presented with imbalance and mild dysphagia over 3 years. Imaging demonstrated a 55-mm left cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumor extending medially across the midline with severe calcification (Figs. 1 and 2). His neurological examination revealed left facial numbness, complete left facial weakness, left deafness, complete left vocal paralysis, as well as severe left hemibody ataxia. The tumor was resected via a left suboccipital craniotomy with far lateral approach including drilling to the occipital condyle and C1 laminectomy. Initial manipulation of the inferior pole of the tumor resulted in asystole which was managed successfully with glycol pyrolate. Pathology demonstrated IDH-1 wild type, MGMT-methylated glioblastoma. The patient subsequently underwent adjuvant chemoradiation. Conclusion The far-lateral approach is an effective approach for maximal safe resection of a malignant brainstem, cerebellar, and CPA tumor.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/AIGebJPJEnw.
[...]

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  open access Full text

View on the web

Clival Meningioma Removal through a Suboccipital Retrosigmoid Approach: Operative Video and Technical Nuances

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader

J Neurol Surg B Skull Base
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1705163

Background Clival meningiomas are challenging lesions that need to be managed according to the displacement of the adjacent structures. Lateral skull base approaches are needed to achieve their radical removal; however, they are associated with significant morbidity, especially when the tumor involves the basilar artery, its perforators, brainstem, and lower cranial nerves. Design This is a case of a 79-year-old female patient, diagnosed with a large lower clival meningioma after suffering from headaches. It was offered a conservative treatment but on serial MRI, an increase in the meningioma's size was observed, so it was decided to remove the meningioma using a left suboccipital retrosigmoid approach. Settings On a left three-quarter prone position, with facial nerve, auditory brainstem response, lower cranial nerves, and motor-evoked potentials and somatosensory-evoked potentials neurophysiologic monitoring, a right suboccipital retrosigmoid craniotomy with opening of the foramen magnum was performed, giving enough lateral visualization of the tumor. Broad base tumor pushing backward and aside the vertebral and basilar arteries, cranial nerves (7th–12th), and the brainstem was exposed and removed. Results Near total resection of the meningioma was achieved, leaving a microscopic residual in the entry points of the low cranial nerves without complications. There was no neurological deficit after the surgery. Postoperative MRI revealed no signs of residual tumor. Conclusion: In this case, the regular retrosigmoid approach, extended into the foramen magnum was enough for the removal of this pure clival meningioma.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/3d6Uj4gjmDU.
[...]

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents  |  Abstract  |  open access Full text

View on the web

IBCC chapter & cast – Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP)

xloma.fota.13 shared this article with you from Inoreader

vaptop-scaled.jpg?fit=2560%2C661&ssl=1

VAP is a perennial riddle in the intensive care unit.  There are numerous murky diagnostic tests, but no single gold-standard diagnostic test.  Consequently, we are usually left wondering whether or not the patient truly has a VAP.  This makes VAP an unsatisfying diagnosis, as we are continually walking a blurred line between undertreatment and overtreatment. […]

EMCrit Project by Josh Farkas.

View on the web

Αναζήτηση αυτού του ιστολογίου