Thyroid Cancer Risk in Relation to Thyroid Nodule Location

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Thyroid Cancer Risk in Relation to Thyroid Nodule Location Via Clinical Thyroidology Clinical Thyroidology, Volume 33, Issue 9, Page 394-396, September 2021. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Hypothyroidism May Increase the Risk of Developing Dementia, at Least in Younger People

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Hypothyroidism May Increase the Risk of Developing Dementia, at Least in Younger People Via Clinical Thyroidology Clinical Thyroidology, Volume 33, Issue 9, Page 383-387, September 2021. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

A Multiplex Thyroid-Specific Assay for Quantification of Circulating Thyroid Cell-Free RNA in Plasma of Thyroid Cancer Patients

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader A Multiplex Thyroid-Specific Assay for Quantification of Circulating Thyroid Cell-Free RNA in Plasma of Thyroid Cancer Patients Via radioactive iodine Front Genet. 2021 Aug 25;12:721832. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2021.721832. eCollection 2021. ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The standard of care for thyroid cancer management is thyroidectomy and adjuvant radioactive iodine (RAI). There is a paucity of clinical tool that quantifies residual thyroid volume reliably for precise adjuvant RAI dosing. Serum thyroglobulin (TG), tumour marker for thyroid cancer, takes 4 weeks for complete clearance due to its long half-life, and might be undetectable in 1 2% of structural disease patients. It detects recurrence with a sensitivity of 19-40%, mainly attributed to issue of TG antibody interference with TG immunometric assay. We hypothesise that the quantity of thyroid-specific cell-free RNA (cfRNA) is indicative of amount of thyroid tissues, and that during thyroid surgery, cfRNA levels decrease accordingly. METHODS: We identified 11 biologically significant and highly expressed thyroid-specific targets from Human Protein Atlas and literature. To assess for a fall in thyroid-specific cfRNA level, we recruited 16 patients undergoing thyroid surgery or RAI for malignant or benign thyroid disease, and tracked longitudinal trend of cfRNA. To assess the utility of cfRNA in detecting metastatic thyroid cancer, cfRNA of 11 patients at intermediate to high risk of recurrence was measured during surveillance and at time of clinical recurrence. RESULTS: The multiplex assay was capable of amplifying and quantifying multiple thyroid-spe cific genes in a single reaction. The selected targets were amplified successfully from RNA extracted directly from the thyroid (positive control), indicating that they were highly expressed within thyroid tissue. These cfRNAs were present in plasma, in amounts quantifiable using qRT-PCR. Four cfRNA transcripts (TPO, GFRA2, IVD, TG) fell post-treatment in more than 50% of cohort. The thyroid peroxidase (TPO) cfRNA fell post-therapy in 63% of cohort by 80%, as early as 1 day post-treatment, supporting the potential role as early indicator of remnant thyroid tissue volume. We demonstrated the clinical relevance of circulating TPO cfRNA by tracking temporal changes in setting of peri-treatment, recurrence, and TG Ab positive state. CONCLUSION: Using a multiplex pre-amplification approach, the TPO cfRNA was a potential biomarker that can track residual thyroid mass. It can be further optimised for quantification of thyroid volume to guide RAI doses and for detection of thyroid can cer recurrence. PMID:34512731 | PMC:PMC8425593 | DOI:10.3389/fgene.2021.721832 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

COVID-19 vaccination mimicking lymph-node progression in a patient with melanoma: a case report

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader COVID-19 vaccination mimicking lymph-node progression in a patient with melanoma: a case report Via Melanoma Research - Current Issue COVID-19 vaccination has been rapidly implemented among patients with cancer. We present the case of a patient with high-risk resected cutaneous melanoma, who was a candidate for adjuvant treatment, with postsurgery 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/computed tomography (CT) scan showing positive axillary lymph nodes after COVID-19 vaccination. This report presents a 50-year-old man with a history of stage IIA cutaneous melanoma. During follow-up, the patient experienced subcutaneous and lymph-node disease progression, documented with 18FDG PET/CT scan. The patient underwent laparoscopic left para-aortic lymphadenectomy and ex cision of subcutaneous lesion. Histologic examination showed presence of melanoma metastases in 2 lymph nodes out of total 17 excised and neoplastic emboli to the subcutaneous tissue. In view of starting adjuvant nivolumab, the patient underwent CT scan restaging, with evidence of suspect centimetric periaortic and paracaval lymph nodes, which were deemed worthy of 18FDG PET investigation. The 18FDG PET/CT was negative for abdominal hypercaptation, but showed left axillary pathologic lymph nodes. The medical history of the patient revealed that he had received intramuscular Moderna COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in the left deltoid, one week before 18FDG PET examination. Since the patient's clinical examination was negative and suspecting postvaccination false-positive adenopathy, bilateral axillary ultrasound was performed, excluding the presence of pathologic lymph nodes. The patient has started adjuvant treatment with nivolumab, which is currently ongoing. This case demonstrates unexpec ted findings in response to COVID-19 vaccination in a patient with melanoma. In this specific case, the detection of 18FDG PET hypercaptation could significantly change the patient's management. With growing evidence about the pattern and occurrence of adenopathies after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination, recommendations for scheduling and interpretation of 18FDG PET/CT scans among cancer patients will be implemented, in order to reduce equivocal findings and improve outcomes. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Expression of the cancer stem cell marker OCT4 is associated with worse prognosis and survival in cutaneous melanoma

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Expression of the cancer stem cell marker OCT4 is associated with worse prognosis and survival in cutaneous melanoma Via Melanoma Research - Current Issue Cutaneous melanoma has an aggressive clinical presentation, showing rapid rate of growth and metastatic dissemination due to the permanence of cancer stem cells. The present study was to evaluate the expression of the self-renewal regulatory factor and the clinical significance of the transcription factor OCT4 in melanoma. Melanoma tissues were stained by immunohistochemistry and the correlation between the expression of this marker was determined through clinical–pathological variables and survival outcomes. Positive expression of nuclear and cytoplasmic OCT4 was observed in 49% and 41.2% of cases, respectively. T he positive expression of nuclear OCT4 in melanoma was significantly associated with prognostic factors, such as Breslow depth, Clark's level, ulceration and metastasis. Survival of patients was 56% compared to positive nuclear OCT4 expression and 94.2% when compared to the low expression of the gene. Nuclear OCT4 positive genotype indicated aggressive tumor behavior with a worse clinical outcome, which indicates OCT4 as a useful biomarker in the prognosis of melanoma. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Expression of cathepsins B and D by cancer stem cells in head and neck metastatic malignant melanoma

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Expression of cathepsins B and D by cancer stem cells in head and neck metastatic malignant melanoma Via Melanoma Research - Current Issue We have previously demonstrated cancer stem cell (CSC) subpopulations in head and neck metastatic malignant melanoma (HNmMM), and the expression of components of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) by these CSCs. Cathepsins B, D and G are involved in carcinogenesis and constitute bypass loops of the RAS. This study investigated the expression and localization of cathepsins B, D and G, in relation to these CSCs. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated expression of cathepsins B, D and G in HNmMM sections from all 20 patients. Western blotting confirmed the presence of cathepsins B and D proteins in all six HNmMM tiss ue samples and four HNmMM-derived primary cell lines. RT-qPCR showed transcript expression of cathepsins B, D and G in all six HNmMM tissue samples, and cathepsins B and D but not cathepsin G in all four HNmMM-derived primary cell lines. Enzymatic activity assays demonstrated cathepsins B and D were active in all six HNmMM tissue samples. Immunofluorescence staining performed on two of the HNmMM tissue samples demonstrated expression of cathepsins B and D by the CSCs, and cathepsin G by cells within the peritumoral stroma. Our novel findings suggest the possibility of targeting these CSCs by modulation of paracrine RAS signaling. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Low-dose ipilimumab combined with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in patients with metastatic melanoma following anti-PD-1 treatment failure

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Low-dose ipilimumab combined with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in patients with metastatic melanoma following anti-PD-1 treatment failure Via Melanoma Research - Current Issue Combined immunotherapy is associated with a significant risk of severe and potentially fatal immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Therefore, we retrospectively analyzed the side profile and efficacy of low-dose ipilimumab (1 mg/kg, IPI1) combined with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in patients who progressed after anti-PD-1 monotherapy. Nine patients with unresectable stage III or IV melanoma treated with combined low-dose ipilimumab (1 mg/kg, IPI1) and anti-PD-1 immunotherapy, following progression after anti-PD-1 treatment, were identified. Treatment response and irAEs were recorded. Grade 3 irAEs occurred in one-third of pat ients. Interestingly, there were no grade 4 or 5 irAEs. In fact, four out of the nine patients experienced no irAEs at all. One patient discontinued combined immunotherapy due to immune-related colitis. The mean time to the onset of grade 3 irAEs was 14.3 weeks. The objective response rate was 33.3% and a disease control rate of 66.7% was achieved. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.7 months and median overall survival (OS) was 21.6 months. The median PFS when IPI1 and anti-PD-1 treatment was administered in the second-line setting was not reached, but only 2.8 months when used in subsequent treatment settings. Combined IPI1 and anti-PD-1 immunotherapy was well tolerated. Its use in the third-line or above setting was associated with a significantly poorer prognosis than in the second-line setting. Larger, prospective studies are required to evaluate the safety and efficacy of this dosing regimen following anti-PD-1 treatment failure. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Association of Quality of Life Measures and Otolaryngologic Care in Cystic Fibrosis Patients

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Association of Quality of Life Measures and Otolaryngologic Care in Cystic Fibrosis Patients Via otol rhinol Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2021 Sep 11:34894211045636. doi: 10.1177/00034894211045636. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES: Appropriate management of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) among patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is important in improving quality of life. Otolaryngologists play a critical role in reducing CRS symptom burden. This study seeks to evaluate the role of patient-reported quality-of-life measures in guiding interventions for CF-related sinus disease. METHODS: We performed a prospective, cross-sectional study of 105 patients presenting to a CF-accredited clinic between July and September 2018. Demographic data and sinus surgery history were collected, in addition to Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) and Questionnaire of Olfactory Disorders (QOD-NS) scores. Statistical analysis was conducted using correlation and non-parametric Mann-Whitney U tests. RESULTS: Baseline well-care visits accounted for 71.4% of all clinical evaluations. Prior otolaryngology intervention was noted in 69 (66%) patients, where the majority of these patients (63/69; 91%) underwent endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Patients with a history of otolaryngology intervention had an average SNOT-22 score of 33.2 (SD = 20.6) compared to 24.9 (SD = 18.5) for patients without prior intervention (P = .048). The average QOD-NS score was 5.5 (SD = 6.4) among patients referred to otolaryngologists and 3.1 (SD = 5.7) for non-referred patients (P< /i> = .012). SNOT-22 and QOD-NS scores were modestly correlated (R of .43). CONCLUSION: CF patients with symptoms resulting in worse quality-of-life assessments were more likely to have established coordinated care with an otolaryngologist. Further validation of the utility of SNOT-22 and QOD-NS questionnaires as care coordination metrics is necessary in the CF population. PMID:34514873 | DOI:10.1177/00034894211045636 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Objective Analysis Of Voice Quality In Patients With Thyroid Pathology

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Objective Analysis Of Voice Quality In Patients With Thyroid Pathology Via Clinical Otolaryngology Abstract Background One of the symptoms reported by patients with thyroid pathology are the changes in voice. The percentages of vocal alterations found in the literature vary between 16.7% and 68%. Such variability can be explained by different assessment methods used and their reliability. Objective The goal of this study is to analyze the voice in patients with thyroid pathology through two objective indexes with great diagnostic accuracy. Overall vocal quality was evaluated with the Acoustic Voice Quality Index (AVQI v.03.01) and the breathy voice with the Acoustic Breathiness Index (ABI). Method Observational case-control study of fifty-eight subjects, 29 controls and 29 thyroidectomy candidates. All participants with thyroid pathology completed the Spanish version of Voice Handicap Index-10. Also, patient complaints relating to possible laryngeal dysfunction were assessed through closed questions. A sustained vowel and three phonetically balanced sentences were recorded for each subject (118 samples). AVQI v.03.01 and ABI were assessed using the Praat program. Two raters perceptually evaluated each voice sample by using the Grade parameter of GRABS scale. Results Acoustic analysis shows that 55.17% of subjects present values above the pathological threshold of the AVQI, and 58.62% above that of the ABI. Results of the Student's test comparisons of the AVQI and ABI values between the control group and the thyroid group show significantly higher values of AVQI (t[56]=-3.85, p<0.001) and ABI (t[54.39]=-4.82, p<0.001) in thyroidectomy candidates. Conclusion A mild decrease in vocal quality is part of the symptomatology presented by thyroidectomy candidates. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Bone Cement Cranioplasty Reduces Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Rate after Microvascular Decompression: A Single-Institutional Experience

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Bone Cement Cranioplasty Reduces Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Rate after Microvascular Decompression: A Single-Institutional Experience Via leak of cerebrospinal fluid J Neurol Surg B Skull Base. 2021 Oct;82(5):556-561. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1715607. Epub 2020 Aug 20. ABSTRACT Background Microvascular decompression (MVD) is a common surgical treatment for cranial nerve compression, though cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak is a known complication of this procedure. Bone cement cranioplasty may reduce rates of CSF leak. Objective To compare rates of CSF leak before and after implementation of bone cement cranioplasty for the reconstruction of cranial defects after MVD. Methods Retrospective chart review was performed of patients who underwent MVD through retrosigmoid craniectomy for cranial nerve compression at a single institution from 1998 to 2017. Study variables included patient demographics, medical history, type of closure, and postoperative complications such as CSF leak, meningitis, lumbar drain placement, and ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion. Cement and noncement closure groups we re compared, and predictors of CSF leak were assessed using a multivariate logistic regression model. Results A total of 547 patients treated by 10 neurosurgeons were followed up for more than 20 years, of whom 288 (52.7%) received cement cranioplasty and 259 (47.3%) did not. Baseline comorbidities were not significantly different between groups. CSF leak rate was significantly lower in the cement group than in the noncement group (4.5 vs. 14.3%; p < 0.001). This was associated with significantly fewer patients developing postoperative meningitis (0.7 vs. 5.2%; p = 0.003). Multiple logistic regression model demonstrated noncement closure as the only independent predictor of CSF leak (odds ratio: 3.55; 95% CI: 1.78-7.06; p < 0.001). Conclusion CSF leak is a well-known complication after MVD. Bone cement cranioplasty significantly reduces the incidence of postoperative CSF leak and other complications. Modifiable risk factors such as body mass index were not associated with the development of CSF leak. PMID:34513562 | PMC:PMC8421130 | DOI:10.1055/s-0040-1715607 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Heterogeneity in Outcome Reporting in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Reconstruction: A Systematic Review

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Heterogeneity in Outcome Reporting in Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Reconstruction: A Systematic Review Via leak of cerebrospinal fluid J Neurol Surg B Skull Base. 2021 Oct;82(5):506-521. doi: 10.1055/s-0040-1714108. Epub 2020 Aug 7. ABSTRACT Objective Presently, there are no standards for reporting outcomes of endoscopic endonasal skull base reconstruction (ESBR). This is problematic as a lack of consistent reporting makes synthesizing findings in systematic reviews and meta-analysis challenging. Thus, the aim of this study was to systematically review and describe the patterns of reporting outcomes in ESBR as a foundation for developing reporting guidelines. Study Design Present study is a systematic review. Methods Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched for all publications with ≥25 patients and a focus on ESBR. The reporting patterns of each study's variables and outcomes were assessed. Results A total of 112 studies were included in the review. The most commonly reported demographic variables were the numb er of included patients ( n = 112, 100%) and types of pathologies treated ( n = 104, 92.9%). Meanwhile, the most routinely described preoperative variable was history of prior treatment ( n = 48, 42.9%). Type of reconstruction was a commonly reported intraoperative variable ( n = 110, 98.2%), though the rate of intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak was noted in only 76 studies (67.9%). With regard to postoperative outcomes, postoperative CSF leak rate was routinely provided ( n = 101, 90.2%), but reporting of other surgical complications was more inconsistent. Ultimately, of the 43 variables and outcomes reviewed, a median of 12 (range: 4-22) was reported in each study. Conclusion There is significant heterogeneity in the outcomes reported in studies relating to ESBR. This highlights the need for the development of standard reporting guidelines to minimize bias and improve interstudy comparability. PMID:34513556 | PMC:PMC8421125 | DOI:10.1055/s-0040-1714108 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.