High-Resolution CT Imaging of the Temporal Bone: A Cadaveric Specimen Study

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader High-Resolution CT Imaging of the Temporal Bone: A Cadaveric Specimen Study Via Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base J Neurol Surg B Skull Base DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1741006 Objective Super-high and ultra-high spatial resolution computed tomography (CT) imaging can be advantageous for detecting temporal bone pathology and guiding treatment strategies. Methods Six temporal bone cadaveric specimens were used to evaluate the temporal bone microanatomic structures utilizing the following CT reconstruction modes: normal resolution (NR, 0.5-mm slice thickness, 5122 matrix), high resolution (HR, 0.5-mm slice thickness, 1,0242 matrix), super-high resolution (SHR, 0.25-mm slice thickness, 1,0242 matrix), and ultra-high resolution (UHR, 0.25-mm slice thickness, 2,0482 matrix). Noise and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for bone and air were measured at each reconstruction mode. Two observers assessed visualization of seven small anatomic structures using a 4-point scale at each reconstruction mode. Results Noise was significantly higher and SNR significantly lower with increases in spatial resolution (NR, HR, and SHR). There was no statistical difference between SHR and UHR imaging with regard to noise and SNR. There was significantly improved visibility of all temporal bone osseous structures of interest with SHR and UHR imaging relative to NR imaging (p < 0.001) and most of the temporal bone osseous structures relative to HR imaging. There was no statistical difference in the subjective image quality between SHR and UHR imaging of the temporal bone (p ≥ 0.085). Conclusion Super-high-resolution and ultra-high-resolution CT imaging results in significant improvement in image quality compared with normal-resolution and high-resolution CT imaging of the temporal bone. This preliminary study also demonstrates equivalency between super-high and ultra-high spatial resolution temporal bone CT imaging protocols for clinical use. [...] Georg Thieme Verlag KG Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany Article in Thieme eJournals: Table of contents  |  Abstract   |  Full text View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Thyroid Disease in Pregnancy: A Touch of Clarity

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Thyroid Disease in Pregnancy: A Touch of Clarity Via liebertpub1 Thyroid, Ahead of Print. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Virtual reality-assisted management of communicated solitary fibrous tumor in skull base: a case report

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Virtual reality-assisted management of communicated solitary fibrous tumor in skull base: a case report Via Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2022 Jan 7;57(1):65-68. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20210630-00405. NO ABSTRACT PMID:35090215 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20210630-00405 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Place of Linacs in extracranial stereotactic radiotherapy: Are they now equivalent to Cyberknife®?

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Place of Linacs in extracranial stereotactic radiotherapy: Are they now equivalent to Cyberknife®? Via Association française pour l'étude du cancer Bull Cancer. 2022 Jan 25:S0007-4551(22)00003-0. doi: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2021.10.008. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Extracranial stereotactic radiotherapy has developed recently, since the years 1990-2000. Devices specifically dedicated to this type of treatment were then developed and shared the favors of radiation oncologists: Tomotherapy® and especially Cyberknife®, which offered the advantage of "tracking" with the possibility of real time motion correction, allowing an increase in the precision of targeting volumes. Recently, the latest generations of linear accelerators (Linac) have been developed, integrating much higher dose rates, an improved ballistic precision with a very short treatment duration time and the possibility of real time motion management (with notably the possibility of adaptive radiotherapy in real time with the development of "MLC tracking"). So are Linacs able to perform equivalent (not inferior) extracrani al stereotactic radiotherapy treatments to those with Cyberknife®, the historical gold standard in this field? This article presents a comparison of these two treatment devices, by successively considering dose distributions in the irradiated volume, distant received doses from this volume (including the "integral dose"), problems linked to the duration of the sessions and those linked to motion management. PMID:35090720 | DOI:10.1016/j.bulcan.2021.10.008 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Bereavement Practices Among Head and Neck Cancer Surgeons

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Bereavement Practices Among Head and Neck Cancer Surgeons Via The Laryngoscope Objectives Head and neck cancer surgeons frequently interact with dying patients with advanced disease and their families, but little is known about their bereavement practices after a patient's death. The aim of this study is to elucidate the frequency of common bereavement practices, cited barriers to bereavement, and predictive physician factors that lead to an increase in bereavement practices among head and neck cancer surgeons. Methods A 20-item survey was sent to 827 active surgeons of the American Head and Neck Society. Approval was obtained and the survey was distributed through the American Head and Neck Society. Demographics, frequency of common bereavement practices, empathy, and barriers were assessed. Multiple linear regression was performed to determine physician factors associated with more frequent bereavement follow-up. Results There were 156 respondents (18.9% response rate). Overall, surgeons were more likely to usually/always call (48.5%) or send a letter (42.4%) compared with other practices such as attending funerals (0%), offering family meetings (18.6%), or referring family members to counseling (7.7%). Many barriers were cited as being at least somewhat important: being unaware about a patient's death (67.3%) was the most cited, whereas 51.3% cited a lack of mentorship/training in this area. Scoring higher on empathy questions (P ≤ .001) was associated with more frequent surgeon bereavement follow-up with the family of deceased patients. Conclusion There is substantial practice variation among surgeons suggesting a lack of consensus on their roles in bereavement follow-up. Having higher empathy was predictive of higher engagement. Level of Evidence NA Laryngoscope, 2022 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Diagnostic accuracy of conventional oral examination for detecting oral cavity cancer and potentially malignant disorders in patients with clinically evident oral lesions: Systematic review and meta‐analysis

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Diagnostic accuracy of conventional oral examination for detecting oral cavity cancer and potentially malignant disorders in patients with clinically evident oral lesions: Systematic review and meta‐analysis Via Head & Neck Abstract This systematic review evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of conventional oral examination (COE) versus incisional or excisional biopsy for the diagnosis of malignant and/or dysplastic lesions in patients with clinically evident lesions. Searches were conducted across five electronic databases from inception to January 2020. Meta-analyses were undertaken, where appropriate. Among 18 included studies, 14 studies were included in the meta-analysis, giving summary estimates for COE of 71% sensitivity and 85% specificity for the diagnosis of dysplastic and/or malignant lesions. The pooled diagnostic accuracy of identifying malignant-only lesions was reported in seven studies, giving a pooled estimate of 88% sensitivity and 81% specificity. Diagnostic accuracy of different types of dental/medical professionals in identifying dysplastic or malignant lesions gave varying estimates of sensitivity and specificity across three studies. Further research is needed to improve the diagnostic acc uracy of COE for early detection of dysplastic and malignant oral lesions. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

A structured ICA-based process for removing auditory evoked potentials

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader A structured ICA-based process for removing auditory evoked potentials Via cortical auditory Sci Rep. 2022 Jan 26;12(1):1391. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-05397-3. ABSTRACT Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-evoked potentials (TEPs), recorded using electroencephalography (EEG), reflect a combination of TMS-induced cortical activity and multi-sensory responses to TMS. The auditory evoked potential (AEP) is a high-amplitude sensory potential-evoked by the "click" sound produced by every TMS pulse-that can dominate the TEP and obscure observation of other neural components. The AEP is peripherally evoked and therefore should not be stimulation site specific. We address the problem of disentangling the peripherally evoked AEP of the TEP from components evoked by cortical stimulation and ask whether removal of AEP enables more accurate isolation of TEP. We hypothesized that isolation of the AEP using Independent Components Analysis (ICA) would reveal features that are stimulation site specific and unique individual features. In order to i mprove the effectiveness of ICA for removal of AEP from the TEP, and thus more clearly separate the transcranial-evoked and non-specific TMS-modulated potentials, we merged sham and active TMS datasets representing multiple stimulation conditions, removed the resulting AEP component, and evaluated performance across different sham protocols and clinical populations using reduction in Global and Local Mean Field Power (GMFP/LMFP) and cosine similarity analysis. We show that removing AEPs significantly reduced GMFP and LMFP in the post-stimulation TEP (14 to 400 ms), driven by time windows consistent with the N100 and P200 temporal characteristics of AEPs. Cosine similarity analysis supports that removing AEPs reduces TEP similarity between subjects and reduces TEP similarity between stimulation conditions. Similarity is reduced most in a mid-latency window consistent with the N100 time-course, but nevertheless remains high in this time window. Residual TEP in this window has a time-c ourse and topography unique from AEPs, which follow-up exploratory analyses suggest could be a modulation in the alpha band that is not stimulation site specific but is unique to individual subject. We show, using two datasets and two implementations of sham, evidence in cortical topography, TEP time-course, GMFP/LMFP and cosine similarity analyses that this procedure is effective and conservative in removing the AEP from TEP, and may thus better isolate TMS-evoked activity. We show TEP remaining in early, mid and late latencies. The early response is site and subject specific. Later response may be consistent with TMS-modulated alpha activity that is not site specific but is unique to the individual. TEP remaining after removal of AEP is unique and can provide insight into TMS-evoked potentials and other modulated oscillatory dynamics. PMID:35082350 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-022-05397-3 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

A dose-neutral image quality comparison of different CBCT and CT systems using paranasal sinus imaging protocols and phantoms

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader A dose-neutral image quality comparison of different CBCT and CT systems using paranasal sinus imaging protocols and phantoms Via http://link.springer.com/journal/405,European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology,The European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2022 Jan 27. doi: 10.1007/s00405-022-07271-4. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To compare the image quality produced by equivalent low-dose and default sinus imaging protocols of a conventional dental cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanner, an extremity CBCT scanner and a clinical multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scanner. METHODS: Three different phantoms were scanned using dose-neutral ultra-low-dose and low-dose sinus imaging protocols, as well as default sinus protocols of each device. Quantified parameters of image quality included modulation transfer function (MTF) to characterize the spatial response of the imaging system, contrast-to-noise ratio, low contrast visibility, image uniformity and Hounsfield unit accuracy. MTF was calculated using the line spread and edge spread functions (LSF and ESF). RESULTS: The dental CBCT had superior performance over the extremity CBC T in each studied parameter at similar dose levels. The MDCT had better contrast-to-noise ratio, low contrast visibility and image uniformity than the CBCT scanners. However, the CBCT scanners had better resolution compared to the MDCT. Accuracy of HU values for different materials was on the same level between the dental CBCT and MDCT, but substantially poorer performance was observed with the extremity CBCT. CONCLUSIONS: The studied dental CBCT scanner showed superior performance over the studied extremity CBCT scanner when using dose-neutral imaging protocols. In case a dental CBCT is not available, the given extremity CBCT is still a viable option as it provides the benefit of high resolution over a conventional MDCT. PMID:35084532 | DOI:10.1007/s00405-022-07271-4 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Sensitizing TRAIL response via differential modulation of anti- and pro-apoptotic factors by AZD5582 combined with ER nanosomal TRAIL in neuroblastoma

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Sensitizing TRAIL response via differential modulation of anti- and pro-apoptotic factors by AZD5582 combined with ER nanosomal TRAIL in neuroblastoma Via histochem Acta Histochem. 2022 Jan 22;124(2):151856. doi: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151856. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT Neuroblastoma is a metastatic brain tumor particularly common in children. The cure rate is below 50% for patients of high-risk condition. Novel therapeutic agents and approaches are needed to improve the cure rate. Tumor necrosis factor-related and apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising proapoptotic factor that rapidly induces apoptosis preferentially in t ransformed and cancerous cells. Unfortunately, the common TRAIL resistance in cancers has hampered the clinical application of the ligand. Previously we prepared a novel TRAIL-armed ER derived nanosomal agent (ERN-T) that overcomes TRAIL resistance in some cancer lines when combined with a synthetic antagonist of inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), AZD5582. However, how AZD5582 sensitizes cancer cells to ERN-T remains not well understood. In this study we continued to test the therapeutic efficacy of the combinatory therapy of ERN-T and AZD5582 on neuroblastoma, aiming to reveal the molecular mechanism underlying the synergism between AZD5582 and ERN-T. The obtained data revealed that ERN-Ts overcame TRAIL resistance and showed significant cytotoxicity on the resistant neuroblastoma line SH-SH5Y when combined with AZD5582 whilst sparing normal cells. The combination of low doses of ERN-Ts and AZD5582 induced intensive apoptosis in SH-SY5Y but not in normal skin fibroblasts (NSF s). Importantly we discovered that TRAIL sensitization in SH-SY5Y was associated with the concomitant downregulation of antiapoptotic factors cFLIP, MCL-1 and IAPs and upregulation of proapoptotic protein BAX and the death receptor 5 (DR5) by the cotreatment of ERN-T and AZD5582. In vivo study demonstrated that the combination of ERN-T and AZD5582 constituted a highly effective and safe therapy for subcutaneous SH-SY5Y xenograft neuroblastoma in nude mice. In conclusion, we identified that the concomitant regulation of both antiapoptotic and proapoptotic factors and DR5 is an essential molecular mechanism for overcoming TRAIL resistance in SH-SY5Y and the combination of ERN-T and AZD5582 potentially constitutes a novel therapeutic strategy, which is highly effective and safe for neuroblastoma. PMID:35077998 | DOI:10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151856 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Primary Intracranial Neuroendocrine Tumor of the Skull Base Complicated with Tension Pneumocephalus after Radiotherapy

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Primary Intracranial Neuroendocrine Tumor of the Skull Base Complicated with Tension Pneumocephalus after Radiotherapy Via leak of cerebrospinal fluid NMC Case Rep J. 2021 Sep 16;8(1):609-615. doi: 10.2176/nmccrj.cr.2020-0367. eCollection 2021. ABSTRACT Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are neoplasms that originate from cells of the endocrine and nervous systems, and are commonly found in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. Primary intracranial NETs are extremely rare and have been the focus of only a few studies thus far. Herein, we report the case of a primary intracranial NET of the skull base complicated with tension pneumocephalus after radiotherapy. An 84-year-old woman visited a local hospital for a head injury, and CT revealed a skull base tumor. MRI showed that the tumor was located mainly on the clivus and extended into the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. We biopsied the tumor via the nasal cavity, and the pathological diagnosis was NET, WHO grade 2. We subsequently administered focal intensity-modulated radiation therapy, but the patient developed tension pneumocephalus 1 year after radiotherapy. We therefore performed endoscopic transnasal cerebrospinal fluid leak closure with a nasoseptal flap. The postoperative course was successful, and the patient returned home but died of an unknown cause 2 years after discharge. The optimal postoperative management of primary intracranial NETs remains controversial. Tension pneumocephalus related to radiotherapy is a rare complication. Assessing skull bone erosion before radiotherapy and performing regular radiological follow-up examinations are essential to prevent this rare complication. PMID:35079524 | PMC:PMC8769468 | DOI:10.2176/nmccrj.cr.2020-0367 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Endoscopic Posterior Rotation Flap for Posterior Glottic Insufficiency

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Endoscopic Posterior Rotation Flap for Posterior Glottic Insufficiency Via The Laryngoscope View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.