New ORL Abstracts

The association between inflammatory biomarkers and statin use among patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
2d
by
Kayla R. Getz, Emily Bellile, Katie R. Zarins, Steven B. Chinn, Jeremy M. G. Taylor, Laura S. Rozek, Gregory T. Wolf, Alison M. Mondul
via
Head & Neck
Abstract
Background
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and cytokines are associated with prognosis among patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Statins (cholesterol-lowering drugs) may improve HNSCC prognosis, particularly in human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive cases, but the mechanism remains unclear.

Methods
Statin use was collected from medical records for HNSCC cases (2008–2014). TILs were counted in tumor tissue, and a total weighted score (TILws) was created. Cytokines were measured in blood. The associations between statins and biomarkers were estimated using logistic (biomarker categories: <median, ≥median) and linear regression models (log-transformed continuous biomarkers) adjusted for age, smoking, and comorbidities.

Results
We observed a positive association between statins and TILs among HPV-positive patients (TILws odds ratio [OR] = 2.80; 95% CI = 1.03–7.61), but no association among HPV-negative patients. We observed no association between statins and cytokines.

Conclusions
Statins may influence TILs in HPV-positive patients. This may be the mechanism through which they improve prognosis in HPV-positive HNSCC patients.

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Oral metastasis as the first indication of undiscovered malignancy at a distant site: A systematic review of 413 cases
2d
by
Talita Carvalho Kimura, Flávia Akemi Nakayama Henschel, Mailon Cury Carneiro, Gabriela Cristina Santin, Vanessa Cristina Veltrini
via
Head & Neck
Abstract
This systematic review is the first to provide evidence regarding demographic, clinical, and imaging characteristics, as well as information related to survival, of patients with oral and maxillofacial metastases of occult primary tumors. Case reports, case series, and cross-sectional studies were included. Ten databases were searched. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute appraisal tools. Overall, 353 articles (413 patients) were included. Statistically significant associations between survival and multiplicity of metastatic foci, and between each of the main primary sites and some features of the oral lesions were observed. Some clinical and imaging characteristics can help dentists in raising diagnostic suspicions and also in relating to plausible primary sites. Early diagnosis of oral and maxillofacial metastases can positively affect the survival rate when they are the only focus of dissemination, conferring an important role on the dentist.

Glial Choristoma of Epitympanum and Mastoid Cavity
2d
by
Konstantinos Garefis
via
ear nose throat
pubmed-meta-image.png

Ear Nose Throat J. 2022 Mar 25:1455613221087944. doi: 10.1177/01455613221087944. Online ahead of print.

NO ABSTRACT

PMID:35337189 | DOI:10.1177/01455613221087944

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Cholecalciferol pretreatment ameliorates ischemia/reperfusion-induced acute kidney injury through inhibiting ROS production, NF-κB pathway and pyroptosis
2d
by
Wangyu Wu
via
histochem
pubmed-meta-image.png

Acta Histochem. 2022 Mar 22;124(4):151875. doi: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151875. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in patients with potentially life-threatening diseases, and it is also usually associated with unacceptable morbidity and mortality rates. Therefore, new and efficient therapies are urgently required to relieve AKI. It is well known that, reactive oxygen species (ROS), the NF-κB signaling pathways and pyroptosis are involved in AKI induced by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). The present study seeks to further confirm the internal relationship between vitamin D deficiency and I/R-induced AKI in patients, and to explore the underlying mechanisms of ROS, NF-κB signaling pathways and pyroptosis in the renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, as well as investigating the protective role of cholecalciferol. Patients with vitamin D deficiency show worse renal function reflected by postoperative glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and more release of proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β and IL-18. Renal cell injury and renal dysfunction induced by I/R surgery were attenuated in the ICR mice administered with cholecalciferol. Cholecalciferol reduced ROS production, suppressed activated NF-κB signaling, and inhibited gasdermin D (GSDMD, a pyroptosis execution protein)-mediated pyroptosis. Cholecalciferol therefore has potential, as a clinical drug, to protect renal function in I/R-induced AKI through reducing ROS production, NF-κB activation and GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis.

PMID:35334282 | DOI:10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151875

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Measurements of The Pediatric Cartilaginous Eustachian Tube: Implications for Balloon Dilation
2d
by
Yuan Yu, Brent Geffen, Hilary McCrary, Gabriel Dunya, John Rampton, Chong Zhang, Angela P. Presson, Dennis Poe, Albert H. Park
via
The Laryngoscope
Objectives
(1) Measure the cartilaginous Eustachian tube (ET) length using a computed tomography (CT) scan and (2) develop a prediction model to measure this length without the need of a CT scan.

Study Design
CT measurements in children.

Setting
Children's Hospital.

Methods
CT scans were reformatted to project the cranial and caudal limits of the cartilaginous ET. The length was measured in 193 children who underwent a neck CT scan for nonotologic indications. Five physicians independently reviewed all or some of these measures. Four different models based on age, age ranges, weight, and height were created and compared to predict ET length.

Results
The cartilaginous ET length was 25.3 ± 3.1 mm for the right and for the left ear. The mean ET length for the females was statistically significantly less than the length in males. The lower ET lengths in children as old as 5 years of age were less than the 2 cm adult criteria used for catheter insertion. All 4 models performed equally well in predicting ET length. Model number 4, which is based on height, was the easiest to calculate ET length.

Conclusion
The cartilaginous portion of the pediatric ET can be measured with good precision using reformatted CT images. We caution against using the "adult" criteria of 2 cm for catheter insertion in children, especially those younger than 5 years of age. We recommend using a model utilizing height measures to estimate ET length or direct measurements from a reformatted CT scan.

Level of Evidence
NA Laryngoscope, 2022

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Treatment of sleep apnoea with tonsillectomy: a retrospective analysis using long-term follow-up data
2d
by
Henrik M Sjöblom
via
http://link.springer.com/journal/405,European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology,The European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2022 Mar 25. doi: 10.1007/s00405-022-07350-6. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This single-group, retrospective, pre-test-post-test study was performed to examine clinical outcomes in treating obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) with tonsillectomy alone and had the longest follow-up periods to date.

METHODS: We analysed 151 tonsillectomies in our district between the years 2004 and 2018 that had either sleep apnoea or snoring listed as a diagnosis. Twenty-one patients met our criteria and were included. Patient records were analysed for home sleep apnoea test and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) scores.

RESULTS: We defined success as a > 50% reduction of the Apnoea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) and a total AHI of < 20 post-surgery. The averages before surgery were an AHI of 22.3 and an ESS of 7.22. The success rate was 47.6% after tonsillectomy as the sole treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea in our adult population. Eleven patients were non-responders. The average ESS score reduction was 0.69 and did not reach statistical significance. With follow-up times ranging from 1.8 to 171 months, this study had the longest follow-up period compared to other existing studies. No patient with a follow-up longer than one year was a responder.

CONCLUSION: Our results support that tonsillectomy is an effective treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea in adults with tonsillar hypertrophy. With less severe OSA than those reported on previously, our patients also had less severe daytime sleepiness before surgery, and daytime sleepiness score reductions did not reach statistical significance. In the future, long-term results should be further analysed.

PMID:35338397 | DOI:10.1007/s00405-022-07350-6

Relative Value Units and Operative Time in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
21h
by
Joshua B Cadwell
via
Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS
J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2022 Mar 2:S1748-6815(22)00125-5. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2022.02.045. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Work relative value units (wRVUs) are linked to clinical reimbursements and physician compensation in the USA and thus should consider the time of the physician providing care. The primary goal of this study is to assess whether wRVUs appropriately consider operative time in plastic and reconstructive surgery.

METHODS: The 2015-2018 National Surgical Quality Improvement Program was queried for the 50 most performed plastic surgery cases with assigned wRVUs and a recorded operative time. Linear regressions were used to assess the relationships between operative time, assigned wRVUs, and wRVUs per hour. The procedures with the highest and lowest assigned wRVUs relative to their operative time were identified.

RESULTS: A total of 31,156 cases were included in this analysis. Among the 50 most performed procedures, the median (range) for assigned wRVUs was 10.0 (1.0-42.6), operative time was 61 min (21-441), and wRVUs per hour was 8.7 (2.2-16.2). There was a strong positive linear correlation between assigned wRVUs and median operative time (R2=0.78), with each additional operative hour being associated with an increase of 5.3 wRVUs (p<0.001). The procedures earning the most wRVUs relative to their operative times were breast reconstruction with other techniques and tissue expander placement in breast reconstruction. However, excisional debridements of the muscle/fascia and subcutaneous tissue had the lowest earned wRVUs relative to their operative times.

CONCLUSION: Although wRVUs and operative time are correlated in plastic surgery, numerous outliers from this trend exist. This suggests that wRVUs may not be optimally assigned across the range of plastic surgery procedures.

PMID:35339421 | DOI:10.1016/j.bjps.2022.02.045

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Masseteric-to-facial nerve transfer combined with static suspension: Evaluation and validation of facial symmetry in patients with different levels of asymmetry
21h
by
Hao Ma
via
Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS
J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2022 Feb 20:S1748-6815(22)00082-1. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2022.02.011. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

One-stage combined dynamic reanimation with static suspension has obvious advantages of improving facial symmetry. In clinical observation, patients with different levels of oral commissure drooping achieve different symmetry outcomes, despite undergoing the same surgical procedure. Patients with slight asymmetry obtain better outcomes than those with severe asymmetry. The mechanisms influencing postoperative outcomes have not been systematically explored. We retrospectively analyzed 44 patients performed with masseteric-to-facial nerve transfer combined with static suspension. Patients were divided into two groups according to the level of oral commissure drooping: slight-asymmetry group (n = 24) and severe-asymmetry group (n = 20). Static and dynamic symmetry were assessed with FACE-gram software pre and postoperatively. The symmetry of the oral commissures at rest and during smiling significantly improved postoperatively in all patients. The differences of the bilateral oral commissure positions were significantly smaller in slight-asymmetry group than that in severe-asymmetry group (p<0.001), indicating that slight-asymmetry group achieved better symmetry. Furthermore, these differences were caused by the oral commissures position on the unaffected side, both pre and postoperatively (p<0.001), but not the paralyzed side's (p>0.05). In conclusion, masseteric-to-facial nerve transfer combined with static suspension achieved dynamic and static symmetry in patients with different levels of asymmetry. Patients with slight asymmetry obtained better postoperative symmetry than those with severe asymmetry. Postoperative facial asymmetry might be influenced by the hypertonicity of facial muscles on the unaffected side.

PMID:35339422 | DOI:10.1016/j.bjps.2022.02.011

T2-weighted MRI defines critical compression in the distal carpal tunnel that is relieved after decompressive surgery
17h
by
S Tullie
via
Journal of plastic, reconstructive & aesthetic surgery : JPRAS
J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2022 Feb 26:S1748-6815(22)00113-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bjps.2022.02.039. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: Despite carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) being the most common entrapment neuropathy, its pathophysiology remains debated. Sub-synovial connective tissues (SSCT) within the carpal tunnel are thought to play a role but are poorly characterised. MRI analysis offers potentially novel insights into SSCT characteristics.

METHODS: A pilot study of T2-weighted MRI was performed in healthy controls (n = 7), and in CTS patients (n = 16) pre- and 6 months post-surgical decompression. Image analysis was performed to quantify SSCT cross-sectional area, SSCT signal intensity ratio, and wrist index (depth/width) at distal, middle, and proximal wrist landmarks.

RESULTS: Median SSCT signal intensity was lower in the distal carpal tunnel of CTS patients pre-operatively (0.96) compared to controls (1.13; P = 0.008) and normalised post-operatively (1.13, P = 0.001). Median wrist index was also lower in CTS patients pre-operatively (0.60) than in controls (0.67, P = 0.022), and again normalised post-operatively (0.74, P = 0.001). This was attributed to changes in carpal depth in the anteroposterior axis with decompression surgery.

CONCLUSION: This pilot study successfully demonstrated MRI assessment of SSCT in patients with CTS. The decreased SSCT signal intensities suggest predominant changes at the distal tunnel, potentially indicating reduced SSCT perfusion pre-surgery which normalised post-surgery. Our preliminary findings merit further investigation in a larger cohort.

PMID:35341704 | DOI:10.1016/j.bjps.2022.02.039

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Evaluation of the inflammatory process, collagen production, and MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions produced by Luffa aegyptiaca Mill using the subcutaneous rat implanted model
17h
by
Daniele Hneda
via
histochem
pubmed-meta-image.png

Acta Histochem. 2022 Mar 24;124(4):151882. doi: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151882. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

The subcutaneous rat implanted model is a preclinical approach used in studies to characterize the histocompatibility of materials that could be used as biomaterials. Biomaterials are obtained synthetically or from the environment, and they can be used to treat or replace any tissues or organs that the body has lost. To execute their roles, the biomaterials must present any level of histocompatibility and a lower level of inflammatory reaction. This work aimed to evaluate some aspects of histocompatibility, such as the inflammatory process, collagen production, and MMP-2 and 9 expression as responses to the Luffa aegyptiaca Mill using the subcutaneous rat implanted model. Luffa fragments were implanted into the dorsal subcutaneous region of twelve male Wistar rats, and the number of eosinophils, mast cells, the production of collagen to form the fibrous capsule, and the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were evaluated on the 15th, 45th, and 90th days. Results showed statistical differences (p < 0.05) in the number of eosinophils and mast cells present inside and outside the fibrous capsule among the days evaluated. The permanent presence of macrophages and giant foreign body cells circumjacent to all implants was also observed. A progressive increase in the production of collagen was also detected, along with a significant reduction on day 90 (p < 0.05). The expression of MMP-9 was detected as being specifically expressed in the giant foreign body cells on all days evaluated, while the expression of MMP-2 was detected in fat cells present around the implants, mainly on day 90. Taken together, these results indicate a general reduction level for the inflammatory process during the days evaluated, which allows us to conclude that Luffa, being a natural product that is simple to obtain, could be a potential candidate to become a biomaterial to be tested in further approaches.

PMID:35339777 | DOI:10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151882

Omentin inhibits the resistin-induced hypertrophy of H9c2 cardiomyoblasts by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway
16h
by
Xiaoliang Yan
via
Experimental and therapeutic medicine
Exp Ther Med. 2022 Apr;23(4):292. doi: 10.3892/etm.2022.11222. Epub 2022 Feb 17.

ABSTRACT

The recently identified adipocytokine omentin was previously found to be expressed mainly in human omental and visceral adipose tissues. As such, reduced plasma concentrations of omentin were revealed to be associated with increased risks of cardiovascular diseases. Omentin has also been previously demonstrated to exert anti-inflammatory effects. By contrast, resistin is a protein that has been associated with obesity and type-2 diabetes mellitus, and the serum concentration of resistin is increased significantly in these populations. Resistin is involved in mediating inflammation development, where they can promote cardiac hypertrophy in humans through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-related signaling. In the present study, the potential effects of omentin on resistin-induced hypertrophy in H9c2 cardiomyoblasts were investigated. In the absence/presence of omentin, H9c2 cardiomyoblasts were treated with resistin. Omentin was found to significantly inhibit resistin-induced increases in the surface area of H9c2 cardiomyoblasts as determined by immunofluorescence. In addition, omentin significantly inhibited resistin-induced increases in the mRNA expression of atrial natriuretic factor, brain natriuretic peptide, β-myosin heavy chain (which is a characteristic feature of cardiac hypertrophy) and TLR4, which was determined using reverse-transcription-quantitative PCR. According to western blotting results, omentin significantly inhibited resistin-induced ERK phosphorylation, which is an important mediator of cardiomyoblast hypertrophy. Furthermore, omentin significantly inhibited resistin-induced protein expression of TLR4, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) and NF-κB phosphorylation, both of which are important members of inflammatory signaling. To conclude, data from the present study suggest that omentin can inhibit resistin-induced H9c2 cardiomyoblast hypertrophy through inhibition of the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Therefore, omentin serve as an attractive therapeutic target against resistin-induced cardiac hypertrophy.

PMID:35340867 | PMC:PMC8931589 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2022.11222

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Assessing the anti-inflammatory effects of quercetin using network pharmacology and <em>in vitro</em> experiments
16h
by
Jingwen Zhang
via
Experimental and therapeutic medicine
Exp Ther Med. 2022 Apr;23(4):301. doi: 10.3892/etm.2022.11230. Epub 2022 Feb 22.

ABSTRACT

The present study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of quercetin and the associated mechanisms involved. ELISA, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blot analysis were performed to determine the anti-inflammatory effects of quercetin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The molecular mechanisms of quercetin were investigated using network pharmacology, molecular docking technology and in vitro experiments. The results revealed that quercetin reduced the LPS-induced production of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in RAW264.7 macrophages. Protein-protein interaction network topology analysis indicated that Akt was the target of quercetin. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis indicated that quercetin may regulate the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to exert its anti-inflammatory effects. Furthermore, the molecular docking results indicated that quercetin had a good affinity for the active sites of Akt. Western blot analysis confirmed that quercetin inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt, with an efficacy stronger than that of an Akt inhibitor. Taken together, Akt served as a target as part of the mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of quercetin. This result lays a foundation for the clinical application of quercetin in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.

PMID:35340883 | PMC:PMC8931623 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2022.11230

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Tilianin attenuates MPP⁺-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in a cellular model of Parkinson's disease
15h
by
Jie Li
via
Experimental and therapeutic medicine
Exp Ther Med. 2022 Apr;23(4):293. doi: 10.3892/etm.2022.11223. Epub 2022 Feb 17.

ABSTRACT

The flavonoid tilianin is derived from the leaves of Dracocephalum moldavica L. amiales and has been proven to serve a neuroprotective role in cerebral ischemia. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine whether tilianin could prevent oxidative stress and the apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). The dopaminergic neuron MES23.5 cell line was treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) to construct a PD cell model. Following pretreatment with tilianin, the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was used to assess cell viability. The protein and mRNA expression levels of tyrosine hydroxylase were determined using immunofluorescence, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blotting. mRNA and protein expression levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α and oxidative stress-related enzymes manganese superoxide dismutase and catalase were also quantified using RT-qPCR and western blotting, respectively. Cell apoptotic rate was analyzed using the TUNEL assay and the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, Bax and cleaved caspase-3 were detected by western blotting. MAPK signaling pathway-related protein expression levels were assessed via western blotting in MPP+-stimulated MES23.5 cells with or without tilianin pretreatment. Tilianin was demonstrated to exert no cytotoxic effects on MES23.5 cells and was able to prevent MPP+-induced reductions in cell viability. Pretreatment with tilianin also inhibited MPP+-induced inflammatory cytokine secretion, oxidative stress and apoptosis of MES23.5 cells. In addition, the protein expression levels of MAPK signaling pathway-related proteins were upregulated by MPP+, whereas pretreatment with tilianin downregulated these in a dose-dependent manner. The results of the present study indicated that tilianin may exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects and inhibit the MAPK signaling pathway, which may ameliorate injury to dopaminergic neurons induced by PD.

PMID:35340873 | PMC:PMC8931633 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2022.11223

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Sevoflurane preconditioning prevents acute renal injury caused by ischemia-reperfusion in mice via activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway
16h
by
Wen-Xi Wang
via
Experimental and therapeutic medicine
Exp Ther Med. 2022 Apr;23(4):303. doi: 10.3892/etm.2022.11232. Epub 2022 Feb 22.

ABSTRACT

Oxidative stress, caused by renal ischemia reperfusion (IR)/hypoperfusion, is one of the main causes of acute kidney injury (AKI). Previous studies have demonstrated that sevoflurane (SEV) protects organs from the damage caused by oxidative stress. In the present study, mice were randomly assigned to a sham operation group (Sham), IR-vehicle group (IR+ vehicle), IR + SEV low-dose preconditioning group and an IR + SEV high-dose preconditioning group. The effect of SEV on nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a key regulatory protein of the endogenous antioxidant defense system and, consequently oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis-related factors, were all quantified using commercial kits or by western blotting. SEV preconditioning was demonstrated to ameliorate kidney injury as a result of decreased blood urine nitrogen and serum creatinine levels, activated Nrf2 expression in the kidney and decreased oxidative stress and inflammatory index levels an AKI mouse model. SEV preconditioning also protected injured kidney via the downregulation of caspase-3 protein expression levels. In addition, using the Nrf2 inhibitor, Brusatol, significantly abolished the SEV preconditioning renal protective effect. Using an in vitro HK-2 cell model of hypoxia/reoxygenation, it was also demonstrated that Nrf2 pathway activation was necessary for SEV to exert its beneficial effect for tubular cell injury caused by hypoxia/reoxygenation. These results indicated that SEV may protect against renal injury caused by IR via Nrf2 upregulation.

PMID:35340877 | PMC:PMC8931593 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2022.11232

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Bone resorption improvement by conditioned medium of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth in ovariectomized mice
16h
by
Ayako Maeda
via
Experimental and therapeutic medicine
Exp Ther Med. 2022 Apr;23(4):299. doi: 10.3892/etm.2022.11228. Epub 2022 Feb 21.

ABSTRACT

Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are mesenchymal stem cells with multipotent differentiation potential present in the dental pulp tissue of the deciduous teeth. SHED produce secretions that have immunomodulatory and regenerative functions. In the present study, we investigated the effects of SHED-conditioned medium (SHED-CM) on osteopenia induced by the ovariectomy (OVX) phenotype and its corresponding immunological changes. Eleven-week-old female C3H/HeJ mice were subjected to OVX. SHED-CM was administered intraperitoneally in these mice for 4 weeks starting immediately after OVX. SHED-CM improved bone mass after OVX and elevated the polarization of M2 macrophages in the peritoneal cavity. SHED-CM also suppressed an OVX-induced increase in interferon-γ (INF-γ) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) concentrations in the peripheral blood. Inhibition of M2 macrophage polarization with neutralizing antibodies did not reduce the concentration of IFN-γ and IL-17 in peripheral blood, which were increased by OVX, and did not alleviate osteopenia induced by the OVX phenotype. Mechanistically, these findings suggest that SHED-CM alleviates bone resorption by suppressing the activation of IFN-γ and IL-17 cells by polarizing M2 macrophages. In conclusion, our data indicate that SHED-CM contains active secretions that may have promising efficacy to ameliorate OVX-induced osteopenia. We suggest that SHED-CM has the potential to be used as a novel therapeutic agent to inhibit osteoporosis.

PMID:35340871 | PMC:PMC8931624 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2022.11228

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Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100 Crete Greece,00302841026182,00306932607174,alsfakia@gmail.com,

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Ganoderic acid A ameliorates non-alcoholic streatohepatitis (NASH) induced by high-fat high-cholesterol diet in mice

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Ganoderic acid A ameliorates non-alcoholic streatohepatitis (NASH) induced by high-fat high-cholesterol diet in mice Via Experimental and therapeutic medicine Exp Ther Med. 2022 Apr;23(4):308. doi: 10.3892/etm.2022.11237. Epub 2022 Feb 24. ABSTRACT Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is becoming a huge global health problem. Previous studies have revealed that ganoderic acids have hepatoprotective and hypocholesterolemic effects. In the present study, to evaluate the anti-NASH activity of ganoderic acid A (GAA), male 6-week-old C57BL/6J mice were divided into the following four groups, which were administered different diets: Normal diet (ND group), high-fat high-cholesterol diet (HFHC group), HFHC diet supplemented with 25 mg/kg/day (GAAL group) or 50 mg/kg/day of GAA (GAAH group). After 12 weeks of GAA treatment, histopathological results revealed that compared with that of the HFHC group, GAA significantly inhibited fat accumulation, steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis in the liver. GAA effectively reduced serum aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase levels compared with the HF HC model. Furthermore, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-responsive proteins, including glucose-regulated protein 78, phosphorylated (p)-eukaryotic initiation factor-2α and p-JNK, were significantly suppressed by GAA, while ERp57, p-MAPK and p-AKT were significantly increased after GAA treatment. Taken together, it was concluded that GAA could resist HFHC diet-induced NASH. In terms of its underlying mechanism, GAA could improve liver inflammation and fibrosis by inhibiting hepatic oxidative stress and the ER stress response induced by HFHC. PMID:35340879 | PMC:PMC8931630 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2022.11237 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Shp2 suppresses fat accumulation in white adipose tissue by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling following vertical sleeve gastrectomy in obese rats with type-2 diabetes

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Shp2 suppresses fat accumulation in white adipose tissue by activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling following vertical sleeve gastrectomy in obese rats with type-2 diabetes Via Experimental and therapeutic medicine Exp Ther Med. 2022 Apr;23(4):302. doi: 10.3892/etm.2022.11231. Epub 2022 Feb 22. ABSTRACT Adipogenesis and fat accumulation are closely associated with the development of obesity. Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is an effective treatment for obesity and associated metabolic disorders. Leptin is downregulated after SG and Src homology phosphatase 2 (Shp2) has an important role in leptin signaling. The role of Shp2 in SG and the mechanisms of fat reduction following SG were further investigated in the current study. Sham and SG operations were performed on obese type-2 diabetes model Sprague-Dawley rats. Primary pre-adipocytes were isolated from the inguinal white adipose tissue (ingWAT) of the rats. Shp2 expression in ingWAT pre-adipocytes was silenced using small interfering RNA transfection. Shp2 function was inhibited using the specific inhibitor, SHP099. In addition, Shp2 was overexpressed using lentivirus. Gene and protein expression analy sis was performed after adipocyte differentiation. Furthermore, Shp2-overexpressing ingWAT pre-adipocytes treated with the β-catenin inhibitor, PNU-74654, were also used for gene and protein expression analysis. Adipogenic markers, including triglycerides, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (Cebpα), adiponectin, fatty acid-binding protein 4 and leptin, were examined. Compared with the sham, triglyceride, leptin, PPARγ and Cebpα levels were significantly reduced in the ingWAT from the SG group. Shp2 expression levels were reduced following leptin treatment. Moreover, genetic analysis demonstrated depot-specific adipogenesis following Shp2 silencing or inhibition in ingWAT pre-adipocytes. Conversely, Shp2 overexpression decreased the expression of adipogenic markers by enhancing β-catenin expression. PNU-74654 treatment abolished the downregulation of adipogenic markers caused by Shp2 overexpression. SG decreased leptin level s in ingWAT, which in turn upregulated Shp2, and Shp2 suppressed fat accumulation and adipogenic differentiation by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Overall, this may represent a potential mechanism of fat reduction in SG, and Shp2 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of obesity and type-2 diabetes. PMID:35340882 | PMC:PMC8931631 | DOI:10.3892/etm.2022.11231 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

The efficacy of Kinesio taping on lymphedema following head and neck cancer therapy: a randomized, double blind, sham-controlled trial

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader The efficacy of Kinesio taping on lymphedema following head and neck cancer therapy: a randomized, double blind, sham-controlled trial Via swallowing exercises Physiother Theory Pract. 2022 Mar 28:1-15. doi: 10.1080/09593985.2022.2056862. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: The aim was to investigate the effectiveness of Kinesio taping for lymphedema following head and neck cancer therapy and its effect on patient compliance and quality of life. METHODS: A total of 66 patients with lymphedema following head and neck cancer therapy were randomly allocated to the therapeutic Kinesio taping group (n = 33) and the sham Kinesio ta ping group (n = 33). All participants received manual lymphatic drainage, Kinesio taping, and home exercises for the first four weeks, and only home exercises for the second four weeks. The tape measurements, a scale of external lymphedema, a scale of the internal lymphedema, and quality of life were evaluated in both groups. The perceived discomfort consisting of limitation of daily living activities, pain, tightness, stiffness, and heaviness were also recorded. RESULTS: When the group x time effect was evaluated, it was observed that external lymphedema was significantly reduced in both groups according to neck and face composite measurements (p < .001). However, in these measurements, a significant difference was found between the groups in favor of the KT group (p = .001, p = .032, respectively). At the end of the study, there was no significant difference in terms of internal lymphedema in both groups (p = .860). The quality of life parameters such as global health sta tus and swallowing were significantly better in the Kinesio taping group (p < .001). There was no significant difference in the parameters of perceived discomfort between the two groups (p = .282, p = .225, p = .090, p = .155, p = .183, respectively). CONCLUSION: Kinesio taping is effective in tape measurements and positively affects the quality of life in lymphedema following head and neck cancer therapy. PMID:35343369 | DOI:10.1080/09593985.2022.2056862 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

New ENT Abstracts

Thyroid tumor ratio: Improving the assessment of the impact of size in pediatric thyroid cancer
3d
by
Connie Paik, Beth Osterbauer, Grace Sahyouni, Soyun Park, Gabriel Gomez, Daniel Kwon, Juliana Austin
via
Head & Neck
Abstract
Background
The impact of thyroid nodule size is less useful in children who have smaller thyroid volumes than in adults. We investigate using a novel thyroid tumor ratio measurement in children with thyroid cancer.

Methods
Patient and pathologic characteristics were investigated via Student's t-test in a univariate analysis for any correlation with the log-transformed tumor ratio, followed by a multivariate linear regression.

Results
Of 75 patients with malignancy and tumor ratio information, mean ratio decreased with increasing age (p = 0.04). Out of several clinical factors, patients with lymph node metastases and those treated with postoperative radioactive iodine had significantly higher mean tumor ratios on multivariate analysis (p = 0.04 for both factors).

Conclusions
Our study is the first to describe thyroid tumor volume in pediatric thyroid cancer and shows that increased tumor ratio was associated with indicators of more advanced disease such as lymph node metastases and use of radioactive iodine.

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Efficacy and safety of preoperative embolization in carotid body tumor treatment: A propensity score matching retrospective cohort study
3d
by
Zhaoyu Wu, Peng Qiu, Hongji Pu, Kaichuang Ye, Guang Liu, Weimin Li, Xiaobing Liu, Minyi Yin, Mier Jiang, Jinbao Qin, Xinwu Lu, Zhen Zhao
via
Head & Neck
Abstract
Background
To assess the efficacy and safety of preoperative embolization (PE) in patients with carotid body tumor (CBTs).

Methods
In a single-center retrospective cohort study, 127 patients underwent surgical resection of CBTs from January 2003 to December 2019. One-to-one propensity score matching was conducted between patients with or without PE.

Results
Thirty-two (25.2%) patients received PE. After propensity score matching, no statistically significant differences were found in the baseline characteristics of 28 patients in each group. Compared with NPE group, operative time and estimated blood loss (EBL) were significantly reduced in the PE group. The incidence of stroke, perioperative complications, intraoperative blood transfusion, vascular reconstruction, hospital stay, tumor recurrence, and all-cause mortality were not different between the PE and NPE group.

Conclusions
Preoperative embolization was efficient and safe with a reduction of intraoperative blood loss and operative time during CBT resection.

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Post‐acute health care needs of people with head and neck cancer: Mapping health care services, experiences, and the impact of rurality
3d
by
Jasmine Foley, Clare L. Burns, Elizabeth C. Ward, Rebecca L. Nund, Laurelie R. Wishart, Lizbeth M. Kenny, Maurice Stevens
via
Head & Neck
Abstract
Background
People with head and neck cancer (HNC) have complex health care needs; however, limited evidence exists regarding the nature or patterns of service access and use. This study explored the post-discharge health care needs and experiences of individuals with HNC from metropolitan and rural areas.

Methods
Health care appointments and services accessed by people with HNC were collated for 6-month post-treatment. Data analysis of the whole cohort examined patterns of access while journey mapping integrated participants' experiences of recovery.

Results
The 6-month service access journey was mapped for 11 people. Rural participants attended a significantly greater number of appointments (p = 0.012), higher canceled/missed appointments (p = 0.013), and saw more professionals (p = 0.007). Rural participants reported higher stress and burden due to service access barriers and unmet needs.

Conclusions
Multiple challenges and inequities exist for rural people with HNC. Findings inform opportunities to enhance the post-treatment recovery of people with HNC in rural areas.

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Medicine by Alexandros G. Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100 Crete Greece,00302841026182,00306932607174,alsfakia@gmail.com,

Telephone consultation 11855 int 1193,

Ultraviolet light induces HERV expression to activate RIG‐I signaling pathway in keratinocytes

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Ultraviolet light induces HERV expression to activate RIG‐I signaling pathway in keratinocytes Via Experimental Dermatology Abstract Skin inflammation and photosensitivity are common in lupus erythematosus (LE) patients, and Ultraviolet (UV) light is a known trigger of skin and possibly systemic inflammation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) patients. Type I interferons (IFN) are upregulated in LE skin after UV exposure, however, the mechanisms to explain UVB-induced inflammation remain unclear. Here we demonstrated that UVB-irradiation-induced activation of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) plays a major role in the immune response. UVB-induced HERV-associated dsRNA transcription and subsequent activation of the innate antiviral RIG-I/MDA5/IRF7 pathway led to downstream transcription of interferon-stimulated genes, which promotes UVB-induced apoptosis and proliferation inhibition in keratinocytes through RIG-I and MDA5 pathways. Our findings indicate that UVB-irradiation induces HERV-dsRNA overexpression, and the dsRNA-sensing innate immunity pathway promotes type I IFN production, which may be a potential mechanism of skin inflammatory response and skin lesion of SLE/DLE. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Dynamic changes of vestibular autorotation test in patients with unilateral vestibular dysfunction during rehabilitation

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Dynamic changes of vestibular autorotation test in patients with unilateral vestibular dysfunction during rehabilitation Via Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi. 2022 Mar 7;57(3):270-275. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20210531-00315. ABSTRACT Objective: To explore the dynamic changes of vestibular autorotation test (VAT) before and after vestibular rehabilitation treatment in patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction (UVH). Methods: A retrospective study was carried out,48 patients who were diagnosed with UVH and under vestibular rehabilitation in department of otorhinolaryngology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, from January 2019 to January 2021 were enrolled. Among them, there were 21 males and 27 females, with an average age of 46.9 years old, including 25 cases of Meniere's disease, 13 cases of sudden deafness with vertigo and 10 cases of vestibular neuritis. The course of disease ranged from 5 days to 10 years. Demographic characteristics, detailed case data and routine examination were collected for the patients. The horizontal gain/phase, vertical gain/phase, and asymmetry of VAT at different frequencies before and after vestibular rehabilitation were collected. The absolute value of the difference between the measured value of 2.0-5.9 Hz before and after rehabilitation and the standard value were statistically analyzed. Results: Before vestibular rehabilitation, the incidence of abnormal gain was 62.5% (30/48), the incidence of abnormal phase was 56.3% (27/48), and the incidence of asymmetry was 16.7% (8/48). After 4-6 weeks of vestibular rehabilitation, the incidence of gain abnormality was 22.9% (11/48), the incidence of phase abnormality was 31.3% (15/48), and the incidence of asymmetry was 12.5% (6/48).The horizontal gain at frequency of 2.0-3.9 Hz showed statistically significant difference compared with before vestibular rehabilitation (P<0.05), and the horizontal gain at frequency of 4.3-5.9 Hz showed that there was no si gnificant difference (P>0.05); the horizontal phase at 5.9 Hz showed that the difference was statistically significant (P=0.043), and there was no significant difference before and after rehabilitation treatment at 2.0-5.5 Hz (P>0.05); the vertical gain at 4.3 Hz showed the difference was statistically significant (P=0.020), and the remaining frequency showed no significant difference (P>0.05); No frequency of asymmetry and vertical phase showed the difference before and after rehabilitation was statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: VAT can be used to monitor the change trend of multiple frequency bands before and after vestibular rehabilitation in UVH, in order to provide reference for the formulation of personalized rehabilitation strategies. PMID:35325937 | DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20210531-00315 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Toward efficient electrocatalytic degradation of iohexol using active anodes: A laser-made versus commercial anodes

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Toward efficient electrocatalytic degradation of iohexol using active anodes: A laser-made versus commercial anodes Via radioactive iodine Chemosphere. 2022 Mar 21:134350. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134350. Online ahead of print. ABSTRACT The X-ray iodinated contrast medium iohexol is frequently detected in aquatic environments due to its high persistence and the inefficiency of its degradation by conventional wastewater treatments. Hence, the challenge faced in this study is the development of an alternative electrochemical treatment using active anodes. We investigate the oxidation of iohexol (16.42 mg L-1 ) using different operating conditions, focusing on the role of different mixed metal oxide anodes in the treatment efficiency. The electrocatalytic efficiency of the Ti/RuO2-TiO2 anode prepared using a CO2 laser heating and an ionic liquid is compared with Ti/RuO2-TiO2-IrO2 and Ti/IrO2-Ta2O5 commercial anodes. The hypochlorite ions generated by the anodes are also analyzed. The effect of the electrolyte composition (NaCl, Na2SO4, and NaClO4) and current density (15, 30, and 50 mA cm-2) on the iohexol degradation is also studied. The Ti/RuO2-TiO2 laser-made anode is more efficient than the commercial anodes. After optimizing experimental parameters, this anode removes 95.5% of iohexol in 60 min and displays the highest kinetic rate (0.059 min-1) with the lowest energy consumption per order (0.21 kWh m-3order-1), using NaCl solution as the electrolyte and applying 15 mA cm-2. Additionally, iohexol-intensified groundwater was used to compare the efficiency of anodes. The Ti/RuO2-TiO2 is also more efficient in removing the organic charge from the real water matrix (21.7% TOC) than the commercial anodes. Notably, the iohexol removal achieved is higher than all electrochemical treatments already reported using state-of-the-art non-active anodes in lower electrolysis time. Therefore, data from this study indicate that the electrochemical degradation of iohexol using the Ti/RuO2-TiO2 anode is efficient and has excellent cost-effectiveness; thus, it is a promising approach in the degradation of iohexol from wastewater. Furthermore, the Ti/RuO2-TiO2 active anode is competitive and can be an excellent option for treating effluents contaminated with recalcitrant organic compounds such as iohexol . PMID:35331750 | DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134350 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Giving Children with Deafness a Cape: Amplifying Diverse Portrayals of Hearing Loss in Media

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Giving Children with Deafness a Cape: Amplifying Diverse Portrayals of Hearing Loss in Media Via ear nose throat Ear Nose Throat J. 2022 Mar 24:1455613221087941. doi: 10.1177/01455613221087941. Online ahead of print. NO ABSTRACT PMID:35331032 | DOI:10.1177/01455613221087941 View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

Oral metastasis as the first indication of undiscovered malignancy at a distant site: A systematic review of 413 cases

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader Oral metastasis as the first indication of undiscovered malignancy at a distant site: A systematic review of 413 cases Via Head & Neck Abstract This systematic review is the first to provide evidence regarding demographic, clinical, and imaging characteristics, as well as information related to survival, of patients with oral and maxillofacial metastases of occult primary tumors. Case reports, case series, and cross-sectional studies were included. Ten databases were searched. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute appraisal tools. Overall, 353 articles (413 patients) were included. Statistically significant associations between survival and multiplicity of metastatic foci, and between each of the main primary sites and some features of the oral lesions were observed. Some clinical and imaging characteristics can help dentists in raising diagnostic suspicions and also in relating to plausible primary sites. Early diagnosis of oral and maxillofacial metastases can positively affect the survival rate when they are the only focus of dissemination, conferring an important role on the dentist. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.

The application of polyethylene glycol‐coated collagen patches in nasal surgery

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader The application of polyethylene glycol‐coated collagen patches in nasal surgery Via Clinical Otolaryngology Abstract Nasal packing is a significant factor of postoperative morbidity that affects quality of recovery following nasal surgery. The polyethylene glycol-coated (PEG) collagen patch (Hemopatch®) is a synthetic hemostatic agent with a dual mechanism of action, but whether it can be applied in nasal surgery remains unexplored. The postoperative symptoms of thick nasal discharge, loss of smell, headache, postnasal discharge, ear fullness and lack of good night's sleep in patients with Hemopatch are minimal after surgery. The total nasal resistance at postoperative day 1 (0.224 Pa/cm3) is lower than the preoperative total nasal resistance (0.412 Pa/cm3), indicating that the nasal air flow increases after surgery in patients using Hemopatch at postoperative day 1. This is the first report to demonstrate that Hemopatch is an alternative nasal packing to reduce the postoperative morbidity after nasal surgery. View on the web Inoreader. Take back control of your news feed. Follow us on Twitter and Facebook.