Prediction models for carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacterales carriage at liver transplantation: A multicenter retrospective study

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Prediction models for carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacterales carriage at liver transplantation: A multicenter retrospective study via Transplant Infectious Disease Graphical abstract: Abstract Background Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) colonisation at liver transplantation (LT) increases the risk of CRE infection after LT, which impacts on recipients' survival. Colonization status usually becomes evident only near LT. Thus, predictive models can be useful to guide antibiotic prophylaxis in endemic centres. Aims This study aimed to identify risk factors for CRE colonisation at LT in order to build a predictive model. Methods Retrospective multicentre study including consecutive adult patients who underwent LT, from 2010 to 2019, at two large teaching hospitals. We excluded patients who had CRE infections within 90 days before LT. CRE screening was performed in all patients on the day of LT. Exposure variables were considered within 90 days before LT and included cirrhosis complications, underlying disease, time on the waiting list, MELD and CLIF-SOFA scores, antibiotic use, intensive care unit and hospital stay, and infections. A machine learning model was trained to detect the probability of a patient being colonized with CRE at LT. Results A total of 1544 patients were analyzed, 116 (7.5%) patients were colonized by CRE at LT. The median time from CRE isolation to LT was 5 days. Use of antibiotics, hepato-renal syndrome, worst CLIF sofa score, and use of beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor increased the probability of a patient having pre-LT CRE. The proposed algorithm had a sensitivity of 66% and a specificity of 83% with a negative predictive value of 97%. Conclusions We created a model able to predict CRE colonization at LT based on easy-to-obtain features that could guide antibiotic prophylaxis View on Web

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Prevalence of multiple human papillomavirus infections and association with cervical lesions among outpatients in Fujian, China: a cross‐sectional study

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Prevalence of multiple human papillomavirus infections and association with cervical lesions among outpatients in Fujian, China: a cross‐sectional study via Journal of Medical Virology Abstract Multiple human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are common, but their impact on cervical lesions remains controversial. A total of 6225 female patients who underwent colposcopies/conization following abnormal cervical cancer screening results were included in the study. The final pathological diagnosis was determined by the most severe pathological grade among the cervical biopsy, ECC and conization. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the association between multiple HPV infections and cervical lesions, adjusting for age, HPV genotype, gravidity and parity. In total, 33.3% (n=2076) of the study population was infected with multiple HPV genotypes. Multiple HPV infections were more prevalent in patients younger than 25 years and older than 55 years, with the rate of multiple HPV infections at 52.8% and 44.3%, respectively. HPV16\52\18\58 are the most common HPV genotypes and usually appear as a single infection. Co mpared to single HR-HPV infection, multiple HR-HPV infections do not increase the risk of HSIL+, while single HR-HPV coinfected with LR-HPV seems to reduce the risk of HSIL+ (OR=0.515, CI: 0.370-0.719, P＜0.001). Multiple HR-HPV infections cannot be risk-stratified for triage of HR-HPV-positive women. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. View on Web

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Initiating Intramuscular Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA-IM) Increases Frequencies of Th17-like Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Target Cells in the Genital Tract of Women in South Africa: A Randomized Trial

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Initiating Intramuscular Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (DMPA-IM) Increases Frequencies of Th17-like Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Target Cells in the Genital Tract of Women in South Africa: A Randomized Trial via Clinical Infectious Diseases Advance Access Abstract BackgroundCervicovaginal CD4+ T cells are preferential targets for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and have consequently been used as a proxy measure for HIV susceptibility. The ECHO randomized trial offered a unique opportunity to consider the association between contraceptives and Th17-like cells within a trial designed to evaluate HIV risk. In a mucosal substudy of the ECHO trial, we compared the impact of initiating intramuscular depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA-IM), copper-IUD, and the levonorgestrel (LNG) implant on cervical T cells. Methods Cervical cytobrushes from 58 women enrolled in the ECHO trial were collected at baseline and 1 month after contraceptive initiation. We phenotyped cervical T cells using multiparameter flow cytometry, characterized the vaginal microbiome using 16s sequencing, and determined proteomic signatures associated with Th17-like cells using mass spectrometry. Results Unlike the LNG implant or copper-IUD, DMPA-IM was as sociated with higher frequencies of cervical Th17-like cells within 1 month of initiation (P = .012), including a highly susceptible, activated population co-expressing CD38, CCR5, and α4β7 (P = .003). After 1 month, women using DMPA-IM also had more Th17-like cells than women using the Cu-IUD (P = .0002) or LNG implant (P = .04). Importantly, in women using DMPA-IM, proteomic signatures signifying enhanced mucosal barrier function were associated with the increased abundance of Th17-like cells. We also found that a non–Lactobacillus-dominant microbiome at baseline was associated with more Th17-like cells post–DMPA-IM (P = .03), although this did not influence barrier function. Conclusions Our data suggest that D MPA-IM–driven accumulation of HIV-susceptible Th17-like cells might be counteracted by their role in maintaining mucosal barrier integrity. View on Web

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Review of guidance for the selection of regenerative endodontics, apexogenesis, apexification, pulpotomy, and other endodontic treatments for immature permanent teeth

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Review of guidance for the selection of regenerative endodontics, apexogenesis, apexification, pulpotomy, and other endodontic treatments for immature permanent teeth via International Endodontic Journal Abstract This review guidance is a work in progress because the limitations of regenerative endodontics are still being discovered. The endodontic treatments for immature permanent teeth with a necrotic pulp can vary considerably among endodontic practitioners. Whereas, Regenerative endodontic treatments are growing in popularity and are creating ever more complex treatment protocols, involving revascularization and/or autologous platelet-rich plasma and scaffolds to elicit host stem cell de novo tissue formation to res-establish the vitality of immature teeth for the purpose of continuing root maturation. Despite much evolving controversy about their potential benefits, risks, prognosis, and contraindications. This review is aimed to discuss how to ensure that regenerative endodontic treatments are successful, by strictly adhering to case selection criteria, and following precise steps to accomplish and monitor the success of the treatment. A review of the endodontic literature was performed, together with practical observations of the problems and outcomes of performing regenerative endodontic treatments. Traditionally, apexification has long been the treatment of choice provided to immature teeth with a necrotic pulp. Regenerative endodontics may be provided as an alternative to apexification, if the tooth and patient meets all the case selection criteria, and if there are no contraindications. Regenerative endodontics has the unique potential advantage of being able to continue the root development in immature permanent teeth, thereby potentially saving the teeth for the lifetime of the patient. Whereas, conventional endodontic root canal treatment, Cvek partial pulpotomy, apexogenesis, and apexification, should always be provided when these treatments are more likely to benefit the patient because they can be more successful than regenerative endodontics. View on Web

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Two cases of oral steroid and local tacrolimus combination therapy for oral lichen planus ineffective with local steroid therapy

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Two cases of oral steroid and local tacrolimus combination therapy for oral lichen planus ineffective with local steroid therapy via ScienceDirect Publication: Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology Publication date: Available online 5 August 2022 Source: Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology Author(s): Yusuke Aoki, Masaki Minabe, Junichiro Inada, Yurie Akiyama, Kazuhiko Hashimoto, Michiyoshi Kouno, Shinichi Takahashi, Takeshi Nomura View on Web

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Angiotensin II-induced miR-31-5p upregulation promotes vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Angiotensin II-induced miR-31-5p upregulation promotes vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration via ScienceDirect Publication: Experimental Cell Research Publication date: Available online 5 August 2022 Source: Experimental Cell Research Author(s): Bing Zhou, Nan Wu, Yuan Yan, Lu-Lu Wu, Guo-Qing Zhu, Xiao-Qing Xiong View on Web

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Characterizing the epithelial–mesenchymal transition status of circulating tumor cells in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Characterizing the epithelial–mesenchymal transition status of circulating tumor cells in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma via Head & Neck Abstract Background Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), in particular those undergoing an epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), are a promising source of biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Our aim was to validate a protocol using microfluidic enrichment (Parsortix platform) with flow-cytometry CTC characterization. Method Blood samples from 20 treatment naïve HNSCC patients underwent Parsortix enrichment and flow cytometry analysis to quantify CTCs and identify epithelial or EMT subgroups—correlated to clinical outcomes and EMT gene-expression in tumor tissue. Results CTCs were detected in 65% of patients (mean count 4 CTCs/ml). CTCs correlated with advanced disease (p = 0.0121), but not T or N classification. Epithelial or EMT CTCs did not correlate with progression-free or overall survival. Tumor mesenchymal gene-expression did not correlate with CTC EMT expression (p = 0.347). Discussion Microfluidic enrichment and flow cytometry successfully characterizes EMT CTCs in HNSCC. The lack of association between tumor and CTC EMT profile suggests CTCs may undergo an adaptive EMT in response to stimuli within the circulation. View on Web

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Excessive mechanical stress induced temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis via osteoclasts‐mediated osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Excessive mechanical stress induced temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis via osteoclasts‐mediated osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs via Journal of Oral Rehabilitation Abstract Background Bone homeostasis is a dynamic process maintained by osteoblasts and osteoclasts, which may be regulated by excessive mechanical stress (EMS). Objectives Our study aims to explore the relationship between osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and EMS-activated osteoclast differentiation of RAW 264.7 cells in order to optimize orthodontic treatment. Methods We established the model of EMS in vivo and in vitro. In vivo, HE, Safranin-O staining, micro-CT, and immunofluorescence double-labeling were utilized to assess the changes in condylar, the distributions of osteoblasts, osteoclasts and MAPKs. In vitro, the effects of EMS-activated osteoclast differentiation exerting on osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs were observed by Western Blot, qRT-PCR and Alizarin Red staining. Furthermore, the role of MAPKs in this progress was explored by using inhibitors of MAPKs and co-culture supernatants. Results In vivo, EMS led to the degradation of condylar cartilage and destruction of subchondral bone, diagnosed as temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA). Osteoclasts and osteoblasts were both enriched in subchondral bone, but osteoclast predominated. The expressions of p-JNK, p-ERK1/2, and p-p38 were all activated in vitro and in vivo, which were localized mainly in the Trap+ area in subchondral bone. Interestingly, only the inactivation of p-ERK1/2 in osteoclasts significantly inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro. This revealed that p-ERK1/2 played a key role in the osteoclasts-induced osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. Conclusion Our results proved that EMS led to TMJ OA, in which up-regulated p-ERK1/2 in osteoclasts was mechanosensitive and facilitated the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs. View on Web

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COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection during Delta-dominant and Omicron-dominant periods in Japan: a multi-center prospective case-control study (FASCINATE study)

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection during Delta-dominant and Omicron-dominant periods in Japan: a multi-center prospective case-control study (FASCINATE study) via Clinical Infectious Diseases Advance Access Abstract Background Although several COVID-19 vaccines initially showed high efficacy, there have been concerns due to waning immunity and the emergence of variants with immune escape capacity. Methods A test-negative design case-control study was conducted in 16 healthcare facilities in Japan during the Delta-dominant period (August-September 2021) and the Omicron-dominant period (January-March 2022). Vaccine effectiveness (VE) against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection was calculated for 2 doses for the Delta-dominant period and 2 or 3 doses for the Omicron-dominant period, compared to unvaccinated individuals. Results The analysis included 5795 individuals with 2595 (44.8%) cases. Among vaccinees, 2242 (55.8%) received BNT162b2 and 1624 (40.4%) received mRNA-1273 at manufacturer-recommended intervals. During the Delta-dominant period, VE was 88% (95% CI: 82-93) 14 days-3 months after dose 2 and 87% (95% CI: 38-97) 3-6 months a fter dose 2. During the Omicron-dominant period, VE was 56% (95% CI: 37-70) 14 days-3 months since dose 2, 52% (95% CI: 40-62) 3-6 months after dose 2, 49% (95% CI: 34-61) 6 + months after dose 2, and 74% (95% CI: 62-83) 14 + days after dose 3. Restricting to individuals at high risk of severe COVID-19 and additional adjustment for preventive measures (i.e. mask-wearing/high-risk behaviors) yielded similar estimates, respectively. Conclusions In Japan where most are infection-naïve and strict prevention measures are maintained regardless of vaccination status, 2-dose mRNA vaccines provided high protection against symptomatic infection during the Delta-dominant period and moderate protection during the Omicron-dominant period. Among individuals who received an mRNA booster dose, VE recovered to a high level. View on Web

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Prognostic capacity of the transcriptional expression of lactate dehydrogenase A in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

alexandrossfakianakis shared this article with you from Inoreader Prognostic capacity of the transcriptional expression of lactate dehydrogenase A in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma via Head & Neck Abstract Background To analyze the relationship between the transcriptional expression of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and the disease control in patients with a head and squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Methods We determined the transcriptional expression of LDHA in 110 HNSCC patients treated with surgery. Results Five-year disease-free survival for patients with a high transcriptional expression of LDHA (n = 51) was 39.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 25.3%–53.1%), and for patients with a low expression (n = 59), it was 63.6% (95% CI: 51.1%–76.1%) (p = 0.004). According to the results of a multivariate analysis, patients with a high transcriptional expression of LDHA had a 3.4-fold increased risk of tumor recurrence. Patients with a high transcriptional expression of LDHA tended to show a higher intensity of immunohistochemical expression of LDHA at the tumor cells (p = 0.086). Conclusion In HNSCC patients treated with surgery, a high transcriptional expression of LDHA was associated with a significant decrease in disease-free survival. View on Web

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