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Παρασκευή 23 Σεπτεμβρίου 2016

Effect of different blood glucose intervention plans on elderly people with type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with dementia

OBJECTIVE: We analyzed the effects of intensive and mitigatory blood glucose control strategy on elderly people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) combined with Alzheimer disease (AD).

PATIENTS AND METHODS: We enrolled 90 elderly patients with T2DM combined with AD to participate in this study. They were randomly divided into 3 groups: the control group, the strength group and the mitigation group with 30 cases in each group. In the control group, patients were only treated with diet and exercise while in the strength group patients were treated with oral hypoglycemic medications, subcutaneous insulin infusion or continuous infusion by micropump. Blood glucose level in the strength group patients was stabilized within 1 month (pre-meal ≤7.0 mmol/L, 2 hours post-meal glucose ≤12.0 mmol/L and glycosylated hemoglobin or HbA1c ≤7.0%). Personalized treatment programs were adopted for the mitigation group and the objective was to control the pre-meal blood glucose at ≤ 10.0 mmol/L (within 3 to 6 months) and also to control 2 hours post-meal blood glucose at ≤20.0 mmol/L (within 3 to 6 months). We compared the occurrence rate of diabetic complications, occurrence rate of new-onset dementia and progressive rate of dementia.

RESULTS: Our results showed that target glucose rate in the mitigation group was significantly higher than that in the strength group. The occurrence rate of diabetic complications in the mitigation group was significantly lower than that observed in the other two groups. Occurrence rate of diabetic hyperosmolar coma was significantly higher in the control group, the occurrence rate of hypoglycemia was meaningfully lower in the strength group and the occurrence rate of new-onset target-organ injury was considerably higher in the mitigation group. The occurrence rate of new-onset dementia and progressive rate of dementia in mitigation group was significantly lower than those in other two groups. Comparison between the control group and the strength group did not reveal any statistical significance (p>0.05). In the meantime, the survival time in mitigation group was significantly longer.

CONCLUSIONS: Elderly patients with T2DM combined with AD may benefit more from the moderate control of blood glucose and a proper increase of the target value.

L'articolo Effect of different blood glucose intervention plans on elderly people with type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with dementia sembra essere il primo su European Review.



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Self-adhesive resin cements: pH-neutralization, hydrophilicity, and hygroscopic expansion stress

Abstract

Objectives

The objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between pH-neutralization, hydrophilicity, and free hygroscopic expansion stress of self-adhesive resin cements (SARCs) after storage in artificial saliva.

Materials and methods

The SARCs RelyX Unicem Automix 2 (RX2, 3 M ESPE), iCEM (iCEM, Heraeus) and Maxcem Elite (MCE, Kerr) were under investigation in this study. Cylinders (height × diameter, 6 × 4mm) were prepared from each material and stored in artificial saliva (7d at 37 °C). Cylinder height was measured at baseline and after 7 days. After storage, the compression modulus was measured to calculate the free hygroscopic expansion stress. For pH-neutralization and hydrophilicity assessment, disks (height × diameter, 1 × 1.5 mm) were prepared, covered with electrolyte, and monitored over 24 h at 37 °C. Hydrophilicity was assessed using the static sessile drop technique at baseline and at different time intervals up to 24 h. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Student-Newman-Keuls test (S-N-K, α = 0.05).

Results

After 24 h, RX2 (pH24h 4.68) had a significantly higher (p < 0.05) pH-value than MCE (pH24h 4.2) and iCEM (pH24h 3.23). iCEM showed the significantly highest hydrophilicity (p < 0.05) after 24 h (θ24h 85.02°), while MCE resulted lower (θ24h 113.01°) in comparison with RX2 (θ24h 108.11°). The resulting hygroscopic expansion stress of iCEM (29.15 MPa) was significantly higher (p < 0.05) compared to RX2 (14.5 MPa) and MCE (21.02 MPa).

Conclusions

The material with lowest pH-neutralization capacity displayed higher hydrophilicity after 24 h and higher hygroscopic expansion stress after 7 days compared to those with high pH-neutralization.

Clinical significance

Remnant hydrophilicity due to low pH-neutralization of SARCs could lead to cement interface stress build-up and long-term failure of silicate ceramic restorations.



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Acidogenicity of dual-species biofilms of bifidobacteria and Streptococcus mutans

Abstract

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the acidogenicity of dual-species biofilms of bifidobacteria and Streptococcus mutans.

Materials and methods

The following strains were tested: Bifidobacterium dentium DSM20436, Parascardovia denticolens DSM10105, and Scardovia inopinata DSM10107. Streptococcus mutans UA159 and Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC4356 were used as control. Bifidobacteria were studied planktonically as they were not able to form monospecies biofilm, they were grown in biofilms associated with S. mutans. Endogenous polysaccharide reserves of cultures at log phase were depleted. Standardized suspensions of the microorganisms were incubated in growth media supplemented with 10 mM glucose, lactose, raffinose, glucose, or xylitol. S. mutans biofilms were grown on glass cover slips for 24 h to which bifidobacteria were added. After 24 h, the dual-species biofilms were exposed to the same carbon sources, and after 3 h, the pH of spent culture media and concentrations of organic acids were measured. Statistical analyses were carried out using ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05).

Results

A higher pH drop was observed when S. mutans was associated with P. denticolens or S. inopinata, in either planktonic or biofilm cultures, than with S. mutans alone. Bifidobacteria showed a higher pH drop in the presence of raffinose than S. mutans or L. acidophilus.

Conclusions

Dual-species biofilms of bifidobacteria and S. mutans produced more acid and greater pH drops than biofilms of S. mutans alone.

Clinical relevance

New insights on the complex process of caries pathogenicity contribute to the establishment of preventive and therapeutic measures, in particular in specific cases, such as in early childhood caries.



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A clinical study on single-visit root canal retreatments on consecutive 173 patients: frequency of periapical complications and clinical success rate

Abstract

Objectives

This study assessed the outcome measures of single-visit root canal retreatments and frequency of periapical complications considering preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative factors.

Materials and methods

Between November 2011 and December 2012, in 173 patients, a total of 234 endodontically treated teeth were retreated in a single appointment by one experienced endodontist. Five teeth were extracted and 119 teeth were lost to follow-up yielding to 110 teeth (47 %) to be examined by two calibrated examiners for the outcome of healing (periapical index score-PAI ≤2; no signs or symptoms) or non-healing (presence of apical periodontitis-PAI >2; signs or symptoms). Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative factors were evaluated for their association with the outcome. Data were analysed using Fisher's exact and Fisher-Freeman Halton tests for bivariate analysis to identify potential outcome predictors. Logistic regression models were used for multivariate analysis to determine significant outcome predictors.

Results

Mean observation time was 29 months. Follow-up assessment revealed 100 teeth (90.9 %) as healed and 10 teeth (9.1 %) non-healed. Age, gender, tooth type and preoperative (pain, periodontal defects, root filling density and length), intraoperative (sealer extrusion) and postoperative (type of coronal restorations) factors did not significantly affect the outcome (p > 0.05). Preoperative periradicular lesions with diameters less than 5 mm presented significantly better outcome than larger lesions (p < 0.05; odds ratio (OD) 6; 95 % CI 1.45–24.85). Logistic regression model showed an increased risk of non-healing for the parameter of preoperative periradicular lesions with diameters larger than 5 mm (OD 6.42; 95 % CI 1.51–27.27).

Conclusions

Single-appointment root canal retreatments presented a favourable success rate. Only preoperative lesion size had a significant effect on the outcome where the lesions smaller than 5 mm performed significantly better healing.

Clinical relevance

Single-appointment root canal retreatments could be considered as a viable treatment option for orthograde retreatment cases with periradicular lesion size smaller than 5 mm.



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18F-FDG PET/CT and sentinel lymph node biopsy in the staging of patients with cervical and endometrial cancer. Role of dual-time-point imaging

Publication date: Available online 22 September 2016
Source:Revista Española de Medicina Nuclear e Imagen Molecular
Author(s): M. Mayoral, P. Paredes, B. Domènech, P. Fusté, S. Vidal-Sicart, A. Tapias, A. Torné, J. Pahisa, J. Ordi, F. Pons, F. Lomeña
ObjectiveDefinitive staging for cervical (CC) and endometrial cancer (EC) takes place once surgery is performed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of PET/CT in detecting lymphatic metastasis in patients with CC and EC using dual-time-point imaging (DPI), taking the histopathological results of sentinel lymph node (SLN) and lymphadenectomy as the reference.Material and methodsA prospective study was conducted on 17 patients with early CC, and 13 patients with high-risk EC. The patients had a pre-operative PET/CT, MRI, SLN detection, and lymphadenectomy, when indicated. PET/CT findings were compared with histopathological results.ResultsIn the pathology study, 4 patients with CC and 4 patients with EC had lymphatic metastasis. PET/CT showed hypermetabolic nodes in 1 patient with CC, and 5 with EC. Four of these had metastasis, one detected in the SLN biopsy. Four patients who had negative PET/CT had micrometastasis in the SLN biopsy, 1 patient with additional lymph nodes involvement. The overall patient-based sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy of PET/CT to detect lymphatic metastasis was 20.0%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 87.9%, and 88.2%, respectively, in CC, and 57.1%, 88.9%, 66.7%, 84.2% and 80.0%, respectively, in EC. DPI showed higher retention index in malignant than in inflammatory nodes, although no statistically significant differences were found.ConclusionsPET/CT has low sensitivity in lymph node staging of CC and EC, owing to the lack of detection of micrometastasis. Thus, PET/CT cannot replace SLN biopsy. Although no statistically significant differences were found, DPI may help to differentiate between inflammatory and malignant nodes.



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Scholar : These new articles for Atlantic Studies are available online

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New for Atlantic Studies and online now on Taylor & Francis Online:

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Across imperial boundaries: Black social networks across the Iberian South Atlantic, 1760–1810
Alex Borucki
Pages: 1-26 | DOI: 10.1080/14788810.2016.1233793


Listening Leaders
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Impact of meteorology on fine aerosols at Lucas Heights, Australia

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Publication date: November 2016
Source:Atmospheric Environment, Volume 145
Author(s): Jagoda Crawford, Scott Chambers, David D. Cohen, Alastair Williams, Alan Griffiths, Eduard Stelcer, Leisa Dyer
Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) techniques were used to assign nine years of PM2.5 observations to seven source types, at Lucas Heights, a topographically complex urban fringe site of Sydney. The highest contributions to total PM2.5 were from motor vehicles (Autos, 26.3%), secondary sulfur (2ndryS, 23.7%), a mixture of industry and aged sea air (IndSaged, 20.6%), and smoke (Smoke, 13.7%). The Autos contribution was highest in winter, whereas 2ndryS was highest in summer, indicating that mitigation measures targeting SO2 release in summer and vehicle exhaust in winter would be most effective in reducing the PM2.5 concentrations at this site. Since concentrations of particulate matter can be significantly affected by local meteorology, generalised additive model (GAM) techniques were employed to investigate relationships between PM2.5 source types and meteorological conditions. The GAM predictors used included: time (seasonal to inter-annual variations), mixing layer depth, temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, wind direction, and atmospheric pressure. Meteorological influences on PM2.5 variability were found to be 58% for soil dust, 46% for Autos, 41% for total PM2.5, and 35% for 2ndryS. Effects were much smaller for other source types. Temperature was found to be an important variable for the determination of total PM2.5, 2ndryS, IndSaged, Soil and Smoke, indicating that future changes in temperature are likely to have an associated change in aerosol concentrations. However, the impact on different source types varied. Temperature had the highest impact on 2ndryS (sometimes more than a factor of 4 increase for temperatures above 25 °C compared to temperatures under 10 °C) and IndSaged, being predominantly secondary aerosols formed in the atmosphere from precursors, whereas wind speed and wind direction were more important for the determination of vehicle exhaust and fresh sea salt concentrations. The marginal effect of relative humidity on 2ndryS increased up to relative humidity of 70–80% and then plateaued, confirming previous findings that (NH4)2SO4 is present in the solid phase below relative humidity of about 80%.



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Analysis of the influence of solar activity and atmospheric factors on 7Be air concentration by seasonal-trend decomposition

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Publication date: November 2016
Source:Atmospheric Environment, Volume 145
Author(s): M.C. Bas, J. Ortiz, L. Ballesteros, S. Martorell
7Be air concentrations were measured at the Universitat Politècnica de Valencia campus (in the east of Spain) during the period 2007–2014. The mean values of monthly 7Be concentrations ranged from 2.65 to 8.11 mBq/m3, showing significant intra and interannual variability. A seasonal-trend decomposition methodology was applied to identify the trend-cycle, seasonal and irregular components of the 7Be time series. The decomposition model makes it possible to estimate the influence of solar activity and atmospheric factors on the independent components, in order to find the different sources of 7Be variability. The results show that solar activity is a factor with a high inverse influence on the trend-cycle pattern of 7Be variability. Solar radiation, temperature and relative humidity are positive influential factors on the seasonal 7Be variation with a regular pattern over the years. Finally, the irregular component presents a significant negative correlation with precipitation and wind speed parameters, which have an irregular behavior over the years and seasons.



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Scholar : These new articles for Commonwealth Law Bulletin are available online

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Original Articles

Is there a need to regulate mediation? The English and Welsh case study
Leonardo V.P.de Oliveira & Carolyn Beckwith
Pages: 1-28 | DOI: 10.1080/03050718.2016.1227718


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Does the way we read others' mind change over the lifespan? Insights from a massive web poll of cognitive skills from childhood to late adulthood

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Publication date: Available online 23 September 2016
Source:Cortex
Author(s): David Klindt, Marie Devaine, Jean Daunizeau
Mentalizing or Theory of Mind (ToM), i.e. the ability to recognize what people think or feel, is a crucial component of human social intelligence. It has been recently proposed that ToM can be decomposed into automatic and controlled neurocognitive components, where only the latter engage executive functions (e.g., working memory, inhibitory control and task switching). Critical here is the notion that such dual processes are expected to follow different developmental dynamics. In this work, we provide novel experimental evidence for this notion. We report data gathered from about thirty thousand participants of a massive web poll of people's cognitive skills, which included ToM and executive functions. We show that although the maturation of executive functions occurs in synchrony (around 20 years of age), this is not the case for different mentalizing competences, which either mature before (for elementary ToM constituents) or after (for higher-level ToM). In addition, we show that inter-individual differences in executive functions predict variability in higher-level ToM skills from the onset of adulthood onwards, i.e. after the complete maturation of executive functions. Taken together, these results indicate that the relative contribution of ToM's controlled component significantly changes with age. In particular, this implies that, over the lifespan, people may rely upon distinct cognitive architectures when reading others' minds.



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Self-similarity and Recursion as Default Modes in Human Cognition

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Publication date: Available online 23 September 2016
Source:Cortex
Author(s): F.P. Fischmeister, M.J. Martins, R. Beisteiner, W.T. Fitch
Humans generate recursive hierarchies in a variety of domains, including linguistic, social and visuo-spatial modalities. The ability to represent recursive structures has been hypothesized to increase the efficiency of hierarchical processing. Theoretical work together with recent empirical findings suggests that the ability to represent the self-similar structure of hierarchical recursive stimuli may be supported by internal neural representations that compress raw external information and increase efficiency.In order to explicitly test whether the representation of recursive hierarchies depends on internalized rules we compared the processing of visual hierarchies represented either as recursive or non-recursive, using task-free resting-state fMRI data. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between task-evoked functional networks induced by cognitive representations with the corresponding resting-state architecture. We observed increased connectivity within Default Mode Network (DMN) related brain areas during the representation of recursion, while non-recursive representations yielded increased connectivity within the Fronto-Parietal Control-Network.Our results suggest that human hierarchical information processing using recursion is supported by the DMN. In particular, the representation of recursion seems to constitute an internally-biased mode of information-processing that is mediated by both the core and dorsal-medial subsystems of the DMN. Compressed internal rule representations mediated by the DMN may help humans to represent and process hierarchical structures in complex environments by considerably reducing information processing load.



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Scholar : These new articles for Asian Journal of Political Science are available online

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Symposium on Democratic Governance

Can we satisfactorily gauge the socio-political trends of our own age? Mark Bevir's views on governance and changing democracy
Jos C. N. Raadschelders
Pages: 1-11 | DOI: 10.1080/02185377.2016.1231068


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Scholar : These new articles for Aphasiology are available online

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AphasiaWeb: development and evaluation of an aphasia-friendly social networking application
Heather R. Buhr, Jerry K. Hoepner, Hannah Miller & Chris Johnson
Pages: 1-22 | DOI: 10.1080/02687038.2016.1232361


Object and action picture naming in brain-damaged Persian speakers with aphasia
Reza Nilipour, Mehdi Bakhtiar, Mohammad Momenian & Brendan S. Weekes
Pages: 1-18 | DOI: 10.1080/02687038.2016.1234583


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Scholar : Journal of Architectural Conservation, Volume 22, Issue 1, March 2016 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online

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Journal of Architectural Conservation, Volume 22, Issue 1, March 2016 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online.



This new issue contains the following articles:

Articles

The story of building a historic chapel as told by its timber
Vjacheslav Orphinskij, Irina Grishina, Valery Kozlov, Margarita Kisternaya & Alexander Kosenkov
Pages: 1-17 | DOI: 10.1080/13556207.2016.1208469


Rural carob warehouses in Cyprus: an assessment of architectural and structural characteristics
Beser Oktay Vehbi, Hülya Yuceer & Yonca Hurol
Pages: 18-47 | DOI: 10.1080/13556207.2016.1208473


Heritage on film: the impact on historic sites of drama filming for television and cinema
Laura Hayley Reynolds
Pages: 48-63 | DOI: 10.1080/13556207.2016.1208477


Seismic strengthening criteria and techniques in the Regno di Napoli during the eighteenth century
Nicola Ruggieri
Pages: 64-76 | DOI: 10.1080/13556207.2016.1210927


Book review

Specifications for building conservation: volume 1 – external structure
David Watt
Pages: 77-78 | DOI: 10.1080/13556207.2016.1208480


Corrigendum

Corrigendum to Heritage on film: the impact on historic sites of drama filming for television and cinema
Laura Hayley Reynolds
Pages: iii-iii | DOI: 10.1080/13556207.2016.1228502


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Scholar : These new articles for Anxiety, Stress, & Coping are available online

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Original Articles

Efficacy of an internet-based intervention for burnout: a randomized controlled trial in the German working population
Benjamin Jonas, Fabian Leuschner & Peter Tossmann
Pages: 1-12 | DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2016.1233324


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Scholar : These new articles for Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science are available online

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Original Articles

Mushroom residue application affects CH4 and N2O emissions from fields under rice–wheat rotation
Xuesong Gao, Ting Lan, Liangji Deng & Min Zeng
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Explore the Archives - Find out which Biological, Earth and Environmental Science archive articles are still making an impact today!

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Scholar : These new articles for Bulletin of Spanish Studies are available online

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Original Articles

Imagining Domesticity in Cervantes' Novelas ejemplares and Don Quijote
Ignacio Navarrete & Mary B. Quinn
Pages: 1-23 | DOI: 10.1080/14753820.2016.1227545


Self-Construction and the Imagination in the Drama of Lope de Vega and Cervantes
Melanie Henry & Jonathan Thacker
Pages: 1-30 | DOI: 10.1080/14753820.2016.1229902


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Scholar : These new articles for Aging & Mental Health are available online

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New for Aging & Mental Health and online now on Taylor & Francis Online:

Original Articles

Psychometric properties of the French Canadian version of the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory
Alexandra Champagne, Philippe Landreville, Patrick Gosselin & Pierre-Hugues Carmichael
Pages: 1-6 | DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2016.1226767


Internet use and well-being in later life: a functional approach
Rinat Lifshitz, Galit Nimrod & Yaacov G. Bachner
Pages: 1-7 | DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2016.1232370


Development of the PHASE-Proxy scale for rating drug-related signs and symptoms in severe cognitive impairment | Open Access
Mariann Hedström, Marianne Carlsson, Anna Ekman, Ulrika Gillespie, Christina Mörk & Kerstin Hulter Åsberg
Pages: 1-8 | DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2016.1232364


Effect of a social intervention of choice vs. control on depressive symptoms, melancholy, feeling of loneliness, and perceived togetherness in older Finnish people: a randomized controlled trial
Pynnönen Katja, Törmäkangas Timo, Rantanen Taina, Tiikkainen Pirjo & Kallinen Mauri
Pages: 1-8 | DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2016.1232367


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Scholar : Atlantic Journal of Communication, Volume 24, Issue 4, September-October 2016 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online

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Atlantic Journal of Communication, Volume 24, Issue 4, September-October 2016 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online.



This new issue contains the following articles:

Original Articles

Leader as performer; leader as human: A discursive and retrospective construction of crisis leadership
Ralph A. Gigliotti
Pages: 185-200 | DOI: 10.1080/15456870.2016.1208660


Perceptions of child beauty pageants and their impacts: What really lies behind the tiara?
Jessica M. Kelly & Lance C. Garmon
Pages: 201-215 | DOI: 10.1080/15456870.2016.1208528


Partisan audience polarization: Beyond selective exposure
Thomas B. Ksiazek
Pages: 216-227 | DOI: 10.1080/15456870.2016.1208658


Reality TV, materialism, and associated consequences: An exploration of the influences of enjoyment and social comparison on reality TV's cultivation effects
Shu-Yueh Lee, Yen-Shen Chen & Mark Harmon
Pages: 228-241 | DOI: 10.1080/15456870.2016.1208659


Self-reports of information seeking: Is social desirability in play?
Lindsay Neuberger
Pages: 242-249 | DOI: 10.1080/15456870.2016.1208661


Listening Leaders
Free Accessarticles from International Listening Association Lifetime Achievement AwardeesFind out more

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Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list.

Taylor & Francis, an Informa business.
Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.



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