Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases in 6 Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Findings From Wave 1 of the World Health Organization's Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE)

<span class="paragraphSection"><div class="boxTitle">Abstract</div>In this paper, we examine patterns of self-reported diagnosis of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and prevalences of algorithm/measured test-based, undiagnosed, and untreated NCDs in China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa. Nationally representative samples of older adults aged ≥50 years were analyzed from wave 1 of the World Health Organization's Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (2007–2010; <span style="font-style:italic;">n</span> = 34,149). Analyses focused on 6 conditions: angina, arthritis, asthma, chronic lung disease, depression, and hypertension. Outcomes for these NCDs were: 1) self-reported disease, 2) algorithm/measured test-based disease, 3) undiagnosed disease, and 4) untreated disease. Algorithm/measured test-based prevalence of NCDs was much higher than self-reported prevalence in all 6 countries, indicating underestimation of NCD prevalence in low- and middle-income countries. Undiagnosed prevalence of NCDs was highest for hypertension, ranging from 19.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 18.1, 21.3) in India to 49.6% (95% CI: 46.2, 53.0) in South Africa. The proportion untreated among all diseases was highest for depression, ranging from 69.5% (95% CI: 57.1, 81.9) in South Africa to 93.2% (95% CI: 90.1, 95.7) in India. Higher levels of education and wealth significantly reduced the odds of an undiagnosed condition and untreated morbidity. A high prevalence of undiagnosed NCDs and an even higher proportion of untreated NCDs highlights the inadequacies in diagnosis and management of NCDs in local health-care systems.</span>

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Interactions Between Genome-Wide Significant Genetic Variants and Circulating Concentrations of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in Relation to Prostate Cancer Risk in the National Cancer Institute BPC3

<span class="paragraphSection"><div class="boxTitle">Abstract</div>Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified over 100 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with prostate cancer. However, information on the mechanistic basis for some associations is limited. Recent research has been directed towards the potential association of vitamin D concentrations and prostate cancer, but little is known about whether the aforementioned genetic associations are modified by vitamin D. We investigated the associations of 46 GWAS-identified SNPs, circulating concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), and prostate cancer (3,811 cases, 511 of whom died from the disease, compared with 2,980 controls—from 5 cohort studies that recruited participants over several periods beginning in the 1980s). We used logistic regression models with data from the National Cancer Institute Breast and Prostate Cancer Cohort Consortium (BPC3) to evaluate interactions on the multiplicative and additive scales. After allowing for multiple testing, none of the SNPs examined was significantly associated with 25(OH)D concentration, and the SNP–prostate cancer associations did not differ by these concentrations. A statistically significant interaction was observed for each of 2 SNPs in the 8q24 region (rs620861 and rs16902094), 25(OH)D concentration, and fatal prostate cancer on both multiplicative and additive scales (<span style="font-style:italic;">P</span> ≤ 0.001). We did not find strong evidence that associations between GWAS-identified SNPs and prostate cancer are modified by circulating concentrations of 25(OH)D. The intriguing interactions between rs620861 and rs16902094, 25(OH)D concentration, and fatal prostate cancer warrant replication.</span>

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Conducting Privacy-Preserving Multivariable Propensity Score Analysis When Patient Covariate Information Is Stored in Separate Locations

<span class="paragraphSection"><div class="boxTitle">Abstract</div>Distributed networks of health-care data sources are increasingly being utilized to conduct pharmacoepidemiologic database studies. Such networks may contain data that are not physically pooled but instead are distributed horizontally (separate patients within each data source) or vertically (separate measures within each data source) in order to preserve patient privacy. While multivariable methods for the analysis of horizontally distributed data are frequently employed, few practical approaches have been put forth to deal with vertically distributed health-care databases. In this paper, we propose 2 propensity score–based approaches to vertically distributed data analysis and test their performance using 5 example studies. We found that these approaches produced point estimates close to what could be achieved without partitioning. We further found a performance benefit (i.e., lower mean squared error) for sequentially passing a propensity score through each data domain (called the "sequential approach") as compared with fitting separate domain-specific propensity scores (called the "parallel approach"). These results were validated in a small simulation study. This proof-of-concept study suggests a new multivariable analysis approach to vertically distributed health-care databases that is practical, preserves patient privacy, and warrants further investigation for use in clinical research applications that rely on health-care databases.</span>

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Invited Commentary: Foreclosures and Health in a Neighborhood Context

<span class="paragraphSection"><div class="boxTitle">Abstract</div>Recent systematic reviews link foreclosure to worse health at both the individual and population levels. In this issue of the <span style="font-style:italic;">Journal</span>, Downing et al. (<span style="font-style:italic;">Am J Epidemiol</span>. 2017;185(6):429–435) add to what is known about foreclosure and health by examining annual measures of glycemic control in relation to local foreclosure activity. They provided evidence that between 2007 and 2010, glycemic control was not associated with rates of completed foreclosure among a continuously insured managed-care population of persons with type 2 diabetes living in 9 California counties. In this commentary, I consider 5 possible interpretations of the null results: 1) foreclosures do not affect health in general, 2) glycated hemoglobin is insensitive to local foreclosure activity, 3) the presence of real estate owned foreclosures (rather than the competed foreclosure rate) affects health, 4) an integrated health-care delivery system buffers patients from the effects of the foreclosure crisis, and 5) community conditions and responses to the foreclosure crisis buffer patients from the effects of the foreclosure crisis. I close by arguing that research on the contextual effects of foreclosure on health should continue despite the ongoing recovery of the housing market.</span>

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Beyond the Great Recession: Was the Foreclosure Crisis Harmful to the Health of Individuals With Diabetes?

<span class="paragraphSection"><div class="boxTitle">Abstract</div>The housing foreclosure crisis was harmful to the financial well-being of many households. In the present study, we investigated the health effects of the housing foreclosure crisis on glycemic control within a population of patients with diabetes. We hypothesized that an increase in the neighborhood foreclosure rate could worsen glycemic control by activating stressors such as higher neighborhood crime, lower housing prices, and erosion of neighborhood social cohesion. To test this, we linked public foreclosure records at the census-block level with clinical records from 2006 to 2009 of patients with diabetes. We specified individual fixed-effects models and controlled for individual time-invariant confounders and area-level time-varying confounders, including housing prices and unemployment rate, to estimate the effect of the foreclosure rate per census-block group on glycated hemoglobin. We found no statistically significant relationship between changes in the neighborhood foreclosure rate per block group in the prior year and changes in glycated hemoglobin. There is no evidence that increased foreclosure rates worsened glycemic control in this continuously insured population with diabetes. More research is needed to inform our knowledge of the role of insurance and health-care delivery systems in protecting the health of diabetic patients during times of economic stress.</span>

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Downing et al. Respond to “Foreclosures and Health in a Neighborhood Context”

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Diet-Induced Overweight and Obesity and Periodontitis Risk: An Application of the Parametric G-Formula in the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort

<span class="paragraphSection"><div class="boxTitle">Abstract</div>We aimed to estimate hypothetical effects of habits (smoking, alcohol consumption, and fat and carbohydrates consumption) combined with diet-induced overweight/obesity on the risk of periodontitis. The risk of any periodontitis, moderate/severe periodontitis, and the combination of bleeding on probing (BOP) and clinical attachment loss (CAL) was estimated using the parametric g-formula in adults aged 31 years from the 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort in Brazil. Individuals in this cohort have been followed since birth. Hypothetical conditions were set independently for each risk factor and in combination for the entire population. A total of 539 participants had oral examinations in 2013. The cumulative 31-year risk under no intervention was 33.3% for any periodontitis, 14.3%, for moderate/severe periodontitis, and 14.7%, for BOP and CAL. According to our statistical approach, diet-induced overweight/obesity increased the risk of all outcomes: 11% (overweight) and 22% (obesity) higher risk of periodontitis; 12% (overweight) and 27% (obesity) higher risk of moderate/severe periodontitis; 21% (overweight) and 57% (obesity) higher risk of CAL and BOP. When overweight/obesity was combined with other unhealthy habits, the risk was even greater. Our findings suggest that the combination of diet-induced obesity with other risk factors may increase the risk of periodontitis. Further research in the field is required to corroborate our study.</span>

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Observed and Expected Mortality in Cohort Studies

<span class="paragraphSection"><div class="boxTitle">Abstract</div>Epidemiologists often compare the observed number of deaths in a cohort with the expected number of deaths, obtained by multiplying person-time accrued in the cohort by mortality rates for a reference population (ideally, a reference that represents the mortality rate in the cohort in the absence of exposure). However, if exposure is hazardous (or salutary), this calculation will not consistently estimate the number of deaths expected in the absence of exposure because exposure will have affected the distribution of person-time observed in the study cohort. While problems with interpretation of this standard calculation of expected counts were discussed more than 2 decades ago, these discussions had little impact on epidemiologic practice. The logic of counterfactuals may help clarify this topic as we revisit these issues. In this paper, we describe a simple way to consistently estimate the expected number of deaths in such settings, and we illustrate the approach using data from a cohort study of mortality among underground miners.</span>

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Toward a Framework for Benefit-Risk Assessment in Diagnostic Imaging

Publication date: Available online 31 March 2017
Source:Academic Radiology
Author(s): Maria Agapova, Brian W. Bresnahan, Ken F. Linnau, Louis P. Garrison, Mitchell Higashi, Larry Kessler, Beth Devine
Rationale and ObjectivesDiagnostic imaging has many effects and there is no common definition of value in diagnostic radiology. As benefit-risk trade-offs are rarely made explicit, it is not clear which framework is used in clinical guideline development. We describe initial steps toward the creation of a benefit-risk framework for diagnostic radiology.Materials and MethodsWe performed a literature search and an online survey of physicians to identify and collect benefit-risk criteria (BRC) relevant to diagnostic imaging tests. We operationalized a process for selection of BRC with the use of four clinical use case scenarios that vary by diagnostic alternatives and clinical indication. Respondent BRC selections were compared across clinical scenarios and between radiologists and nonradiologists.ResultsThirty-six BRC were identified and organized into three domains: (1) those that account for differences attributable only to the test or device (n = 17); (2) those that account for clinical management and provider experiences (n = 12); and (3) those that capture patient experience (n = 7). Forty-eight survey participants selected 22 criteria from the initial list in the survey (9–11 per case). Engaging ordering physicians increased the number of criteria selected in each of the four clinical scenarios presented. We developed a process for standardizing selection of BRC in guideline development.ConclusionThese results suggest that a process relying on elements of comparative effectiveness and the use of standardized BRC may ensure consistent examination of differences among alternatives by way of making explicit implicit trade-offs that otherwise enter the decision-making space and detract from consistency and transparency. These findings also highlight the need for multidisciplinary teams that include input from ordering physicians.



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The Management of Esophagogastric Cancers Enters a New Era

Publication date: Available online 31 March 2017
Source:Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America
Author(s): Manish A. Shah




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Specific Recruitment of Circulating Angiogenic Cells Using Biomaterials as Filters

Publication date: Available online 1 April 2017
Source:Acta Biomaterialia
Author(s): Matthew Parlato, James Molenda, William L. Murphy
Endogenous recruitment of circulating angiogenic cells (CACs) is an emerging strategy to induce angiogenesis within a defect site, and multiple recent strategies have deployed soluble protein releasing biomaterials for this purpose. However, the way in which the design of biomaterials affects CAC recruitment and invasion are poorly understood. Here we used an enhanced-throughput cell invasion assay to systematically examine the effects of biomaterial design on CAC recruitment. The screens co-optimized hydrogel presentation of a stromal-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) gradient, hydrogel degradability, and hydrogel stiffness for maximal CAC invasion. We also examined the specificity of this invasion by assessing dermal fibroblast, mesenchymal stem cell, and lymphocyte invasion individually and in co-culture with CACs to identify hydrogels specific to CAC invasion. These screens suggested a subset of MMP-degradable hydrogels presenting a specific range of SDF-1α gradient slopes that induced specific invasion of CACs, and we posit that the design parameters of this subset of hydrogels may serve as instructive templates for the future design of biomaterials to specifically recruit CACs. We also posit that this design concept may be applied more broadly in that it may be possible to utilize these specific subsets of biomaterials as "filters" to control which types of cell populations invade into and populate the biomaterial.Statement of SignificanceThe recruitment of specific cell types for cell-based therapies in vivo is of great interest to the regenerative medicine community. Circulating angiogenic cells (CACs), CD133+ cells derived from the blood stream, are of particular interest for induction of angiogenesis in ischemic tissues, and recent studies utilizing soluble-factor releasing biomaterials to recruit these cells in vivo show great promise. However, these studies are largely "proof of concept" and are not systematic in nature. Thus, little is currently known about how biomaterial design affects the recruitment of CACs.In the present work, we use a high throughput cell invasion screening platform to systematically examine the effects of biomaterial design on circulating angiogenic cell (CAC) recruitment, and we successfully screened 263 conditions at 3 replicates each. Our results identify a particular subset of conditions that robustly recruit CACs. Additionally, we found that these conditions also specifically recruited CACs and excluded the other tested cells types of dermal fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, and lymphocytes. This suggests an intriguing new role for biomaterials as "filters" to control the types of cells that invade and populate that biomaterial.

Graphical abstract

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Choose Your Cell Model Wisely: The In Vitro Nanoneurotoxicity of Differentially Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Neural Cell Labeling

Publication date: Available online 1 April 2017
Source:Acta Biomaterialia
Author(s): Freya Joris, Daniel Valdepérez, Beatriz Pelaz, Tianqiang Wang, Shareen H. Doak, Bella B. Manshian, Stefaan J. Soenen, Wolfgang J. Parak, Stefaan C. De Smedt, Koen Raemdonck
Currently, there is a large interest in the labeling of neural stem cells (NSCs) with iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) to allow MRI-guided detection after transplantation in regenerative medicine. For such biomedical applications, excluding nanotoxicity is key. Nanosafety is primarily evaluated in vitro where an immortalized or cancer cell line of murine origin is often applied, which is not necessarily an ideal cell model. Previous work revealed clear neurotoxic effects of PMA-coated IONPs in distinct cell types that could potentially be applied for nanosafety studies regarding neural cell labeling. Here, we aimed to assess if DMSA-coated IONPs could be regarded as a safer alternative for this purpose and how the cell model impacted our nanosafety optimization study. Hereto, we evaluated cytotoxicity, ROS production, calcium levels, mitochondrial homeostasis and cell morphology in six related neural cell types, namely neural stem cells, an immortalized cell line and a cancer cell line from human and murine origin. The cell lines mostly showed similar responses to both IONPs, which were frequently more pronounced for the PMA-IONPs. Of note, ROS and calcium levels showed opposite trends in the human and murine NSCs, indicating the importance of the species. Indeed, the human cell models were overall more sensitive than their murine counterpart. Despite the clear cell type-specific nanotoxicity profiles, our multiparametric approach revealed that the DMSA-IONPs outperformed the PMA-IONPs in terms of biocompatibility in each cell type. However, major cell type-dependent variations in the observed effects additionally warrant the use of relevant human cell models.Statement of significanceInorganic nanoparticle (NP) optimization is chiefly performed in vitro. For the optimization of iron oxide (IO)NPs for neural stem cell labeling in the context of regenerative medicine human or rodent neural stem cells, immortalized or cancer cell lines are applied. However, the use of certain cell models can be questioned as they phenotypically differ from the target cell. The impact of the neural cell model on nanosafety remains relatively unexplored. Here we evaluated cell homeostasis upon exposure to PMA- and DMSA-coated IONPs. Of note, the DMSA-IONPs outperformed the PMA-IONPs in each cell type. However, distinct cell type-specific effects were witnessed indicating that nanosafety should be evaluated in a human cell model that represents the target cell as closely as possible.

Graphical abstract

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Optical imaging and anticancer chemotherapy through carbon dot created hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles

Publication date: Available online 1 April 2017
Source:Acta Biomaterialia
Author(s): Min Sil Kang, Rajendra K. Singh, Tae-Hyun Kim, Joong-Hyun Kim, Kapil D. Patel, Hae-Won Kim
Multifunctional nanocarrier-based theranostics is currently considered to solve some key unmet challenges in cancer treatment. Here we report a nanocarrier platform, named carbon dot (CD) created mesoporous hollow organosilica (C-hMOS) nanoparticles, to deliver anticancer drug and to enable optical imaging. The hollow structure was formed by the removal of a nanorod core template, and at the same time, the fluorescent signal was endowed from the heat-treated organosilica network. Thanks to the hollow and mesoporous structure, the C-hMOS effectively loaded doxorubicin (DOX) for cancer chemotherapy. The DOX was released from C-hMOS highly sustainably (over 12 days) and pH-dependently (pH 5.0 > pH 7.4). The DOX-loading C-hMOS internalized cancer cells efficiently (> 90%), and induced cellular apoptosis including the expression of caspase-3. The treatment of C-hMOS to cancer cells enabled multi-color visualization in vitro, suggesting the possibility of cell tracing. Moreover, when injected intratumorally in mice, the C-hMOS exhibited strong optical signals in vivo along with a high optical stability (over a week). The injected C-hMOS were distributed only a fraction in liver but not in heart, lung, spleen or kidney and displayed good biocompatibility. The DOX-delivering C-hMOS significantly suppressed the in vivo tumor growth associated with apoptotic functions. Taken together, the developed C-hMOS nanoparticles can be a promising nanoplatform for drug delivery and in vivo imaging in cancer treatment.Significance of workMultifunctional nanoparticles that combine chemotherapeutic ability with imaging modality comprise promising platform for cancer theranostics. Here we developed a novel theranostic nanoparticle, i.e., carbon-dot created mesoporous hollow silica nanoparticle, to offer unique merit for this purpose. The in vitro and in vivo findings to support this include: i) carbon dots with 1-2 nm size in situ generated discretely and uniformly within silica network, ii) hollow and mesoporous structure effective for loading of DOX at high content, iii) release behavior of DOX in a sustainable and pH-dependent manner, iv) chemotherapeutic efficacy in killing cancer cells and suppressing tumor growth through DOX delivery, and v) carbon dot induced multi-color fluorescence imaging within cells and tumor tissues. These collective multifaceted properties may facilitate the novel carbon dot nanocarriers to be a potential candidate for delivering anticancer drug and non-invasive imaging in cancer treatment.

Graphical abstract

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3D screening device for the evaluation of cell response to different electrospun microtopographies

Publication date: Available online 1 April 2017
Source:Acta Biomaterialia
Author(s): G. Criscenti, A. Vasilevich, A. Longoni, C. De Maria, C.A. van Blitterswijk, R. Truckenmuller, G. Vozzi, J. De Boer, L. Moroni
Micro- and nano-topographies of scaffold surfaces play a pivotal role in tissue engineering applications, influencing cell behavior such as adhesion, orientation, alignment, morphology and proliferation. In this study, a novel microfabrication method based on the combination of soft-lithography and electrospinning for the production of micro-patterned electrospun scaffolds was proposed. Subsequently, a 3D screening device for electrospun meshes with different micro-topographies was designed, fabricated and biologically validated. Results indicated that the use of defined patterns could induce specific morphological variations in human mesenchymal stem cell cytoskeletal organization, which could be related to differential activity of signaling pathways.Statement of SignificanceWe introduce a novel and time saving method to fabricate 3D micropatterns with controlled micro-architectures on electrospun meshes using a custom made collector and a PDMS mold with the desired topography. A possible application of this fabrication technique is represented by a 3D screening system for patterned electrospun meshes that allows the screening of different scaffold/electrospun parameters on cell activity. In addition, what we have developed in this study could be modularly applied to existing platforms. Considering the different patterned geometries, the cell morphological data indicated a change in the cytoskeletal organization with a close correspondence to the patterns, as shown by phenoplot and boxplot analysis, and might hint at the differential activity of signaling. The 3D screening system proposed in this study could be used to evaluate topographies favoring cell alignment, proliferation and functional performance, and it has the potential to be upscaled for high-throughput.

Graphical abstract

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Long-term blood glucose monitoring with implanted telemetry device in conscious and stress-free cynomolgus monkeys

Abstract

Aims

Continuous blood glucose monitoring, especially long-term and remote, in diabetic patients or research is very challenging. Nonhuman primate (NHP) is an excellent model for metabolic research, because NHPs can naturally develop Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) similarly to humans. This study was to investigate blood glucose changes in conscious, moving-free cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) during circadian, meal, stress and drug exposure.

Materials and methods

Blood glucose, body temperature and physical activities were continuously and simultaneously recorded by implanted HD-XG telemetry device for up to 10 weeks.

Results and discussion

Blood glucose circadian changes in normoglycemic monkeys significantly differed from that in diabetic animals. Postprandial glucose increase was more obvious after afternoon feeding. Moving a monkey from its housing cage to monkey chair increased blood glucose by 30% in both normoglycemic and diabetic monkeys. Such increase in blood glucose declined to the pre-procedure level in 30 min in normoglycemic animals and >2 h in diabetic monkeys. Oral gavage procedure alone caused hyperglycemia in both normoglycemic and diabetic monkeys. Intravenous injection with the stress hormones, angiotensin II (2 μg/kg) or norepinephrine (0.4 μg/kg), also increased blood glucose level by 30%. The glucose levels measured by the telemetry system correlated significantly well with glucometer readings during glucose tolerance tests (ivGTT or oGTT), insulin tolerance test (ITT), graded glucose infusion (GGI) and clamp.

Conclusion

Our data demonstrate that the real-time telemetry method is reliable for monitoring blood glucose remotely and continuously in conscious, stress-free, and moving-free NHPs with the advantages highly valuable to diabetes research and drug discovery.

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Reply to: Microwave Thermosphere™ Ablation in the multimodal management of colorectal cancer liver metastasis’

Publication date: Available online 1 April 2017
Source:European Journal of Surgical Oncology (EJSO)
Author(s): Petter Frühling




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Patterns of care and clinical outcomes in primary oesophageal gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST): a retrospective study of the French Sarcoma group (FSG)

Publication date: Available online 1 April 2017
Source:European Journal of Surgical Oncology (EJSO)
Author(s): Florence Duffaud, Pierre Meeus, Francois Bertucci, Jean-Baptiste Delhorme, Eberhard Stoeckle, Nicolas Isambert, Emmanuelle Bompas, Johan Gagniere, Olivier Bouché, Maud Toulmonde, Sebastien Salas, Jean-Yves Blay, Sylvie Bonvalot
BackgroundOesophageal GIST (ESOGIST) are very rare tumours requiring special consideration regarding diagnosis, surgical management, and perioperative treatment.MethodsA retrospective study was conducted across 9 centres in the French Sarcoma Group (FSG) to characterize all patients in the years 2000-2014.ResultsSeventeen patients (pts) with primary localized ESOGIST were identified, with median age 69 years (36-81) and 11 females. Eight tumours (T) occurred in the lower third of the oesophagus, five in the oesophageal gastric junction, two in the superior third, and two in the middle third. All pts underwent oesophagoscopy and/or endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and CT scan. Fifteen had EUS guided biopsy. Nine pts received imatinib (IM) as initial treatment resulting in six PR, three SD. Tumours were resected in nine pts (53%) (7 upfront, 2 after IM); via enucleation in four (44%) [median size 4 cm], oesophagectomy in five (56%) [median size 10 cm]. Resections were R0 in three pts (33%), R1 in six (66%). Eight pts (47%) had no tumour resection, and one patient was never treated. Six pts received adjuvant IM. With a median follow-up of 24 months (7-101), 11 pts are alive (64.7%), five died (29.4%), one was lost to follow-up. Two pts of 4 pts relapsed following enucleation.ConclusionsESOGIST can be reliably identified pre-operatively by EUS-guided biopsy. Surgery for ESOGIST is either enucleation or oesophagectomy depending on tumour size, location, and patient's individual surgical risk. Preoperative IM therapy could improve resectability and should be considered if surgery is contraindicated or would lead to negative impact on the functional status of the patient.



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Scholar : International Journal of Molecular Medicine - Volume:39 Number:4

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TABLE OF CONTENTS April-2017 Volume 39 Issue 4

Senescence of mesenchymal stem cells (Review) Yi Li, Qiong Wu, Yujia Wang, Li Li, Hong Bu, Ji Bao View Abstract ❯

Fisetin regulates astrocyte migration and proliferation in vitro Nan Wang, Fang Yao, Ke Li, Lanlan Zhang, Guo Yin, Mingjun Du, Bingyi Wu View Abstract ❯

MicroRNA-182 prevents vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation via FGF9/PDGFRβ signaling Nana Dong, Wei Wang, Jinwei Tian, Zulong Xie, Bo Lv, Jiannan Dai, Rui Jiang, Dan Huang, Shaohong Fang, Jiangtian Tian, Hulun Li, Bo Yu View Abstract ❯

ROCK/actin/MRTF signaling promotes the fibrogenic phenotype of fibroblast-like synoviocytes derived from the temporomandibular joint Seiji Yokota, Naoyuki Chosa, Seiko Kyakumoto, Hitomichi Kimura, Miho Ibi, Masaharu Kamo, Kazuro Satoh, Akira Ishisaki View Abstract ❯

Prostate apoptosis response 4 (PAR4) expression modulates WNT signaling pathways in MCF7 breast cancer cells: A possible mechanism underlying PAR4-mediated docetaxel chemosensitivity Simone Aparecida de Bessa Garcia, Ana Carolina Pavanelli, Natália Cruz e Melo, Maria Aparecida Nagai View Abstract ❯

Protective effect of naringin against the LPS-induced apoptosis of PC12 cells: Implications for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders Hui Wang, You Song Xu, Miao Lin Wang, Chao Cheng, Rui Bian, Hao Yuan, Yi Wang, Ting Guo, Lin Lin Zhu, Hang Zhou View Abstract ❯

Autophagy induction in the skeletal myogenic differentiation of human tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells Saeyoung Park, Yoonyoung Choi, Namhee Jung, Jieun Kim, Seiyoon Oh, Yeonsil Yu, Jung-Hyuck Ahn, Inho Jo, Byung-Ok Choi, Sung-Chul Jung View Abstract ❯

AJS1669, a novel small-molecule muscle glycogen synthase activator, improves glucose metabolism and reduces body fat mass in mice Kazuhiro Nakano, Sen Takeshita, Noriko Kawasaki, Wataru Miyanaga, Yoriko Okamatsu, Mizuki Dohi, Tadakiyo Nakagawa View Abstract ❯

Albumin-based nanoparticles as methylprednisolone carriers for targeted delivery towards the neonatal Fc receptor in glomerular podocytes Lin Wu, Mingyu Chen, Huijuan Mao, Ningning Wang, Bo Zhang, Xiufen Zhao, Jun Qian, Changying Xing View Abstract ❯

Overexpression of wild-type p21Ras plays a prominent role in colorectal cancer Shuang Bai, Qiang Feng, Xin-Yan Pan, Hong Zou, Hao-Bin Chen, Peng Wang, Xin-Liang Zhou, Yan-Ling Hong, Shu-Ling Song, Ju-Lun Yang View Abstract ❯

Minocycline attenuates sevoflurane-induced cell injury via activation of Nrf2 Yue Tian, Xiuying Wu, Shanbin Guo, Ling Ma, Wei Huang, Xiaochun Zhao View Abstract ❯

Homemade-device-induced negative pressure promotes wound healing more efficiently than VSD-induced positive pressure by regulating inflammation, proliferation and remodeling Jinyan Liu, Feng Hu, Jintian Tang, Shijie Tang, Kun Xia, Song Wu, Chaoqi Yin, Shaohua Wang, Quanyong He, Huiqing Xie, Jianda Zhou View Abstract ❯

Consumption of policosanol enhances HDL functionality via CETP inhibition and reduces blood pressure and visceral fat in young and middle-aged subjects Jae-Yong Kim, Seong-Min Kim, Suk-Jeong Kim, Eun-Young Lee, Jae-Ryong Kim, Kyung-Hyun Cho View Abstract ❯

MicroRNA-7 functions as a tumor-suppressor gene by regulating ILF2 in pancreatic carcinoma Yiliang Bi, Wei Shen, Min Min, Yan Liu View Abstract ❯

Tissue engineered vascularized periosteal flap enriched with MSC/EPCs for the treatment of large bone defects in rats Christoph Nau, Dirk Henrich, Caroline Seebach, Katrin Schröder, John H. Barker, Ingo Marzi, Johannes Frank View Abstract ❯

Comparison of the proliferation, migration and angiogenic properties of human amniotic epithelial and mesenchymal stem cells and their effects on endothelial cells Qianqian Wu, Tao Fang, Hongxin Lang, Min Chen, Ping Shi, Xining Pang, Guoxian Qi View Abstract ❯

Overexpression of TMPRSS4 promotes tumor proliferation and aggressiveness in breast cancer Xiao-Mei Li, Wen-Lou Liu, Xu Chen, Ya-Wen Wang, Duan-Bo Shi, Hui Zhang, Ran-Ran Ma, Hai-Ting Liu, Xiang-Yu Guo, Feng Hou, Ming Li, Peng Gao View Abstract ❯

Transplantation of betatrophin-expressing adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells induces β-cell proliferation in diabetic mice Liang-Liang Sun, Tian-Jin Liu, Limei Li, Wei Tang, Jun-Jie Zou, Xiang-Fang Chen, Jiao-Yang Zheng, Bei-Ge Jiang, Yong-Quan Shi View Abstract ❯

Kindlin-1 contributes to EGF-induced re-epithelialization in skin wound healing Congcong Shen, Linlin Sun, Ningwen Zhu, Fazhi Qi View Abstract ❯

Fenofibrate exerts protective effects against gentamicin-induced toxicity in cochlear hair cells by activating antioxidant enzymes Channy Park, Hye-Min Ji, Se-Jin Kim, Sung-Hee Kil, Joon No Lee, Seongae Kwak, Seong-Kyu Choe, Raekil Park View Abstract ❯

A long-lasting dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, teneligliptin, as a preventive drug for the development of hepatic steatosis in high-fructose diet-fed ob/ob mice Ken Nakamura, Shinya Fukunishi, Keisuke Yokohama, Hideko Ohama, Yusuke Tsuchimoto, Akira Asai, Yasuhiro Tsuda, Kazuhide Higuchi View Abstract ❯

Icaritin, a novel plant-derived osteoinductive agent, enhances the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow- and human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells Tao Wu, Tao Shu, Le Kang, Jinhui Wu, Jianzhou Xing, Zhiqin Lu, Shuxiang Chen, Jun Lv View Abstract ❯

Tetrandrine prevents multidrug resistance in the osteosarcoma cell line, U-2OS, by preventing Pgp overexpression through the inhibition of NF-κB signaling Yandong Lu, Fangguo Li, Tao Xu, Jie Sun View Abstract ❯

Heat shock protein 90/Akt pathway participates in the cardioprotective effect of exogenous hydrogen sulfide against high glucose-induced injury to H9c2 cells Xiao Ke, Jingfu Chen, Longyun Peng, Wei Zhang, Yiying Yang, Xinxue Liao, Liqiu Mo, Ruixian Guo, Jianqiang Feng, Chengheng Hu, Ruqiong Nie View Abstract ❯

Possible protective role of the ABCA4 gene c.1268A>G missense variant in Stargardt disease and syndromic retinitis pigmentosa in a Sicilian family: Preliminary data Rosalia D'Angelo, Luigi Donato, Isabella Venza, Concetta Scimone, Pasquale Aragona, Antonina Sidoti View Abstract ❯

3'-Daidzein sulfonate sodium inhibits neuronal apoptosis induced by cerebral ischemia-reperfusion Ruizhen Liu, Xinming Zhong, Jing Zeng, Zhihua Huang, Xiao Li, Hai Xiao, Qin Chen, Dongliang Li View Abstract ❯

Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist ameliorates the insulin resistance function of islet β cells via the activation of PDX-1/JAK signaling transduction in C57/BL6 mice with high-fat diet-induced diabetes Tao Hao, Hongtao Zhang, Sheyu Li, Haoming Tian View Abstract ❯

ICT1 knockdown inhibits breast cancer cell growth via induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis Chen Wang, Chenlu Liang, Weiliang Feng, Xianghou Xia, Feng Chen, Enqi Qiao, Xiping Zhang, Daobao Chen, Zhiqiang Ling, Hongjian Yang View Abstract ❯

Regulation of Runx2 by microRNA-9 and microRNA-10 modulates the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells Hong Luo, Hualin Gao, Fang Liu, Bing Qiu View Abstract ❯

Incretins amplify TNF-α-stimulated IL-6 synthesis in osteoblasts: Suppression of the IκB/NF-κB pathway Kazuhiko Fujita, Haruhiko Tokuda, Naohiro Yamamoto, Shingo Kainuma, Tetsu Kawabata, Go Sakai, Gen Kuroyanagi, Rie Matsushima‑Nishiwaki, Atsushi Harada, Osamu Kozawa, Takanobu Otsuka View Abstract ❯

5-7 October, 2017, Metropolitan Hotel, Athens, Greece 22nd World Congress on Advances in Oncology & 20th International Symposium on Molecular Medicine 3-4 October 2017, Pre-Congress Workshop: 'Next-Generation Sequencing – Library construction and quality control'

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Photodynamic Therapy Effective for the Treatment of Actinic Keratosis and Basal Cell Carcinoma in Bullous Pemphigoid Patients

Publication date: Available online 1 April 2017
Source:Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy
Author(s): Theresa N. Canavan, Salma Faghri de la Feld, Conway Huang, Naveed Sami
Treating skin cancers and extensive actinic keratosis in patients with bullous pemphigoid (BP) can be challenging. Treatment options pose unique risks in these patients as surgical wounds can have delayed wound healing and photodynamic therapy (PDT) may exacerbate their blistering disease. We report the successful use of PDT to treat actinic keratosis and skin cancers in two patients with BP, both of whom had excellent response to PDT and tolerated treatment without any bullous disease flares. Carefully selected patients with skin cancers and stable, well controlled BP can be safely considered for treatment using PDT.



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Expression and splicing of Ikaros family members in murine and human thymocytes

Publication date: July 2017
Source:Molecular Immunology, Volume 87
Author(s): Julie L. Mitchell, Amara Seng, Thomas M. Yankee
The Ikaros family of transcription factors includes five highly homologous members that can homodimerize or heterodimerize in any combination. Dimerization is essential for their ability to bind DNA and function as transcription factors. Previous studies showed that eliminating the function of the entire family blocks lymphocyte development while deletion of individual family members has relatively minor defects. These data indicate that multiple family members function during T cell development, so we examined the changes in expression of each family member as thymocytes progressed from the CD4⁻CD8⁻ double negative (DN) to the CD4⁺CD8⁺ double positive (DP) developmental stage. Further, we compared the expression of each family member in murine and human thymocytes. In both species, Ikaros and Aiolos mRNA levels increased as thymocytes progressed through the DN to DP transition, but the corresponding increases in protein levels were only observed in mice. Further, Ikaros and Aiolos underwent extensive alternative splicing in mice, whereas only Ikaros was extensively spliced in humans. Helios mRNA and protein levels decreased during murine T cell development, but increased during human T cell development. These differences in the expression and splicing of Ikaros family members between human and murine thymocytes strongly suggest that the Ikaros family of transcription factors regulates murine and human T cell development differently, although the similarities across Ikaros family members may allow different proteins to fulfill similar functions.



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