Publication date: Available online 2 October 2017
Source:American Journal of Infection Control
Author(s): Zumrut Sahbudak Bal, Nur Bekmezci, Mehmet Soylu, Semra Sen, Gulhadiye Avcu, Sohret Aydemir, Fadil Vardar
BackgroundCarbapenem-resistant gram-negative (CRGN) infections have been increasing in recent years and associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and health care costs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiologic and clinical risk characteristics, risk factors, and outcome of CRGN infections and to compare with carbapenem-sensitive gram-negative (CSGN) infections in children.MethodsNewly diagnosed CRGN infections in hospitalized children younger than age 18 years were prospectively recorded and all patients infected with a CSGN pathogen in the same unit within 48 hours of diagnosis were included in a control group between April 1, 2014, and December 31, 2014.ResultsTwenty-seven patients with CRGN infections and 28 patients with CSGN infections were enrolled in this study. Ventilator-associated pneumonia was the most common type of infection in both groups. Prior exposure to carbapenems (relative risk [RR], 11.368; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.311-98.589), prolonged hospitalization (RR, 5.100; 95% CI, 1.601-16.242) were found to be independent risk factors for acquiring CRGN infections. Septic shock was significantly more frequent in the CRGN group (RR, 9.450; 95% CI, 1.075-83.065). The in-hospital mortality was higher in the CRGN group (RR, 7.647; 95% CI, 1.488-39.290).ConclusionsPrior carbapenem exposure and prolonged hospitalization are the most important risk factors for acquiring CRGN infections in our hospital. This study demonstrated, similar to previous reports, that carbapenem resistance increases morbidity, mortality, and health care costs.
http://ift.tt/2xNCAac
Δευτέρα 2 Οκτωβρίου 2017
The prospective evaluation of risk factors and clinical influence of carbapenem resistance in children with gram-negative bacteria infection
Nurse-driven protocols and the prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infections: A systematic review
Source:American Journal of Infection Control
Author(s): Danielle J. Durant
BackgroundCatheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) are one of the most common hospital-acquired conditions and no longer reimbursable from Medicare as of 2008. Nurse-driven protocols (NDPs), which provide a medically approved rubric for professional nurses to make autonomous care decisions, can facilitate appropriate catheter use and timely removal, as advised in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's 2009 CAUTI prevention guidelines. However, little attempt has been made to systematically evaluate their effect on clinical outcomes.MethodsA systematic review of studies published in the United States since 2006 was performed, following guidelines from the Institute of Medicine. Sources included CINAHL, Medline, professional agencies, hand-searching, and expert consultation. Clinical predictors and prevalence of CAUTI were examined and synthesized qualitatively; heterogeneity of outcomes made a statistical meta-analysis inappropriate.ResultsTwenty-nine studies were found eligible for inclusion. All used a case-control (pre-post) approach, and all reported reductions in clinical predictors of CAUTI, particularly indwelling-urinary catheter utilization and CAUTI rates. However, the number of CAUTIs remained unchanged in 1 study. A formal quality assessment revealed a high risk of bias; included studies met an average of 4.9 out of 11 quality indicators. Specifically, many did not use standardized measures.ConclusionsNDPs appear to have a positive impact on the clinical predictors and prevalence of CAUTI. However, this review identified need for improving the study design of quality improvement projects conducted within the patient care setting.
http://ift.tt/2yTXtOA
The effect of reducing the incidence of gastrointestinal complications in patients treated with aspirin, referred to Imam Hospital, of Ahvaz, Iran
Source:Data in Brief
Author(s): Abdalrahim Masjedizade, Mohammad Javad Mohammadi, Saeed Yazdankhah, Atefeh Roumi, Arman Shahriari, Sahar Geravandi
This research contains data which were obtained during the analysis of treated patients with aspirin who were referred to Imam Hospital (Imam H) of Ahvaz, Iran; and the effect of this type of treatment (Helicobacter pylori eradicate (HPE)) on reducing the incidence of gastrointestinal complications. Studies have shown that taking aspirin in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with a decreasing risk of gastrointestinal bleeding (O'connor et al., 2013) [1]. In this study, 165 patients with positive helicobacter pylori infection test were chosen among those who were referred to Imam H. In this paper, the effects of sex, smoking, renal failer, diabetes, age, blood pressure and aspirin consumption have been studied (Lai et al., 2002) [1]. After completion of the observations and records of patient's medical records, the obtained coded data were fed into EXCELL. Data analysis was performed, using SPSS 16.
http://ift.tt/2xO8aSK
Practice variation amongst preventive child healthcare professionals in the prevention of child maltreatment in the Netherlands: qualitative and quantitative data
Source:Data in Brief
Author(s): Simeon J.A. Visscher, Henk F. van Stel
This article provides both qualitative and quantitative data on practice variation amongst preventive child healthcare professionals in the prevention of child maltreatment in the Netherlands. Qualitative data consist of topics identified during interviews with 11 experts (with quotes), resulting in an online survey. The quantitative data are survey responses from 1104 doctors and nurses working in 29 preventive child healthcare organizations. Additionally, the interview topic list, the qualitative data analysis methodology, the survey (in English and Dutch) and anonymized raw survey data (http://ift.tt/2xPsSl5) are provided as well. This data-in-brief article accompanies the paper "Variation in prevention of child maltreatment by Dutch child healthcare professionals" by Simeon Visscher and Henk van Stel [1].
http://ift.tt/2xTfOwD
Gel-based and gel-free proteome data associated with controlled deterioration treatment of Glycine max seeds
Source:Data in Brief
Author(s): Cheol Woo Min, Seo Hyun Lee, Ye Eun Cheon, Won Young Han, Jong Min Ko, Hang Won Kang, Yong Chul Kim, Ganesh Kumar Agrawal, Randeep Rakwal, Ravi Gupta, Sun Tae Kim
Data presented are associated with the article: "In-depth proteomic analysis of soybean (Glycine max) seeds during controlled deterioration treatment (CDT) reveals a shift in seed metabolism" [1]. Seed deterioration is one of the major problems, affecting the seed quality, viability, and vigor in a negative manner. Here, we display the gel-based and gel-free proteomic data, associated with the CDT in soybean seeds. The present data was obtained from 2-DE, shotgun proteomic analysis (label-free quantitative proteomic analysis) using Q-Exactive, and gene ontology data associated with CDT in soybean seeds [1].
http://ift.tt/2xTfbDw
Sediment textural characteristics and Elemental distribution in the core sediments, Pullivasal and Kurusadai Island, Gulf of Mannar, Southeast coast of India
Source:Data in Brief
Author(s): P. Saravanan, S. Krishnakumar©, P. Parthasarathy, Judith D Silva, D. Pradhap
Two core samples were collected in order to assess the textual characteristics and elemental distribution of the sediments, from the lagoonal environment of Pullivasal and Kurusadai island, Gulf of Mannar, Southeast coast of India. The distribution of the organic matter and calcium carbonate is chiefly controlled by the coral debris, shell fragments and mangrove litters. The elemental distribution is controlled by natural process and other trace elements are controlled by anthropogenic land based activities.
http://ift.tt/2xP8aSy
Data on peptides identified by mass spectrometry analysis of in vitro DYRK1A-mediated phosphorylation sites on GLI1
Source:Data in Brief
Author(s): Ben K. Ehe, David R. Lamson, Michael Tarpley, Rob U. Onyenwoke, Lee M. Graves, Kevin P. Williams
The data presented in this article supports the accompanying research article "Identification of a DYRK1A-mediated phosphorylation site within the nuclear localization sequence of the hedgehog transcription factor GLI1" (Ehe et al., 2017) [1]. Although it has been demonstrated that DYRK1A (dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase 1A) can phosphorylate the hedgehog pathway transcription factor GLI1 (GLIoma-associated oncogene homolog 1) the exact DYRK1A-mediated sites of phosphorylation on GLI1 were unknown. This article details the mass spectrometry methods and resulting dataset for the peptides identified from GLI1 when incubated with DYRK1A under varying conditions. The data includes details of sequence coverage and all phospho-peptides identified.
http://ift.tt/2xTdKoE
Supplementary data for the mechanism for cleavage of three typical glucosidic bonds induced by hydroxyl free radical
Source:Data in Brief
Author(s): Yujie Dai, Chunfu Shao, Yingai Piao, Huiqian Hu, Kui Lu, Tongcun Zhang, Xiuli Zhang, Shiru Jia, Min Wang, Shuli Man
The data presented in this article are related to the research article entitled "The mechanism for cleavage of three typical glucosidic bonds induced by hydroxyl free radical" (Y. Dai, C. Shao, Y. Piao, H. Hu, K. Lu, T. Zhang, X. Zhang, S. Jia, M. Wang, S. Man, 2017) [1]. This article includes the structures of three kinds of disaccharides such as maltose, fructose and cellobiose, the diagrammatic sketch of the hydrogen abstraction reaction of the disaccharides by hydroxyl radical, the structure of the transition states for pyran ring opening of moiety A and cleavage of α(1→2) glycosidic bond starting from the hydrogen abstraction of C6–H in moiety A of sucrose, the transition state structure for cleavage of α(1→2) glycosidic bond starting from the hydrogen abstraction of C1'-H in moiety B of sucrose, the transition state structure, sketch for the reaction process and relative energy change of the reaction pathway for direct cleavage of α(1→4) glycosidic bond starting from hydrogen abstraction of C6'–H of moiety B of maltose.
http://ift.tt/2xOowL7
Expression of Genes for Methylxanthine Pathway-Associated Enzymes Accompanied by Sex Steroid Receptor Status Impacts Breast Carcinoma Progression
Abstract
Consumption of methylxanthine alkaloids appears to induce activities by antagonizing adenosine receptors, implicated in breast cancer behavior in vitro. Our goal was to evaluate expression of genes for methylxanthine receptors and metabolizing enzymes to assess risk of breast carcinoma recurrence. Clinical outcomes, estrogen/progestin receptor results, and gene expression assays guided selection. RNA was isolated from laser capture microdissection-procured carcinoma cells for microarray using established protocols. Gene expression levels of eight methylxanthine receptors, eight metabolizing enzymes, and various phosphodiesterases were retrieved from microarray results. Univariable Cox regressions and Kaplan-Meier plots were determined for each gene with R software. Individually, lower expressions of PDE4A, CYP2A6, or CYP2E were related to decreased progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). PDE1A over-expression predicted decreased PFS and OS. ADORA2B and RYR1 over-expressions predicted diminished OS. ER+ cancers exhibited lower ADORA1, ADORA2B, and RYR1 and elevated PDE4A, CYP2A6, and CYP2E expressions. Of PR+ carcinomas, diminished ADORA2B and RYR1 and elevated expressions of ADORA3, PDE4A, CYP2C8, and CYP2E were noted. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) revealed that CYP2E, PDE1A, and PDE4A expressions collectively predicted PFS whereas ADORA1, CYP2E, PDE1A, PDE1B, and PDE4A expressions jointly predicted OS. Models were clinically significant when validated externally. LASSO also derived a six-gene model and five-gene model that predicted PFS of ER− or PR− carcinomas, respectively. Similarly, five-gene and four-gene models predicted OS in ER− or PR− carcinomas, respectively. Collectively, expression of genes involved in methylxanthine action and metabolism in single-cell types predicted clinical outcomes of breast carcinoma indicating promise for developing diagnostics and design of new therapeutics.
http://ift.tt/2wtducH
Proteomic analysis of the glutathione-deficient LEGSKO mouse lens reveals activation of EMT signaling, loss of lens specific markers, and changes in stress response proteins
Publication date: December 2017
Source:Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Volume 113
Author(s): Jeremy A. Whitson, Phillip A. Wilmarth, John Klimek, Vincent M. Monnier, Larry David, Xingjun Fan
PurposeTo determine global protein expression changes in the lens of the GSH-deficient LEGSKO mouse model of age-related cataract for comparison with recently published gene expression data obtained by RNA-Seq transcriptome analysis.MethodsLenses were separated into epithelial and cortical fiber sections, digested with trypsin, and labeled with isobaric tags (10-plex TMTTM). Peptides were analyzed by LC-MS/MS (Orbitrap Fusion) and mapped to the mouse proteome for relative protein quantification.Results1871 proteins in lens epithelia and 870 proteins in lens fiber cells were quantified. 40 proteins in LEGSKO epithelia, 14 proteins in LEGSKO fiber cells, 22 proteins in buthionine sulfoximine (BSO)-treated LEGSKO epithelia, and 55 proteins in BSO-treated LEGSKO fiber cells had significantly (p<0.05, FDR<0.1) altered protein expression compared to WT controls. HSF4 and MAF transcription factors were the most common upstream regulators of the response to GSH-deficiency. Many detoxification proteins, including aldehyde dehydrogenases, peroxiredoxins, and quinone oxidoreductase, were upregulated but several glutathione S-transferases were downregulated. Several cellular stress response proteins showed regulation changes, including an upregulation of HERPUD1, downregulation of heme oxygenase, and mixed changes in heat shock proteins. NRF2-regulated proteins showed broad upregulation in BSO-treated LEGSKO fiber cells, but not in other groups. Strong trends were seen in downregulation of lens specific proteins, including β- and γ-crystallins, lengsin, and phakinin, and in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related changes. Western blot analysis of LEGSKO lens epithelia confirmed expression changes in several proteins.ConclusionsThis dataset confirms at the proteomic level many findings from the recently determined GSH-deficient lens transcriptome and provides new insight into the roles of GSH in the lens, how the lens adapts to oxidative stress, and how GSH affects EMT in the lens.
Graphical abstract
http://ift.tt/2g5bjpv
Radiologists are actually well-positioned to innovate in patient experience
Source:Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology
Author(s): Ravi V. Gottumukkala, Thang Q. Le, Richard Duszak, Anand M. Prabhakar
Patient experience is becoming increasingly prioritized, most notably as a component of recently passed healthcare legislation that aims to link physician reimbursement to quality of care and cost effectiveness. For several reasons, radiologists are better positioned to seize opportunities to enhance patient experience than is readily apparent. We propose that discrete components along the imaging value chain can be evaluated specifically for their impact on patient experience and improved to this end. We also emphasize that the field of radiology has traditionally been the earliest adopter and a serial innovator in health information technology, and we suggest possible ways to leverage the newest technological tools to improve patient experience. Finally, we discuss how carefully vetted opportunities for direct patient interaction might expand the reach of diagnostic radiologists as members of integrated health systems. We believe that emerging patient experience metrics present unconventional opportunities for radiologists to make imaging even more meaningful for the many patients who entrust us with their care.
http://ift.tt/2xPcwJi
A prospective study evaluating the utility of a 2-mm biopsy margin for complete removal of histologically atypical (dysplastic) nevi
Publication date: Available online 2 October 2017
Source:Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Author(s): Vitaly Terushkin, Elise Ng, Jennifer A. Stein, Susan Katz, David E. Cohen, Shane Meehan, David Polsky
BackgroundComplete removal of individual dysplastic nevi (DN) is often accomplished by a second surgical procedure after the initial biopsy. The choice to perform the second procedure is strongly influenced by histopathologic margin status of the initial biopsy specimen.ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical and histopathologic outcomes of in toto biopsy of DN using a predetermined margin of normal skin.MethodsWe conducted a prospective study of a saucerization method using a defined 2-mm margin in patients undergoing biopsy of a pigmented skin lesion.ResultsWe performed 151 biopsies in 138 patients. Overall, 137 of 151 lesions subjected to biopsy (90.7%) were melanocytic: 86 DN (57.0%), 40 nevi without atypia (26.5%), and 11 melanomas (7.3%). Of 78 DN, 68 (87.2%) were removed with clear histopathologic margins (8 DN were excluded because of inadequate processing). There was no clinical evidence of recurrence at any of the biopsy sites that were simply observed (i.e., not re-excised) over a median of 16.9 months.LimitationsThere were few biopsies performed on the face.ConclusionsThe complete histopathologic removal of nearly 9 of 10 DN using a peripheral margin of 2 mm of normal skin and a depth at the dermis and subcutaneous fat junction has the potential to decrease second procedures at DN biopsy sites, thereby decreasing patient morbidity and saving health care dollars.
http://ift.tt/2xL6Su3
Observational Study of Definitive (Chemo)Radiotherapy on Patients With Esophageal Cancer
Intervention:
Sponsors: Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Hebei Medical University Fourth Hospital; Fujian Cancer Hospital; Anyang Tumor Hospital; The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University; Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University; Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital; Beijing Hospital; Tengzhou Central People's Hospital; PLA Army General Hospital
Recruiting
http://ift.tt/2xaRqYM
MiR-484 promotes non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) progression through inhibiting Apaf-1 associated with the suppression of apoptosis
Publication date: December 2017
Source:Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 96
Author(s): Tao Li, Zong-Li Ding, Yu-Long Zheng, Wei Wang
Increasing studies have indicated that the dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with tumorigenesis, development and even the poor prognosis of a variety of tumors, including the non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here in our study, we found that miRNA-484 was expressed highly in NSCLC clinical tumor samples in comparison to the matched adjacent tissues. In addition, high and low expression of miRNA-484 was observed in NSCLC cell lines and lung normal cells, respectively. Furthermore, the capability of migration and proliferation changed accompanied with the altered expression of miR-484 in NSCLC. Apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (APAF-1), frequently down-regulated in a number of types of cancer, was found to be reduced in NSCLC tissue samples or NSCLC cell lines along with high expression of miR-484, which were inversely expressed in Apaf-1 over-expressed tissues or cells. Moreover, miR-484 triggered the migration and proliferation, and simultaneously reduced the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-2 (PARP-2) and Caspase-3 of A549 cells, which could be suppressed by the improvement of Apaf-1. And the inhibition of Apaf-1 could reverse the function caused by miR-484 in A549 cells, suggesting that Apaf-1 was targeted by miR-484 directly and it could be acted as a potential therapeutic target against NSCLC. In conclusion, the reductive Apaf-1 regulated by miR-484 accelerated the NSCLC cell progression associated with the inhibition of apoptosis via down-regulating Caspase-3 and PARP cleavage.
http://ift.tt/2fK6l4P
Label-free quantitative proteomic analysis of drought stress-responsive late embryogenesis abundant proteins in the seedling leaves of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes
Publication date: Available online 2 October 2017
Source:Journal of Proteomics
Author(s): Na Li, Shuai Zhang, Yajun Liang, Yuhong Qi, Juan Chen, Weining Zhu, Linsheng Zhang
Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins are highly hydrophilic proteins with key roles in environmental stress responses. In this study, we performed the first survey of the LEA proteome in seedling leaves from two wheat genotypes subjected to drought stress, i.e., Shaanhe 6 (SH, drought-tolerant) and Zhengyin 1 (ZY, drought-sensitive). After isolating the LEA subpopulation by treating total soluble proteins with heating combined with 1% trichloroacetic acid treatment that was assessed by Western blotting of dehydrins, label-free proteomic analysis identified 38 LEA proteins or homologues belonging to seven LEA subfamilies in the two genotypes. The abundances of over half of the LEA proteins changed significantly after drought stress and they were involved in protection against drought, with at least 20 in SH and 14 in ZY. We found that the common differentially expressed LEA proteins increased in abundance more in the SH genotype compared with the ZY genotype, and six LEA proteins were significantly upregulated exclusively in the SH genotype, which may contribute to higher drought tolerance in SH. We also identified 221 non-LEA proteins from 12 functional categories. Our results provide a deeper understanding of the LEA expression patterns in response to drought stress in two wheat genotypes.SignificanceWe identified 38 LEA proteins or homologues from different LEA families in two wheat genotypes, thereby indicating the complex and versatile protective roles of LEA proteins in drought stress resistance. Moreover, the abundance of differentially expressed LEA proteins increased more in the SH genotype compared with the ZY genotype, and several LEA proteins with significant upregulation only in the SH genotype may contribute to its higher tolerance of drought stress. 221 non-LEA proteins were differentially accumulated in at least one of the SH and ZY genotypes. They are involved mainly with 12 biological functions and they might explain different drought responses of the two genotypes. The differentially expressed LEA and non-LEA proteins may be potential markers of drought tolerance to facilitate wheat breeding, particularly those that were specifically upregulated in the SH genotype, or with opposing expression patterns in the two genotypes.
Graphical abstract
http://ift.tt/2g3VCyW
Scholar : Research in Drama Education: The Journal of Applied Theatre and Performance, Volume 22, Issue 4, November 2017 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online
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Scholar : These new articles for Archives and Manuscripts are available online
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Scholar : These new articles for African Security Review are available online
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Ozone flux in plant ecosystems: new opportunities for long-term monitoring networks to deliver ozone-risk assessments
Abstract
Ozone (O3) is a photochemically formed reactive gas responsible for a decreasing carbon assimilation in plant ecosystems. Present in the atmosphere in trace concentrations (less than 100 ppbv), this molecule is capable of inhibiting carbon assimilation in agricultural and forest ecosystems. Ozone-risk assessments are typically based on manipulative experiments. Present regulations regarding critical ozone levels are mostly based on an estimated accumulated exposure over a given threshold concentration. There is however a scientific consensus over flux estimates being more accurate, because they include plant physiology analyses and different environmental parameters that control the uptake—that is, not just the exposure—of O3. While O3 is a lot more difficult to measure than other non-reactive greenhouse gases, UV-based and chemiluminescence sensors enable precise and fast measurements and are therefore highly desirable for eddy covariance studies. Using micrometeorological techniques in association with latent heat flux measurements in the field allows for the partition of ozone fluxes into the stomatal and non-stomatal sinks along the soil-plant continuum. Long-term eddy covariance measurements represent a key opportunity in estimating carbon assimilation at high-temporal resolutions, in an effort to study the effect of climate change on photosynthetic mechanisms. Our aim in this work is to describe potential of O3 flux measurement at the canopy level for ozone-risk assessment in established long-term monitoring networks.
http://ift.tt/2kf1KJi
Investigation of cosolvent application to enhance POPs’ mass transfer in partitioning passive sampling in sediment
Abstract
The freely dissolved concentration of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is one of the most important parameters for risk assessment in aquatic environments, due to its proportionality to the chemical activity. Chemical activity difference represents the driving force for a spontaneous contaminant transport, such as water-aquatic biota or water-sediment. Freely dissolved concentrations in sediment pore water can be estimated from the concentrations in a partition-based passive sampler equilibrated in suspensions of contaminated sediment. Equilibration in the sediment/passive sampler system is slow, since concentrations of most POPs in the water phase, which is the main route for mass transfer, are very low. Adding methanol to sediment in suspension increases the POPs' solubility and, consequently, the permeability in the water phase. The resulting higher aqueous concentrations enhance POPs mass transfer up to three times for investigated POPs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides) and shorten equilibrium attainment to less than 6 weeks. The addition of methanol to the aqueous phase up to a molar fraction of 0.2 changed the POPs equilibrium distribution ratio between sediment and passive sampler by less than a factor of two. As a result, the pore water concentrations of POPs, calculated from their amounts accumulated in a passive sampler, are affected by methanol addition not more than by the same factor.
http://ift.tt/2x8UIXF
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Publication date: September 2017 Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Volume 110 Author(s): Lucía Fernández-del-Río, Anish Nag, Elen...
