Noncolorectal gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies are among the most frequently diagnosed cancers. Despite the undeniable progress in systemic treatments in recent decades, further improvements using cytotoxic chemotherapy seem unlikely. In this setting, recent discoveries regarding the mechanism underlying immune evasion have prompted the study of molecules capable of inducing strong antitumor responses. Thus, according to early data, immunotherapy is a very promising tool for the treatment of patients with GI malignancies. Noncolorectal GI cancers are a major public health problem worldwide. Traditional treatment options, such as chemotherapy, surgery, radiation therapy, monoclonal antibodies and antiangiogenic agents, have been the backbone of treatment for various stages of GI cancers, but overall mortality remains a major problem. Thus, there is a substantial unmet need for new drugs and therapies to further improve the outcomes of treatment for noncolorectal GI malignancies. "Next-generation" immunotherapy is emerging as an effective and promising treatment option in several types of cancers. Therefore, encouraged by this recent success, many clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors and other strategies in treating noncolorectal GI malignancies are ongoing. This review will summarize the current clinical progress of modern immunotherapy in the field of noncolorectal GI tumors.
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Πέμπτη 18 Οκτωβρίου 2018
Current approaches to immunotherapy in noncolorectal gastrointestinal malignancies
Moisturizers versus Current and Next-Generation Barrier Repair Therapy for the Management of Atopic Dermatitis
We compare here the principal characteristics of over-the-counter moisturizers with physiologic lipid-based barrier repair therapy. Moisturizers are standard ancillary therapy for anti-inflammatory skin disorders, like atopic dermatitis (AD), and can attenuate the emergence of AD, the initial step in the "atopic march." But not all moisturizers are beneficial; some can make skin function worse, and can even induce inflammation, possibly accounting for the frequent occurrence of "sensitive skin" in women. In contrast, physiologic lipid-based barrier repair therapy, if comprised of the 3 key stratum corneum lipids, in sufficient quantities and at an appropriate molar ratio, can correct the barrier abnormality and reduce inflammation in AD, and perhaps in other inflammatory dermatoses.
Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2019;32:1–7
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Rheology of hyaluronic acid and dynamic facial rejuvenation: Topographical specificities
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, Volume 17, Issue 5, Page 736-743, October 2018.
https://ift.tt/2CrAaj9
JCD Commentary for September 2018
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, Volume 17, Issue 5, Page 649-649, October 2018.
https://ift.tt/2CQ54mD
Issue Information
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, Volume 17, Issue 5, Page 643-644, October 2018.
https://ift.tt/2CtjyYH
Issue Information
International Journal of Cosmetic Science, Volume 40, Issue 5, Page i-iv, October 2018.
https://ift.tt/2P9c1EX
Autoimmunity risk- and protection-associated IL7RA genetic variants differentially affect soluble and membrane IL-7Rα expression
Publication date: Available online 17 October 2018
Source: Journal of Autoimmunity
Author(s): Christian Lundtoft, Julia Seyfarth, Sonja Oberstrass, Joachim Rosenbauer, Christina Baechle, Michael Roden, Reinhard W. Holl, Ertan Mayatepek, Sebastian Kummer, Thomas Meissner, Marc Jacobsen
Abstract
Interleukin-7 receptor α-chain (IL7RA) haplotypes are associated with susceptibility to autoimmune diseases including type 1 diabetes (T1D). Previous studies found lower soluble IL-7Rα (sIL-7Rα) serum levels of the protection-associated IL7RA haplotype assumed to reduce IL-7 availability for self-reactive T cells. Also, a risk-associated IL7RA haplotype is accompanied by lower sIL-7Rα serum concentrations but no underlying mechanisms have been described and the causative polymorphism remains unknown.
Here, we characterized functional implications of the nonsynonymous rs1494558 (Thr66Ile), which tags the protection-associated IL7RA haplotype, in HEK293T cells and serum samples of T1D patients with different haplotype carriers. Influence of risk- and protection-associated haplotypes on IL-7Rα was analyzed.
The risk-associated Ile66 variant affected gel mobility and impaired secretion of the sIL-7Rα as well as expression of the membrane-associated (m)IL-7Rα in HEK293T cells. Serum sIL-7Rα analyses confirmed differential gel mobility of the Ile66 variant and found decreased sIL-7Rα serum levels of T1D patients carrying the Ile66-tagged haplotype. Differences in glycosylation were not causative for differential mobility but enhanced the effects on impaired secretion. Comparison of protection- and risk-associated haplotypes in a cell line-based in vitro model identified dominant effects of the protective haplotype tagged by rs6897932 (Ile244) on mIL-7Rα expression, whereas the risk haplotype mainly affected the sIL-7Rα.
This study identified novel functional effects of the Ile66 IL7RA variant and characterized features of autoimmunity risk- and protection-associated haplotypes. The findings add to our understanding of how these haplotypes regulate sIL-7Rα and mIL-7Rα expression in T cells causing differential susceptibility to autoimmune diseases.
Graphical abstract
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Oculomotor control after hemidecortication: One hemisphere encodes normal ipsilateral oblique anti-saccades
Publication date: Available online 17 October 2018
Source: Cortex
Author(s): Olga Savina, Daniel Guitton
Abstract
A critical question in neurology is how the brain reorganizes its structure and function following injury. Here, we consider oculomotor control following a massive brain lesion, a hemispherectomy. We used the oblique anti-saccade task which requires the suppression of a saccade towards a visual cue, flashed anywhere in a patient's seeing hemifield, and the generation, in the dark, of an anti-saccade to a task-dependent location in the opposite blind hemifield; inverting either the horizontal or both horizontal and vertical components. Anti-saccades require a visuo-motor vector inversion that normally involves bilateral interactions between frontal, parietal and subcortical structures across both hemispheres. Here, oblique anti-saccades presented a major challenge to the patient's single hemisphere, requiring one site in visual cortex to communicate with an instruction-dependent site in oculomotor cortex. Patients with discrete frontal lobe damage can be strongly impaired in anti-saccades. By contrast, hemispherectomy patients performed oblique anti-saccades normally, contrasting with their permanent contralesional hemianopia and severe hemiparesis.
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Scholar : Asian Englishes, Volume 20, Issue 3, November 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online
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Genome editing in Streptococcus mutans through self‐targeting CRISPR arrays
Molecular Oral Microbiology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
https://ift.tt/2yKFxXn
Use of multifilament nylon floss in onychocryptosis
Publication date: Available online 17 October 2018
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Author(s): Anuradha Bishnoi, Keshavamurthy Vinay, Sunil Dogra
https://ift.tt/2AiEboV
What do Patients Undergoing Mohs Micrographic Surgery Value? Results of a Patient Values Survey based on OAS-CAHPS
Publication date: Available online 17 October 2018
Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Author(s): Paul R. Massey, Ruibin Wang, Simi D. Cadmus, Katherine R. Sebastian, Matthew C. Fox
https://ift.tt/2QYCcLH
FGFR3-related hypochondroplasia: longitudinal growth in 57 children with the p.Asn540Lys mutation
Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Issue: Ahead of print
https://ift.tt/2EvdS2Q
The association of hs-CRP and fibrinogen with anthropometric and lipid parameters in non-obese adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome
Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Issue: Ahead of print
https://ift.tt/2RWAZ96
A case of yellow chromonychia and yellow skin induced by topical ascorbic acid
Australasian Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2NNNQqV
Combining topical tretinoin with mometasone furoate in the treatment of vulvar lichen sclerosus: Results of dermoscopic assessment
Dermatologic Therapy, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2Creh3Q
Evaluation of the scars’ vascularization using computer processing of the digital images
Skin Research and Technology, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2pXI903
Definition of psoriasis severity in routine clinical care: current guidelines fail to capture the complexity of long‐term psoriasis management
British Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2PFWGbQ
Efficacy and safety of brodalumab in patients with psoriasis who had inadequate responses to ustekinumab: subgroup analysis of two randomized phase 3 trials
British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
https://ift.tt/2P6bK5E
5‐aminolevulinic acid nanoemulsion (BF‐200 ALA) is more effective than methyl‐5‐aminolevulinate (MAL) in daylight photodynamic therapy for actinic keratosis: A non‐sponsored randomized double‐blind multicentre trial
British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
https://ift.tt/2PG6rqK
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Publication date: September 2017 Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Volume 110 Author(s): Lucía Fernández-del-Río, Anish Nag, Elen...
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Abstract Noise pollution is a major factor of environmental complaints in many cities, which has significant impacts on human health. As a...
