Integrative Transcriptome Analyses of Metabolic Responses in Mice Define Pivotal LncRNA Metabolic Regulators

Publication date: Available online 22 September 2016
Source:Cell Metabolism
Author(s): Ling Yang, Ping Li, Wenjing Yang, Xiangbo Ruan, Kurtis Kiesewetter, Jun Zhu, Haiming Cao
To systemically identify long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulating energy metabolism, we performed transcriptome analyses to simultaneously profile mRNAs and lncRNAs in key metabolic organs in mice under pathophysiologically representative metabolic conditions. Of 4,759 regulated lncRNAs, function-oriented filters yield 359 tissue-specifically regulated and metabolically sensitive lncRNAs that are predicted by lncRNA-mRNA correlation analyses to function in diverse aspects of energy metabolism. Specific regulations of liver metabolically sensitive lncRNAs (lncLMS) by nutrients, metabolic hormones, and key transcription factors were further defined in primary hepatocytes. Combining genome-wide screens, bioinformatics function predictions, and cell-based analyses, we developed an integrative roadmap to identify lncRNA metabolic regulators. An lncLMS was experimentally confirmed in mice to suppress lipogenesis by forming a negative feedback loop in the SREBP1c pathway. Taken together, this study supports that a class of lncRNAs function as important metabolic regulators and establishes a framework for systemically investigating the role of lncRNAs in physiological homeostasis.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

Yang et al. establish a comprehensive catalog of lncRNAs implicated in metabolic regulation and develop a roadmap to identify and characterize functional lncRNAs regulating energy metabolism in vivo. Using this approach, they validate Gm16551 as a lncRNA negative regulator of SREBP1c activity and lipogenesis in the mouse liver.


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Single-Cell Transcriptome Profiling of Human Pancreatic Islets in Health and Type 2 Diabetes

Publication date: Available online 22 September 2016
Source:Cell Metabolism
Author(s): Åsa Segerstolpe, Athanasia Palasantza, Pernilla Eliasson, Eva-Marie Andersson, Anne-Christine Andréasson, Xiaoyan Sun, Simone Picelli, Alan Sabirsh, Maryam Clausen, Magnus K. Bjursell, David M. Smith, Maria Kasper, Carina Ämmälä, Rickard Sandberg
Hormone-secreting cells within pancreatic islets of Langerhans play important roles in metabolic homeostasis and disease. However, their transcriptional characterization is still incomplete. Here, we sequenced the transcriptomes of thousands of human islet cells from healthy and type 2 diabetic donors. We could define specific genetic programs for each individual endocrine and exocrine cell type, even for rare δ, γ, ε, and stellate cells, and revealed subpopulations of α, β, and acinar cells. Intriguingly, δ cells expressed several important receptors, indicating an unrecognized importance of these cells in integrating paracrine and systemic metabolic signals. Genes previously associated with obesity or diabetes were found to correlate with BMI. Finally, comparing healthy and T2D transcriptomes in a cell-type resolved manner uncovered candidates for future functional studies. Altogether, our analyses demonstrate the utility of the generated single-cell gene expression resource.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

Segerstolpe et al. use single-cell transcriptomics to generate transcriptional profiles of individual pancreatic endocrine and exocrine cells of healthy and type 2 diabetic donors. They revealed cell-type-specific gene expression and novel subpopulations, as well as gene correlations to BMI and gene expression alterations in diabetes.


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Suppressors of Superoxide-H2O2 Production at Site IQ of Mitochondrial Complex I Protect against Stem Cell Hyperplasia and Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Publication date: Available online 22 September 2016
Source:Cell Metabolism
Author(s): Martin D. Brand, Renata L.S. Goncalves, Adam L. Orr, Leonardo Vargas, Akos A. Gerencser, Martin Borch Jensen, Yves T. Wang, Simon Melov, Carolina N. Turk, Jason T. Matzen, Victoria J. Dardov, H. Michael Petrassi, Shelly L. Meeusen, Irina V. Perevoshchikova, Heinrich Jasper, Paul S. Brookes, Edward K. Ainscow
Using high-throughput screening we identified small molecules that suppress superoxide and/or H2O2 production during reverse electron transport through mitochondrial respiratory complex I (site IQ) without affecting oxidative phosphorylation (suppressors of site IQ electron leak, "S1QELs"). S1QELs diminished endogenous oxidative damage in primary astrocytes cultured at ambient or low oxygen tension, showing that site IQ is a normal contributor to mitochondrial superoxide-H2O2 production in cells. They diminished stem cell hyperplasia in Drosophila intestine in vivo and caspase activation in a cardiomyocyte cell model driven by endoplasmic reticulum stress, showing that superoxide-H2O2 production by site IQ is involved in cellular stress signaling. They protected against ischemia-reperfusion injury in perfused mouse heart, showing directly that superoxide-H2O2 production by site IQ is a major contributor to this pathology. S1QELs are tools for assessing the contribution of site IQ to cell physiology and pathology and have great potential as therapeutic leads.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

In this article, Brand et al. identified small molecules (S1QELs) that suppress superoxide-H2O2 production during reverse electron transport through mitochondrial respiratory complex I (site IQ) without affecting oxidative phosphorylation. S1QELs diminished endogenous oxidative damage in primary astrocytes, stress signaling in vivo, and ischemia-reperfusion heart injury.


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Analysis of Positive Selection at Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Associated with Body Mass Index Does Not Support the “Thrifty Gene” Hypothesis

Publication date: Available online 22 September 2016
Source:Cell Metabolism
Author(s): Guanlin Wang, John R. Speakman
The "thrifty gene hypothesis" suggests genetic susceptibility to obesity arises because of positive selection for alleles that favored fat deposition and survival during famines. We used public domain data to locate signatures of positive selection based on derived allele frequency, genetic diversity, long haplotypes, and differences between populations at SNPs identified in genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for BMI. We used SNPs near the lactase (LCT), SLC24A5, and SLC45A2 genes as positive controls and 120 randomly selected SNPs as negative controls. We found evidence for positive selection (p < 0.05) at nine out of 115 BMI SNPs. However, five of these involved positive selection for the protective allele (i.e., for leanness). The widespread absence of signatures of positive selection, combined with selection favoring leanness at some alleles, does not support the suggestion that obesity provided a selective advantage to survive famines, or any other selective advantage.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

The "thrifty gene hypothesis" posits an evolutionary advantage for fat storage in humans to survive famines. Wang and Speakman do a comprehensive search for signatures of positive selection at loci previously associated with human obesity and do not find evidence for such selection, calling into question the "thrifty gene hypothesis."


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RNA Sequencing of Single Human Islet Cells Reveals Type 2 Diabetes Genes

Publication date: Available online 22 September 2016
Source:Cell Metabolism
Author(s): Yurong Xin, Jinrang Kim, Haruka Okamoto, Min Ni, Yi Wei, Christina Adler, Andrew J. Murphy, George D. Yancopoulos, Calvin Lin, Jesper Gromada
Pancreatic islet cells are critical for maintaining normal blood glucose levels, and their malfunction underlies diabetes development and progression. We used single-cell RNA sequencing to determine the transcriptomes of 1,492 human pancreatic α, β, δ, and PP cells from non-diabetic and type 2 diabetes organ donors. We identified cell-type-specific genes and pathways as well as 245 genes with disturbed expression in type 2 diabetes. Importantly, 92% of the genes have not previously been associated with islet cell function or growth. Comparison of gene profiles in mouse and human α and β cells revealed species-specific expression. All data are available for online browsing and download and will hopefully serve as a resource for the islet research community.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

Xin et al. perform RNA sequencing of single human islet cells from non-diabetic and T2D donors and identify 245 disease-associated genes, the majority of which have no known association with islet function or growth. Comparison of islet cell transcriptomes between mice and humans reveals important species differences in gene expression.


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A Genome-wide CRISPR Death Screen Identifies Genes Essential for Oxidative Phosphorylation

Publication date: Available online 22 September 2016
Source:Cell Metabolism
Author(s): Jason D. Arroyo, Alexis A. Jourdain, Sarah E. Calvo, Carmine A. Ballarano, John G. Doench, David E. Root, Vamsi K. Mootha
Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is the major pathway for ATP production in humans. Deficiencies in OXPHOS can arise from mutations in either mitochondrial or nuclear genomes and comprise the largest collection of inborn errors of metabolism. At present we lack a complete catalog of human genes and pathways essential for OXPHOS. Here we introduce a genome-wide CRISPR "death screen" that actively selects dying cells to reveal human genes required for OXPHOS, inspired by the classic observation that human cells deficient in OXPHOS survive in glucose but die in galactose. We report 191 high-confidence hits essential for OXPHOS, including 72 underlying known OXPHOS diseases. Our screen reveals a functional module consisting of NGRN, WBSCR16, RPUSD3, RPUSD4, TRUB2, and FASTKD2 that regulates the mitochondrial 16S rRNA and intra-mitochondrial translation. Our work yields a rich catalog of genes required for OXPHOS and, more generally, demonstrates the power of death screening for functional genomic analysis.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

Arroyo et al. introduce CRISPR "death screening" and apply it to systematically identify human genes essential for oxidative phosphorylation. Among the hits, they reveal how five new genes encode a functional module that regulates mitochondrial 16S rRNA and intra-mitochondrial translation.


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Scholar : Contemporary Theatre Review, Volume 26, Issue 3, August 2016 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online

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The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content Contemporary Theatre Review, Volume 26, Issue 3, August 2016 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online. Special Issue: Simon Stephens: British Playwright in Dialogue with Europe This new issue contains the following articles: Notes on Contributors Notes on Contributors Pages: 303-304 | DOI: 10.1080/10486801.2016.1189216 Introduction Simon Stephens: British Playwright in Dialogue with Europe David Barnett Pages: 305-310 | DOI: 10.1080/10486801.2016.1183666 Document 'This Is Why I'm Really Excited by British Theatre in the Next Five Years': David Barnett in Conversation with Simon Stephens David Barnett Pages: 311-318 | DOI: 10.1080/10486801.2016.1189687 Articles New Perspectives on Home: Simon Stephens and Authorship in British Theatre Catherine Love Pages: 319-327 | DOI: 10.1080/10486801.2016.1183661 'Draining the English Channel': The European Revolution in Three Kingdoms and Three Keynotes (by Simon Stephens, David Lan, and Edward Bond) Benjamin Fowler Pages: 328-336 | DOI: 10.1080/10486801.2016.1184149 'Changing the Conversation': Simon Stephens, Sean Holmes, and Secret Theatre Jacqueline Bolton Pages: 337-344 | DOI: 10.1080/10486801.2016.1183662 'It's Not about Fucking It up': The Trial of Ubu, the Text, and the Director Adam J. Ledger Pages: 345-356 | DOI: 10.1080/10486801.2016.1183663 The Invisible Other in Excess: (Dis)placing Europe in Simon Stephens's Three Kingdoms Marilena Zaroulia Pages: 357-364 | DOI: 10.1080/10486801.2016.1183664 Simon Stephens beyond Europe: Pornography on the Turkish Stage Seda Ilter Pages: 365-375 | DOI: 10.1080/10486801.2016.1183665 Reviews The Racial Mundane: Asian American Performance and the Embodied Everyday by Ju Yon Kim Takeo Rivera Pages: 376-377 | DOI: 10.1080/10486801.2016.1187513 The Natyashastra and the Body in Performance: Essays on Indian Theories of Dance and Drama edited by Sreenath Nair Mrunal Chavda Pages: 377-378 | DOI: 10.1080/10486801.2016.1187514 The Routledge Companion to Puppetry and Material Performance edited by Dassia N. Posner, Claudia Orenstein and John Bell Jeremy Bidgood Pages: 378-379 | DOI: 10.1080/10486801.2016.1187515 Theatre and Aural Attention: Stretching Ourselves by George Home-Cook Sarah Barnes Pages: 379-380 | DOI: 10.1080/10486801.2016.1187516 The Routledge Companion to Dramaturgy edited by Magda Romanska Cathy Turner Pages: 381-382 | DOI: 10.1080/10486801.2016.1187517 The Censorship of British Drama 1900–1968: Volume Four: The Sixties by Steve Nicholson Stephen Lacey Pages: 382-383 | DOI: 10.1080/10486801.2016.1187518 Deleuze and Beckett edited by S. E. Wilmer and Audronė Žukauskaitė Treena Balds Pages: 383-385 | DOI: 10.1080/10486801.2016.1187519 Theatre and Evolution from Ibsen to Beckett by Kirsten Shepherd-Barr Dan Rebellato Pages: 385-386 | DOI: 10.1080/10486801.2016.1187523 Backpages Backpages 26.3 Pages: 387-405 | DOI: 10.1080/10486801.2016.1189219 Abstracts Pages: 406-409 | DOI: 10.1080/10486801.2016.1189217 Time and tide wait for no man (or woman). Explore the multidisciplinary TIME Collection now. This message is personalised to your status as a society member. Please do not forward this email. To recommend content, please use the social sharing tools on the website. To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. You can also unsubscribe from this alert with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Response to commentary on ‘Endovascular Stent Graft Repair is an Effective and Safe Alternative Therapy for Arteriovenous Graft Pseudoaneurysms’

Publication date: Available online 22 September 2016
Source:European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery
Author(s): H.N. Pärsson




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Scholar : Bulletin of Spanish Studies, Volume 93, Issue 6, July 2016 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online

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The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content Bulletin of Spanish Studies, Volume 93, Issue 6, July 2016 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online. This new issue contains the following articles: ARTICLES El concepto de novela y la crítica literaria hispánica Alfonso Rey Pages: 923-946 | DOI: 10.1080/14753820.2015.1082812 Heterotopía y género en los poemas del mar de Concha Méndez Anna Vives Pages: 947-964 | DOI: 10.1080/14753820.2016.1180833 The Crescent and the Dagger: Representations of the Moorish Other during the Spanish Civil War Elisabeth Bolorinos Allard Pages: 965-988 | DOI: 10.1080/14753820.2015.1082811 El sueño, la fantasía y sus alegorías en el Primero sueño de sor Juana Inés de la Cruz Sigmund Méndez Pages: 989-1025 | DOI: 10.1080/14753820.2015.1080006 Playing the Man, Not the Ball: Ramón Ceruti and Transatlantic Careerism in Mexico's First Federal Republic and Spain's Liberal Revolution Mark Lawrence Pages: 1027-1041 | DOI: 10.1080/14753820.2016.1172835 Mario Vargas Llosa and the novela de la selva Charlotte Rogers Pages: 1043-1060 | DOI: 10.1080/14753820.2016.1176299 REVIEW-ARTICLE Review ArticleHistory, Memory, Television: El Ministerio del Tiempo (TVE, 2015) Paul Julian Smith Pages: 1061-1065 | DOI: 10.1080/14753820.2015.1116279 REVIEWS OF BOOKS Reviews of Books C. Alex Longhurst, Allyson M. Poska, Kimberly Lynn, D. Gareth Walters, Rosa Helena Chinchilla, Claudia Hopkins, Eric C. Graf, Diane Chaffee-Sorace, David Ortiz Jr, Helena Buffery, Judith Stallings-Ward, Margaret Tejerizo, Fiona Noble, Anne L. Walsh, Laura López Fernández, Roberta Quance, Julián Daniel Gutiérrez-Albilla, Chris Perriam, Fernando Velasquez, Zoya Khan, Stephanie Dennison & Néstor E. Rodríguez Pages: 1067-1098 | DOI: 10.1080/14753820.2016.1205870 ANNUAL INDEX VOLUME XCIII (2016) Annual Index Volume XCIII (2016) Pages: 1099-1107 | DOI: 10.1080/14753820.2016.1207903 Have you discovered Lives in Literature yet? Free access to research on some of Literature's most notable names;new collections will be added regularly so bookmark the page and visit again! This message is personalised to your status as a society member. Please do not forward this email. To recommend content, please use the social sharing tools on the website. To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. You can also unsubscribe from this alert with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

A Critical Overview of the Current Myofascial Pain Literature – September 2016

Publication date: Available online 23 September 2016
Source:Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies
Author(s): Jan Dommerholt, Michelle Finnegan, Todd Hooks, Rob Grieve
This edition of the overview of the current myofascial pain literature includes 24 studies, case reports and systematic and narrative reviews. Surprisingly, five of the 24 papers were difficult to read and interpret mostly because of a poor mastery of the English language. It is somewhat surprising that journal editors and reviewers would accept papers that are needlessly difficult to read and not direct the authors to language services or others who could improve the quality of the writings. Of course, it is exciting that researchers and clinicians from all over the world continue to focus on myofascial pain and attempt to shed new light on the complexity of the problem to improve the clinical decision-making process and eventually clinical approaches and outcomes. There were no new papers on manual therapies, but many focused on dry needling.



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Synthesis and application of iron and zinc doped biochar for removal of p-nitrophenol in wastewater and assessment of the influence of co-existed Pb(II)

Publication date: 15 January 2017
Source:Applied Surface Science, Volume 392
Author(s): Pei Wang, Lin Tang, Xue Wei, Guangming Zeng, Yaoyu Zhou, Yaocheng Deng, Jingjing Wang, Zhihong Xie, Wei Fang
The modification of biochar as a low-cost adsorbent is essential to improve its surface properties and shows great potential in water decontamination. The iron and zinc doped sawdust biochar (Fe/Zn-biochar) with large apparent surface area (518.54m²/g) proposed in this work showed good performance for p-nitrophenol (PNP) removal compared with the pristine biochar (P-biochar), iron doped biochar (Fe-biochar) and zinc doped biochar (Zn-biochar) respectively. The batch experiments turned out that Fe/Zn-biochar exhibited larger PNP adsorption capacity under acidic pH solution, and the ionic strength had slightly negative impact on PNP adsorption. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms were discussed, and the experimental data fitted well the Pseudo-second-order equation and Langmuir model. The thermodynamic study indicated that the PNP adsorption was a spontaneous endothermic process. Furthermore, the simultaneous removal for PNP and Pb(II) by Fe/Zn-biochar was investigated. It implied that the adsorption of PNP and Pb(II) at their low concentration might be enhanced by the complexing-bridging mechanism of PNP and Pb(II) ascribing to the affinity between PNP and hydrophobic sites, in addition to the affinity between Pb(II) and oxygen-containing hydrophilic sites on Fe/Zn-biochar surface. However, the predominated competition between PNP and Pb(II) at their high concentrations with Fe/Zn-biochar suppressed their adsorption.

Graphical abstract

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Synthesis of ZnS quantum dots and CoFe2O4 nanoparticles co-loaded with graphene nanosheets as an efficient broad band EM wave absorber

Publication date: 15 January 2017
Source:Chemical Engineering Journal, Volume 308
Author(s): Na Zhang, Ying Huang, Meng Zong, Xiao Ding, Suping Li, Mingyue Wang
In order to obtain the high-performance electromagnetic (EM) wave absorber, nanocomposites have been applied to absorbing field. In our research, hybrid reduced graphene oxide (RGO)/CoFe2O4/ZnS nanocomposites were successfully synthesized via a facile hydrothermal process in combination with the co-precipitation route. The crystal structure, chemical composition and morphology of the as-prepared nanocomposites have been detailedly investigated. The ZnS quantum dots and CoFe2O4 nanoparticles with an average diameter of 3–8nm and 10–20nm, respectively, were homogeneously anchored on graphene sheets. Moreover, the EM parameters of both RGO/CoFe2O4 and RGO/CoFe2O4/ZnS nanocomposites were measured using a vector network analyzer. The EM wave absorption properties of RGO/CoFe2O4/ZnS nanocomposites are significantly improved compared with RGO/CoFe2O4 nanocomposites, with the maximum reflection loss as high as −43.2dB at only 1.8mm and the maximum absorption bandwidth (<−10dB) of 5.5GHz (from 10.2 to 15.7GHz) at 2.0mm. And the absorption bandwidth (<−20dB) is up to 6.3GHz with a thickness in the range of 1.5–2.5mm. Moreover, the absorption bandwidth (<−10dB) almost covers the whole frequency range (from 3.6 to 18.0GHz) with the thickness range of 1.5–5.0mm. Consequently, it is believed that the as-prepared nanocomposites could be used as promising materials for stealth camouflage techniques.



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Pregnancy and the hair growth cycle: anagen induction against hair growth disruption using Nourkrin® with Marilex®, a proteoglycan replacement therapy

Summary

Postpartum effluvium is a well-known clinical fact. However, following some minor research activities in the 1960s, very little has happened on the research front of the subject. It was hypothesized that postpartum hair loss might be a manifestation of a change in the hair growth cycle occurring normally during pregnancy. Recently, new research has been published trying to explain the mechanism of action behind this frequently occurring hair growth disruption, and to develop a functional treatment schedule and regime. Under normal circumstances, postpartum effluvium will disappear by itself as a function of time, and therefore adequate information to the patient is important in order to reduce the anxiety that it will not be a permanent problem. However, in some subjects it can manifest itself for longer stages and even become permanent. At the present time, treatments aim at correcting underlying hormonal imbalances and at improving overall cosmetic appearance. Several treatments in the form of thyroid supplementation, topical progesterone and estradiol lotions, and even oral contraceptive have been studied. All the available studies have significant limitations in their scientific basis, such as small sample size, absence of control group, or highly subjective measurement of treatment response. It is evident from the available studies that no specific treatment has been investigated thoroughly enough to justify recommendation in clinical treatment or to be termed "effective." Without the ability to provide a pathogenic diagnosis or causality criteria, chances are low that a treatment by trial and error will adequately be able to control hair effluvium. Current hair treatment strategies are symptomatic and nonspecific; therefore, future research must aim at developing new and targeted methods with a point of departure in observing concomitant biological mechanisms. Based on the research in the 1960s, current knowledge about the hair follicle and the regulation of the hair cycles, we believe that an anagen inducer in the form of a specific proteoglycan replacement therapy (Nourkrin^® with Marilex^® from Pharma Medico) could be a proper solution to shorten the hair eclipse phenomenon – and give the patient a feeling of control and empowerment.

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Autoimmunity – Basics And Link With Periodontal Disease

Publication date: Available online 21 September 2016
Source:Autoimmunity Reviews
Author(s): Gagandeep Kaur, Kanika Mohindra, Shifali Singla
Autoimmune reactions reflect an imbalance between effector and regulatory immune responses, typically develop through stages of initiation and propagation, and often show phases of resolution (indicated by clinical remissions) and exacerbations (indicated by symptomatic flares). The fundamental underlying mechanism of autoimmunity is defective elimination and/or control of self-reactive lymphocytes. Periodontal diseases are characterized by inflammatory conditions that directly affect teeth supporting structures which are the major cause of tooth loss. Several studies have demonstrated the involvement of autoimmune responses in periodontal disease. Evidences of involvement of immunopathology have been reported in periodontal disease. Bacteria in the dental plaque induce antibody formation. Autoreactive T cells, natural killer cells, ANCA, heat shock proteins, autoantibodies, and genetic factors are reported to have an important role in the autoimmune component of periodontal disease.The present review describes the involvement of autoimmune responses in periodontal diseases and also the mechanisms underlying these responses.



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The Management of Acne Vulgaris in Primary Care: A cohort study of consulting and prescribing patterns using CPRD

Abstract

Background

Effective management of acne vulgaris in primary care involves support (usually provided over a number of consultations) and prescribing effective treatments. However, consulting and prescribing patterns for acne in primary care are not well described.

Objective

To describe the rate of primary care consultations and follow-up consultations; prescribing patterns, including overall use of acne related medications (ARM) and initial and follow-up prescribing, for acne vulgaris in the UK.

Methods

UK primary care acne consultations and prescriptions for ARMs were identified in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). Annual consultation rates (between 2004 and 2013) by age and gender, new consultations and consultations in the subsequent year; prescribing trends, prescribing during a new consultation and over the subsequent 90 days and year were calculated, using number of registered patients as the denominator.

Results

65.9% of patients who had a new acne consultation had no further acne consultations in the subsequent year. 26.6%, 25.2%, 23.5% and 2.8% of patients were prescribed no ARM, an oral antibiotic, a topical antibiotic, or an oral plus topical antibiotic respectively during a new acne consultation. 59.9% and 38.5% of patients prescribed an ARM received no further ARM prescriptions in the following 90 days and one year respectively, despite most prescriptions being for 2 months or less. Prescribing rates for lymecycline and topical combined clindamycin/benzoyl peroxide increased substantially between 2004 and 2013. There were no important changes in consultation rates between 2004 and 2013.

Conclusion

These data suggest that patients with acne are receiving sub-optimal initial choice of ARMs, longitudinal care and prescribing.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Syntheses and mucosal adjuvant activity of simplified oleanolic acid saponins possessing cinnamoyl ester

Publication date: Available online 22 September 2016
Source:Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
Author(s): Tatsuya Shirahata, Takayuki Nagai, Nozomu Hirata, Masaki Yokoyama, Tatsuya Katsumi, Naruki Konishi, Takashi Nishino, Kazuishi Makino, Haruki Yamada, Eisuke Kaji, Hiroaki Kiyohara, Yoshinori Kobayashi
A series of new simplified oleanolic acid saponins with a glycosyl ester moiety at C28, were efficiently prepared. Furthermore, the effect of nasal administration of the synthetic oleanolic acid saponins on the nasal anti-influenza virus antibody titer against secondary nasal inoculation of the influenza split vaccine was examined. The result revealed cinnamoyl saponin as a suitable candidate vaccine adjuvant.

Graphical abstract

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Special Issue “ HPV and IGF axis in carcinogenesis”

Publication date: Available online 21 September 2016
Source:Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research
Author(s): Julia Durzyńska




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Editorial Board

Publication date: 4 October 2016
Source:Journal of Proteomics, Volume 148





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Association between lifetime alcohol consumption and prostate cancer risk: A case-control study in Montreal, Canada

Publication date: December 2016
Source:Cancer Epidemiology, Volume 45
Author(s): Claire Demoury, Pierre Karakiewicz, Marie-Elise Parent
BackgroundAlcohol intake may increase the risk of prostate cancer (PCa). Many previous studies harbored important methodological limitations.MethodsWe conducted a population-based case-control study of PCa comprising 1933 cases and 1994 controls in Montreal, Canada. Lifetime alcohol consumption was elicited, by type of beverage, during in-person interviews. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) assessed the association between alcohol intake and PCa risk, adjusting for potential confounders and considering the subjects' PCa screening history.ResultsWe observed a weak, non-significant positive association between high consumption of total alcohol over the lifetime and risk of high-grade PCa (OR=1.18, 95% CI 0.81–1.73). Risk estimates were more pronounced among current drinkers (OR=1.40, 95%CI 1.00–1.97), particularly after adjusting for the timing of last PCa screening (OR=1.52, 95%CI 1.07–2.16). These associations were largely driven by beer consumption. The OR for high-grade PCa associated with high beer intake was 1.37 (95%CI 1.00–1.89); it was 1.49 (95%CI 0.99–2.23) among current drinkers and 1.68 (95% CI 1.10–2.57) after adjusting for screening recency. High cumulative consumption of spirits was associated with a lower risk of low-grade PCa (OR=0.75, 95%CI 0.60–0.94) but the risk estimate no longer achieved statistical significance when restricting to current users. No association was found for wine consumption.ConclusionFindings add to the accumulating evidence that high alcohol consumption increases the risk of high-grade PCa. This association largely reflected beer intake in our population, and was strengthened when taking into account PCa screening history.



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Treatment delays, race, and outcomes in head and neck cancer

Publication date: December 2016
Source:Cancer Epidemiology, Volume 45
Author(s): Arash O. Naghavi, Michelle I. Echevarria, Tobin J. Strom, Yazan A. Abuodeh, Kamran A. Ahmed, Puja S. Venkat, Andy Trotti, Louis B. Harrison, B. Lee Green, Kosj Yamoah, Jimmy J. Caudell
PurposePatient race has been shown to predict for differences in outcomes and has been attributed to socioeconomic factors such as social support and access to healthcare. In head and neck cancer (HNC), a disease without recommended screening, we sought to investigate the association between race, treatment delays and outcome.MethodsRecords of 1802 patients with non-metastatic squamous cell HNC treated between 1998 and 2013 were retrospectively assessed from an institutional database. Patient demographics, tumor and treatment characteristics, and patient outcomes were abstracted from the chart. Differences between groups were assessed via logistic regression multivariate analysis (MVA). Outcomes including locoregional control (LRC) and overall survival (OS) were then estimated via Kaplan-Meier and Cox-regression MVA.ResultsMedian follow up was 34 months. Patient races included white (n=1671, 93%), black (n=80, 4%), Asian (n=18, 1%), and other (n=33, 2%). On logistic regression MVA, Black patients were less likely to be married (39% vs. 63%; OR 0.5 95%CI 0.30–0.83, p=0.007) or be currently employed (43% vs. 61%; OR 0.44 95%CI 0.26–0.74, p=0.002) when compared to non-blacks. Black patients were also younger (54 vs. 59 years, p=0.001), more likely to present with advanced tumor stage (T4: 48% vs. 25%), and more often had >45days elapsed from diagnosis to treatment initiation (DTI) (61% vs. 49%, p=0.028). Delays in treatment, such as delayed diagnosis (advanced disease presentation) and delays in DTI>45days were also associated with marital and employment status.Black patients were associated with a lower 3-year LRC rate (65% vs. 81%, p<0.001) and OS rate (43% vs. 69%, p<0.001), compared to non-black patients. Patients with >45days DTI had a detriment in 3-year LRC (77% vs. 83%, p=0.002) and OS (66% vs. 69%, p=0.009). On Cox MVA, black race was independently prognostic for worse LRC (HR 1.62 95%CI 1.04–2.51, p=0.033) and OS (HR 1.55 95%CI 1.15–2.08, p=0.004) vs. non-blacks.ConclusionBlack race is independently prognostic for LRC and OS. Delays in HNC treatment, such as more advanced tumor stage presentation and delays in treatment initiation, may be attributed to socioeconomic factors such as employment status and social support. Efforts to accommodate these factors may expedite treatment, in hopes of improving the race related outcome disparity in HNC.



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