Need for Better Methodology in Assessing Pooled Cohort Equations

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Molecularly imprinted polymers for sample preparation and biosensing in food analysis: Progress and perspectives

Publication date: 15 May 2017
Source:Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Volume 91
Author(s): Jon Ashley, Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi, Krishna Kant, Vinayaka Aaydha Chidambara, Anders Wolff, Dang Duong Bang, Yi Sun
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are biomimetics which can selectively bind to analytes of interest. One of the most interesting areas where MIPs have shown the biggest potential is food analysis. MIPs have found use as sorbents in sample preparation attributed to the high selectivity and high loading capacity. MIPs have been intensively employed in classical solid-phase extraction and solid-phase microextraction. More recently, MIPs have been combined with magnetic bead extraction, which greatly simplifies sample handling procedures. Studies have consistently shown that MIPs can effectively minimize complex food matrix effects, and improve recoveries and detection limits. In addition to sample preparation, MIPs have also been viewed as promising alternatives to bio-receptors due to the inherent molecular recognition abilities and the high stability in harsh chemical and physical conditions. MIPs have been utilized as receptors in biosensing platforms such as electrochemical, optical and mass biosensors to detect various analytes in food. In this review, we will discuss the current state-of-the-art of MIP synthesis and applications in the context of food analysis. We will highlight the imprinting methods which are applicable for imprinting food templates, summarize the recent progress in using MIPs for preparing and analysing food samples, and discuss the current limitations in the commercialisation of MIPs technology. Finally, future perspectives will be given.



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The intracellular delivery of plasmid DNA using cationic reducible carbon nanotube — Disulfide conjugates of polyethylenimine

Publication date: Available online 16 January 2017
Source:European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Author(s): Azadeh Hashem Nia, Hossein Eshghi, Kalil Abnous, Mohammad Ramezani
A series of polyethylenimine conjugates of single-walled carbon nanotube (PEI-SWNT) containing bioreducible disulfide bonds was synthesized and evaluated for their transfection efficiency. Different molecular weights of polyethylenimine (PEI) were thiolated with different mole ratio of 2-iminothiolane (2-IT). Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) was first carboxylated and then three different cysteine-functionalized SWNT formulations were synthesized via introduced linkers: a) carbonyl group b) spermidine c) 1,8-diamino 3,6-dioxo octane. The final nanocarriers were fabricated upon conjugation of thiolated PEIs and thiolated SWNT via oxidative disulfide bond formation. All PEI-disulfide-SWNT conjugates were capable of DNA condensation and showed improved viability and transfection efficiency compared to PEI itself. Transfection efficiencies were up to 1500 times greater than PEI 25kDa (C/P=0.8). The results of this study suggest that the synthesized formulations based on SWNT-CO-Cysteine and PEI 1.8kDa were the most efficient carriers. Considering the decreased cytotoxicity and higher transfection levels, the conjugates bear the potential for effective delivery of genetic materials.

Graphical abstract

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Optimization of magnetic retention in the gastrointestinal tract: Enhanced bioavailability of poorly permeable drug

Publication date: 30 March 2017
Source:European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Volume 100
Author(s): Anjali Seth, David Lafargue, Cécile Poirier, Thomas Badier, Nathalie Delory, Alain Laporte, Jean-Marie Delbos, Véronique Jeannin, Jean-Manuel Péan, Christine Ménager
Oral administration of low permeable drugs remains a challenge as they do not cross biological membrane efficiently and therefore exhibit a poor bioavailability. Herein, the effect of magnetic retention on the circulation and bioavailability of magnetic beads in the gastrointestinal tract in the presence of an external magnetic field is evaluated. Retention efficiency is imaged using magnetic resonance and near infrared techniques. The effect on bioavailability is then evaluated in a pharmacokinetic study. Iron oxide nanoparticles, the drug (dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor) and a fluorophore (Alexa Fluor-750) are co-encapsulated in chitosan-alginate core-shell beads. Retention of these beads is induced by the presence of an external permanent magnet on the abdomen of rats. After single administration of magnetic beads containing 20mg/kg of drug to fasted rats, a 2.5-fold increase in drug's bioavailability is observed in the presence of an external magnetic field, significantly higher than the same dose administered to rats without the field or for the drug in aqueous solution. Retention of the magnetic carriers in the presence of an external magnet proves to accumulate these carriers in a specific localization of the intestine leading to a significant improve in the drug's bioavailability.

Graphical abstract

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Ultrasound-enhanced penetration through sclera depends on frequency of sonication and size of macromolecules

Publication date: Available online 16 January 2017
Source:European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Author(s): Ying Chau, Wai Leung Langston Suen, Ho Yan Tse, Hoi Sang Wong
We previously employed ultrasound as a needleless approach to deliver macromolecules via the transscleral route to the back of the eye in live animals (Suen et al., 2013). Here, we investigated the nature of the ultrasound-enhanced transport through sclera, the outermost barrier in the transscleral route. Thus, the possible role of cavitation from ultrasound was explored; its effect during and after sonication on scleral penetration was measured; and the dependence on the size of macromolecules was determined. We applied ultrasound frequency from 40kHz to 3MHz at ISATA (spatial-average-temporal-average intensity) of 0.05W/cm² to fresh rabbit sclera ex vivo. Fluorescent dextran of size 20kDa to 150kDa was used as macromolecular probes. We measured the distance of penetration of the probes through the sclera over 30s during sonication and over 15min after sonication from cryosectioned tissue images. Deeper penetration in the sclera was observed with decreasing frequency. The presence of stable cavitation was further verified by passive acoustic detection. The effect during sonication increased penetration distance up to 20 fold and was limited to macromolecular probes ≤70kDa. The effect post sonication increased penetration distance up to 3 fold and attributed to the improved intrasscleral transport of macromolecules ≥70kDa. Post-sonication enhancement diminished gradually in 3h. As the extent of cavitation increased with decreasing frequency, the trend observed supports the contribution of (stable) cavitation to enhancing transport through sclera. Effect during sonication was attributed to flow associated with acoustic microstreaming. Effect post sonication was attributed to the temporary increase in scleral permeability. Flow-associated effect was more pronounced but only applied to smaller macromolecules.

Graphical abstract

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Hyperlipidaemia alone and in combination with acidosis can increase the incidence and severity of statin-induced myotoxicity

Publication date: Available online 16 January 2017
Source:European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Author(s): Dhiaa A. Taha, Atheer Zgair, Jong Bong Lee, Cornelia H. de Moor, David A. Barrett, Kimberley D. Bruce, Mitchell Sungelo, Robert H. Eckel, Pavel Gershkovich
The association of lipophilic statins with plasma lipoproteins in the presence of disturbed acid-base balance can modify the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of these drugs, resulting in alteration in their efficacy and toxicity profiles. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the role of hyperlipidaemia alone or in combination with acidosis/alkalosis in the development and potentiation of statin-induced myotoxicity. Statins association with plasma lipoproteins was examined under conditions of physiological and altered pH levels. The effect of this association on cellular uptake and myotoxicity of statins was also assessed at different pH levels using C2C12 cells that overexpress lipoprotein lipase. Lipophilic simvastatin displayed considerable association with the non-polar lipoprotein fractions (triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and low-density lipoprotein). This association contributed to increased cellular uptake of simvastatin by C2C12 cells through lipoprotein lipase-mediated process, resulting in enhanced muscle toxicity in hyperlipidaemic conditions. Furthermore, a combination of low pH environment (representing acidosis) and hyperlipidaemia increased the association of simvastatin with plasma lipoproteins causing potentiation of cellular uptake and myotoxicity of this drug. Comorbidities such as hyperlipidaemia, especially when coincident with acidosis, can enhance statin-associated muscle toxicity, and therefore require extra caution by prescribing clinicians. Hydrophilic rather than lipophilic statins could be a preferable choice in this patient population.

Graphical abstract

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Downregulation of miR-145 in venous malformations: Its association with disorganized vessels and sclerotherapy

Publication date: Available online 16 January 2017
Source:European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Author(s): Hou-fu Xia, Jian-gang Ren, Jun-yi Zhu, Zi-li Yu, Wei Zhang, Yan-fang Sun, Yi-fang Zhao, Gang Chen
Venous malformations (VMs) are characterized by ectatic and tortuous venous channels with decreased perivascular cell coverage. Recent studies have discovered that miR-145 plays a critical role in amounts of vascular diseases through regulating the differentiation and phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). However, the potential roles of miR-145 in VMs remain unknown. In this study, 21 samples of VMs without treatment history, and 10 samples of healthy donor skin, were collected to evaluate the expression level of TGF-β, miR-145, and α-SMA by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Subsequently, their correlations were analyzed using the Spearman rank correlation test. In vitro studies were performed using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The results showed that miR-145 was significantly downregulated in VMs compared with normal skin tissues, accompanied by a synchronously decreased TGF-β expression level and perivascular α-SMA⁺ cell coverage. Correlation analysis revealed that miR-145 expression was positively correlated with TGF-β expression and perivascular α-SMA⁺ cell coverage in VMs. In addition, TGF-β, miR-145, and α-SMA were concurrently increased in the tissues of VMs treated with bleomycin A5. More importantly, in vitro studies revealed that both recombinant human TGF-β and bleomycin A5 could significantly upregulate TGF-β and miR-145 expression in HUVECs with the similar increasing tendency. In summary, our present study unmasked the downregulation of miR-145 in VMs, possibly induced by TGF-β depression and closely correlated with disorganized vessels. Moreover, miR-145 may be involved in the sclerotherapy of VMs and possess the target potential.

Graphical abstract

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Regulatory roles of brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1(BAI1) protein in inflammation, tumorigenesis and phagocytosis: a brief review

Publication date: Available online 16 January 2017
Source:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
Author(s): Vivek Bhakta Mathema, Kesara Na-Bangchang
Brain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor (BAI) family of proteins are basically putative G-protein-coupled receptors with wide spectrum of cellular activities. These BAIs exhibit intricate and complex nature of modulatory activities that researchers are only now beginning to understand. Here we mainly focus on the regulatory activities of a prominent member of BAI family, BAI1, with respect to its role in inflammation, tumorigenesis and phagocytosis. The emerging knowledge on cell- and site-specific function of BAI1 makes it both versatile and promising candidate for studies relating to cancer and host immune response. This review collectively specifies and comprehends important findings of BAI1 from several studies and provides latest insight to explore its properties for possible biomedical therapeutics.



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The effect of anti-angiogenic drugs on regulatory T cells in the tumor microenvironment

Publication date: April 2017
Source:Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 88
Author(s): Chenxi Hu, Xiaodong Jiang
A benefit of anti-angiogenic drugs is improved tumor immune tolerance. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the tumor microenvironment mediate tumor immune tolerance and anti-angiogenic drugs not only indirectly affect Tregs via dendritic cells (DCs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) but they can also act directly on Tregs causing immunosuppression. Specifically, these drugs may induce differentiation and chemotaxis and reduce the number and function of Tregs by targeting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) and neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) on the cell surface. Recently, anti-angiogenic drugs have been documented to promote a new way of thinking about tumor immunotherapy: clinical application of Tregs and related immunosuppressive molecules may be promising targets for synergistic tumor immunotherapy.



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Sedative-hypnotic-like effect and molecular docking of di-naphthodiospyrol from Diospyros lotus in an animal model

Publication date: April 2017
Source:Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 88
Author(s): Abdur Rauf, Taibi Ben Hadda, Ghias Uddin, José P. Cerón-Carrasco, Jorge Peña-García, Horacio Pérez-Sánchez, Haroon Khan, Saud Bawazeer, Seema Patel, Mohammad S. Mubarak, Tareq Abu-Izneid, Yahia Nasser Mabkhot
BackgroundDiospyros lotus Linn commonly known as date-plum, or Caucasian persimmon has multiple uses in folk medicine. Various parts of this plant is used for alleviating lumbago, dysponea, hemorrhage, insomnia, and hiccup. The plant extracts possess a variety of biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, sedative, febrifuge, anti-microbial, vermifuge, and http://ift.tt/2jrOPBs aim of the present work is to investigate the sedative-hypnotic effect of a rare dimeric napthoquione 1 obtained from the chloroform soluble fraction of D. lotus extracts.MethodsCompound 1, di-naphthodiospyrol at 5, 10, and 15mg/kg intraperitoneal doses was assessed for its in vivo sedative effect in an open-field using a phenobarbitone-induced sleeping time model. The geometry of di-naphthodiospyrol was also optimized with the aid of density functional theory. In addition, molecular docking of compound 1 was performed with the receptor GABAA.ResultsThe animal protocol-based assay showed significant sedative-hypnotic-like effects of compound 1 at various test doses (5, 10, and 15mg/kg i.p.). Docking studies indicated that this compound interacts strongly with important residues in receptor GABAA.ConclusionsResults from this investigation reveal that compound 1 possesses sedative-hypnotic- like properties which can be of interest in therapeutic research.

Graphical abstract

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l-arginine alters the effect of 5-fluorouracil on breast cancer cells in favor of apoptosis

Publication date: April 2017
Source:Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 88
Author(s): Mozhgan Jahani, Mehri Azadbakht, Fatemeh Norooznezhad, Kamran Mansouri
Chemoresistance in breast cancer is a major obstacle, especially in p53 mutation types. The aim of this study was to evaluate if a combination therapy of l-arginine with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) can alter the effect of this chemotherapy drug on breast cancer cells.The study was performed on BT-20 and MCF-7 cell lines. The effects of l-arginine alone and in combination with 5-FU were investigated on cell viability, apoptosis and nitric oxide (NO) production. Drugs effects on the cellular energetic metabolism were investigated through the lactate production and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity assay. Migration and invasion of treated cells were assessed. Real- time PCR was used for analyzing the changes in the expression level of CXCL12 and CXCR4 as two important genes involved in migration and metastasis of breast cancer cells.l-arginine increased 5-FU effect on BT-20 and MCF-7 cell lines by reducing cell viability and increasing apoptosis and NO production. Lactate production and G6PD activity assays showed that cellular energetic metabolism of both cells was altered in favor of cell death. Moreover, l-arginine decreased the metastatic activity of both cells which was confirmed through migration, invasion and gene expression results performed for both cell lines. However, drugs effect on MCF-7 (p53 wild-type) was greater than that of BT-20 (p53 mutation) in all sets of experiments.Our findings indicated that l-arginine increased the anticancer effect of 5-FU in BT-20 and MCF-7 cell lines. So, combination therapy with l-arginine and 5-FU could be considered as an effective strategy in breast cancer therapy.



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Hesperetin protects against H2O2-triggered oxidative damage via upregulation of the Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathway in ARPE-19 cells

Publication date: April 2017
Source:Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 88
Author(s): Chao Zhu, Yuchen Dong, Haile Liu, Hua Ren, Zhihua Cui
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an irreversible vision loss disease that primarily results from oxidative stress that causes oxidative damage to the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. Hesperetin (Hesp) is a common flavanone glycoside compound that has been demonstrated to exhibit a variety of biological and pharmacological properties that include anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The aim of this study is to explore the ability of Hesp to attenuate oxidative damage in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-stimulated ARPE-19 cells. The results indicated that Hesp treatment not only increased cell survival but also decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, whereas these roles were effectively enhanced the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels, and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) formation. Importantly, the level of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression was increased by Hesp exposure, which resulted in a decrease after the transfection of cells with Nrf2-siRNA. Additionally, further results revealed that Hesp treatment significantly elevated Keap-1 protein expression, Nrf2 nuclear translocation and ARE activities. These observations indicated that Hesp treatment effectively protected against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in ARPE-19 cells by inhibiting cell apoptosis, ROS overproduction and MDA formation as well as enhancing the SOD and GSH levels. The underlying mechanisms may be related to the activation of the Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathway, which may provide biological evidence to further encourage the investigation of the protective effect of Hesp in AMD disease.

Graphical abstract

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Circular BANP, an upregulated circular RNA that modulates cell proliferation in colorectal cancer

Publication date: April 2017
Source:Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 88
Author(s): Mingchen Zhu, Yijun Xu, Yun Chen, Feng Yan
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are recently identified as widespread and diverse endogenous noncoding RNAs that may harbor vital functions in human and animals. However, the role of circRNAs in the process of tumorigenesis and development of colorectal cancer (CRC) remains vague. Here we characterized the circRNA expression profile from three paired CRC cancerous and adjacent normal tissues by human circRNA array, and identified 136 significantly overexpressed circRNAs and 243 downregulated circRNAs in CRC cancerous tissues (>2-fold changes). We further validated one circRNA generated from Exon 5–11 of BANP gene, termed circ-BANP. In addition, RT-PCR result showed that circ-BANP was overexpressed in 35 CRC cancerous tissues. Knockdown of circ-BANP with siRNA significantly attenuate the proliferation of CRC cells. In summary, our findings demonstrated that dysregulated circ-BANP appears to have an important role in CRC cells and could serve as a prognostic and therapeutic marker for CRC.



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The mechanism of alopolysaccharide protecting ulceralive colitis

Publication date: April 2017
Source:Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 88
Author(s): Hu Lin, Li Honglang, Li Weifeng, Chen Junmin, Yang Jiantao, Gu Junjing
The aim of this study is to explain the mechanism of alopolysaccharide protecting ulceralive colitis in cells and animal models. We divided this study into two parts: cell and animal research parts. In the cell research, HT-29 cells were divided into normal group, model group, aloe polysacchride group and positive drug group, the cell model was used by tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) combine with LPS, detecting IL-6 concentration of difference groups by Elisa testing, Apoptosis of each group was detected by flow cytometry. We detected JAK2 and STAT-3 gene expressions of difference groups by RT-PCR. WB assay was used to detect the expression of JAK2, p-JAK2, STAT-3 and p-STAT3 protein in the cells of each group. In animal experiment, SD rats were divided into normal group, model control group, aloe polysaccharide group and positive drug group. A rat model of colitis was established with 2,4,6- three nitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). IL-6 concentrations of difference groups were measured by Elisa test, and compared the colon length of difference groups, H&E staining observation of colon tissue changes in each group. We observed JAK2, p-JAK2, STAT-3 and p-STAT3 protein expression in colon tissues by immuno histochemistry and measured JAK2 and STAT-3 gene expression of difference groups by RT-PCR. We found IL-6 concentration and cell apoptosis rate of Model group were significantly up-regulation compared with normal group (P<0.05, respectively) in the cell experiment. Compared with Model group, The IL-6 concentration and apoptosis rate of aloe polysaccharide group and positive drug group were significantly down-regulation (P<0.05, respectively). In the gene expression, JAK2 and STAT-3 expression of aloe polysaccharide group and positive drug group were higher than model group (P<0.05, respectively). JAK2, p-JAK2, STAT-3 and p-STAT3 protein expression of Aloe polysaccharide group and positive drug group were lower than model group. In animal experiment, compared with model group, The serum IL-6 concentration of aloe polysaccharide group and positive drug group were significantly decreased (P<0.05, respectively), colon length was improved by drug treated, The HE stain of aloe polysaccharide and positive drug group were significantly improved. In immuno histochemistry, The JAK2, p-JAK2, STAT-3 and p-STAT3 protein expression of aloe polysaccharide and positive drug group was significantly improved, The JAK2 and STAT-3 gene expression of aloe polysaccharide group and positive drug group were signivicantly lower than those of model group (P<0.05, respectively). Depending on the results, We supposed Aloe polysaccharide could effectively control the apoptosis of colonic tissues by inhibiting the JAK2/STAT-3 signaling pathway in vovo and vitro.



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Maladie de Fabry

Publication date: Available online 16 January 2017
Source:Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie
Author(s): F. Stephan, R. Haber
La maladie de Fabry, ou Anderson-Fabry, ou angiokeratoma corporis diffusum universale, est une sphingolipidose de transmission liée à l'X, due à un déficit total ou partiel d'une hydrolase lysosomale, l'alpha-galactosidase A. Elle aboutit dès le plus jeune âge à une accumulation progressive ubiquitaire de glycosphingolipides non dégradés par cette enzyme. Les atteintes cutanées, neurologiques, néphrologiques, cardiaques, gastro-intestinales, ophtalmologiques, respiratoires, cochléovestibulaires et hématologiques sont responsables d'une mortalité accrue et d'une altération significative de la qualité de vie des sujets atteints. Les angiokératomes représentent la manifestation cutanée la plus fréquente mais ne sont pas spécifiques de cette maladie, et doivent être distingués des angiokératomes isolés ou associés à des maladies de système. D'autres signes cutanés rencontrés dans cette maladie incluent une hypohidrose, des lésions buccales, des œdèmes des membres inférieurs, etc. Le diagnostic est surtout clinique et doit être évoqué devant une histoire personnelle et/ou familiale évocatrice ; il est confirmé par le dosage de l'activité enzymatique au sein des leucocytes ou bien par étude moléculaire. La prise en charge est multidisciplinaire ; elle implique un traitement symptomatique et un traitement spécifique, responsables d'une amélioration à la fois de la survie et de la qualité de vie des sujets atteints. L'enzymothérapie substitutive par l'alpha-galactosidase A constitue la pierre angulaire du traitement spécifique et peut être associée à d'autres types de traitements comme le galactose et les molécules chaperonnes. La thérapie génique représente elle aussi une approche en plein essor. Actuellement, ces avancées thérapeutiques importantes, au sein desquelles le dermatologue a toute sa place, pourraient transformer le pronostic des patients atteints de la maladie de Fabry.Fabry disease, also known as Anderson-Fabry disease or angiokeratoma corporis diffusum universale, is an X-linked recessive form of sphingolipidosis caused by total or partial deficiency of the lysosomal hydrolase, alpha-galactosidase A. From the youngest age, it results in a gradual ubiquitous build-up of glycosphingolipids that are not degraded by the missing enzyme. Cutaneous, neurological, nephrologic, cardiac, gastrointestinal, ophthalmological, respiratory, cochleovestibular and haematological involvement are responsible for increased mortality and significant impairment of quality of life in subjects affected by the disease. Angiokeratomas are the most common cutaneous sign of this disease, although they are not specific to it and must be distinguished from angiokeratomas either occurring in isolation or associated with systemic diseases. Other cutaneous signs encountered in this disease include hyperhidrosis, oral lesions, lower limb oedemas, etc. The diagnosis is mainly clinical and should be considered in the presence of a personal and/or familial history; it is confirmed by assay of enzyme activity within leucocytes or by molecular studies. Management is multidisciplinary and involves symptomatic treatment as well as specific treatment, resulting in improved survival and enhanced quality of life for patients presenting the disease. Enzyme replacement therapy with alpha-galactosidase A forms the cornerstone of specific treatment and may be associated with other types of treatments such as galactose and molecular chaperones. Gene therapy is now also used extensively. At present, these marked therapeutic advances, which closely involve dermatologists, could help transform the prognosis for patients presenting Fabry disease.



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LED en dermatologie

Publication date: Available online 16 January 2017
Source:Annales de Dermatologie et de Vénéréologie
Author(s): C. Noé, M. Pelletier-Aouizerate, H. Cartier
L'usage dermatologique des diodes électroluminescentes (light-emitting diode [LED]) fait toujours l'objet de controverses. Cela tient autant à une méconnaissance des phases physicochimiques, d'une grande variété de dispositifs non comparables entre eux et un décalage entre les preuves irréfutables publiées portant sur l'étude in vitro ou à l'étage cellulaire et les résultats cliniques discordants, dans des indications diverses et variées : rajeunissement, acné, cicatrisation, ulcères de jambe, processus inflammatoire ou auto-immun cutané. Les LED thérapeutiques peuvent émettre des longueurs d'ondes s'étendant de l'ultraviolet au visible et jusqu'au proche infrarouge (247–1300 nm), mais seules certaines bandes ont pour l'instant montré un réel intérêt. Gageons qu'en restant factuel dans cet article les lecteurs porteront un jugement différent ou tout du moins nuancé sur ces dispositifs à diodes électroluminescentes pour leur utilisation en dermatologie.The use in dermatology of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) continues to be surrounded by controversy. This is due mainly to poor knowledge of the physicochemical phases of a wide range of devices that are difficult to compare to one another, and also to divergences between irrefutable published evidence either at the level of in vitro studies or at the cellular level, and discordant clinical results in a variety of different indications: rejuvenation, acne, wound healing, leg ulcers, and cutaneous inflammatory or autoimmune processes. Therapeutic LEDs can emit wavelengths ranging from the ultraviolet, through visible light, to the near infrared (247–1300 nm), but only certain bands have so far demonstrated any real value. We feel certain that if this article remains factual, then readers will have a different, or at least more nuanced, opinion concerning the use of such LED devices in dermatology.



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Differential diagnosis of pituitary masses at magnetic resonance imaging

http://ift.tt/2jfxWrz

Interrelations among the adipocytokines leptin and adiponectin, oxidative stress and aseptic inflammation markers in pre- and early-pubertal normal-weight and obese boys

Abstract

Purpose

Presumed interrelationships among deleterious aspects of adipose tissue metabolism, inflammation, and cellular oxidative stress could be influenced by pubertal hormonal changes. They were investigated in pre- and early pubertal normal-weight and obese boys before and after an exercise bout employed as an energy demanding stimulator.

Methods

Cross-sectional study. Seventy-six healthy pre- (mean ± SD, 10.6 ± 0.2 years old, 28 normal-weight, and 11 obese) and early-(11.4 ± 0.2 years old, 25 normal-weight, and 12 obese) pubertal boys, were blood-sampled before and after a bout of exercise at 70% VO₂ max. Leptin, adiponectin, markers of inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, high sensitivity IL-6), pro- (thiobarbitouric acid reactive substances, protein carbonyls) and anti- (glutathione, oxidized glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, total antioxidant capacity) oxidation were measured.

Results

Baseline and post-exercise adiponectin was greater and leptin and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were lower in normal-weight than in obese pre- and early pubertal boys, while high sensitivity IL-6 was greater in obese than in normal-weight pre-pubertal boys. In pre-pubertal obese boys: at baseline, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein correlated negatively with catalase; high sensitivity IL-6 correlated positively with protein carbonyls; Δ (difference during exercise) adiponectin correlated positively with Δcatalase. In all boys: at baseline, high sensitivity IL-6 correlated positively with leptin and was the best negative and the second best positive predictor for post-exercise glutathione/oxidized glutathione and protein carbonyls, respectively; leptin was the best negative predictor for post-exercise glutathione; waist to height ratio was the best positive predictor for post-exercise thiobarbitouric acid reactive substances; body mass index z-score and adiponectin were, respectively, the best positive predictor for post-exercise protein carbonyls and catalase.

Conclusions

In all subjects, leptin and adiponectin predict negatively and positively anti-oxidation, respectively, while high sensitivity IL-6 predicts positively and negatively pro- and anti-oxidation, respectively. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein is increased and negatively associated with anti-oxidation in pre-pubertal obese boys, suggesting that childhood obesity is associated with aseptic inflammation and oxidative stress.

http://ift.tt/2isKEpX

2016 Biennial Meeting of the American Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, Chicago, IL, USA, June 18-21, 2016: Abstracts

Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2016;94(suppl 2):1-77

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Title Page / Table of Contents

Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2016;94(suppl 2):I-II

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