Zygomatico-maxillary Reconstruction with Computer-aided Manufacturing of a Free DCIA Osseous Flap and Intraoral Anastomoses

Summary: Craniomaxillofacial reconstruction using virtual surgical planning, computer-aided manufacturing, and new microsurgical techniques optimizes patient-specific and defect-directed reconstruction. A 3D customized free deep circumflex iliac artery (DCIA) flap with intraoral anastomoses was performed on a 23-year-old man with a posttraumatic right zygomatico-maxillary defect with failure of alloplastic implant reconstruction. An osseous iliac crest flap was sculpted based on a customized 3D model of the mirror image of the patient's unaffected side to allow for perfect fit to the zygomatico-maxillary defect. An intraoral dissection of the facial artery and vein was performed within the right cheek mucosa and allowed for end-to-end microvascular anastomoses. 3D preoperative planning and customized free DCIA osseous flap combined with an intraoral microsurgical technique provided restoration of facial esthetics and function without visible scars. In cases where zygomatico-malar reconstruction by alloplastic material fails, a customized free DCIA osseous flap can be designed by virtual surgical planning to restore facial appearance and function.

http://ift.tt/2m0caI7

The 4-flap Jester’s Hat Technique for Nipple Reduction

Summary: Macrothelia, or nipple hypertrophy, is a condition that may cause severe psychological distress to those who suffer from it. Although effective in their primary goal of reducing nipple diameter and projection, previously reported techniques in nipple reduction suffer from imperfect aesthetic outcomes with noticeable scarring patterns, anatomically anomalous shape, and a smoothing of the natural ruffles of the nipple. We propose a simple technique to nipple reduction that improves upon previous techniques and creates a more naturally appearing nipple. A 4-flap technique resembling a jester's hat is described whereby suture lines are concealed within the central nipple to recreate the naturally ruffled appearance of a native nipple. Four patients have undergone this technique at a single institution with 100% patient satisfaction and no postoperative complications. Nipple sensation was maintained in all patients postoperatively. A 4-flap nipple reduction technique is a viable alternative to previously described techniques, which may offer more anatomically congruent results.

http://ift.tt/2m02Uni

Oncogene addiction in non-small cell lung cancer: focus on ROS1 inhibition

Publication date: Available online 12 March 2017
Source:Cancer Treatment Reviews
Author(s): Francesco Facchinetti, Giulio Rossi, Emilio Bria, Jean-Charles Soria, Benjamin Besse, Roberta Minari, Luc Friboulet, Marcello Tiseo
Detection of molecular aberrations driving the biology and the clinical behavior of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) allows the adoption of specific therapeutic strategies dramatically impacting disease courses. Among these, ROS1 rearrangements are present in1-2% of lung adenocarcinomas. Thanks to similarities between ALK and ROS1 oncogenes, lessons inferred from ALK can be applied to ROS1-positive NSCLC; nevertheless, disparities exist between diseases mastered by these two fusion genes. In the absence of more common genetic alterations detected in NSCLC (e. g. EGFR and KRAS mutations, ALK gene fusions), seeking for ROS1 rearrangements is crucial. Dedicated molecular diagnostics should be standardized, hopefully relying upon practical and efficient algorithms, comprehending immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridisation. The major clinical impact exerted by crizotinib represents the main reason for which not even a sole ROS1-positive tumor should be undetected. The recent approval of the inhibitor by both American and European health agencies would hopefully boost the widespread testing for ROS1, eventually increasing the absolute number of positive cases, potential further source of information regarding molecular and clinical resistance. In vitro and clinical evidence have already been generated concerning crizotinib resistance and strategies to maintain patients under specific driver-inhibition are being successfully developed. Gathering data concerning diagnostics, preclinical evidence, clinical practice and ongoing studies, the present review depicts the current scenario of ROS1 inhibition in NSCLC.



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Clinical Thyroidology for the Public – Highlighted Article

From Clinical Thyroidology for the Public: There are clear effects of thyroid hormone on the heart. Some clinical studies have shown an increased risk of heart disease and death in patients with hypothyroidism, both mild and overt. Read More….

The post Clinical Thyroidology for the Public – Highlighted Article appeared first on American Thyroid Association.

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Structural, rheological and nutraceutical potential of β-glucan from barley and oat

Publication date: Available online 12 March 2017
Source:Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre
Author(s): Asima Shah, Adil Gani, F.A. Masoodi, Shoib M. Wani, Bilal Ahmad Ashwar
β-glucan in oat and barley were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, size-exclusion chromatography and purity estimation by Megazyme β-glucan assay kit. Oat and barley β-glucan had average molecular weights of 2.0×103kDa and 1.79 ×10³kDa, respectively. Rheological analysis suggested that β-glucan consisted of interchain aggregations and showed shear thinning behavior as revealed from Herschel-Bulkely model and frequency sweep. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by three complementary assays. Oat β- glucan showed increased DPPH scavenging activity, reducing power, and protection against DNA damage than barley β-glucan. Further, the antiproliferative potential of β-glucan was tested against three human cancer cell lines using MTT assay (3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)−2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide). β-glucan exhibited dose dependent cancer cell growth inhibition with oat β-glucan being more potent than barley β-glucan. This study demonstrates that barley and oat beta glucans hold nutraceutical potential of importance for functional food development and human health in general.

Graphical abstract

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Genetics of coronary artery disease: discovery, biology and clinical translation

The past decade has seen tremendous progress in understanding the genetic architecture of coronary artery disease (CAD). Khera and Kathiresan review research efforts that have improved our understanding of the genetic drivers of CAD, and discuss the promises and challenges of integrating genetic information into routine clinical practice.

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Transplant genetics and genomics

Advances in genetics and genomics have transformed the field of organ transplantation. Here, the authors review the role of genetic dissimilarities between donor and recipient in transplant tolerance and rejection, and how the identification of genetic variants that predict adverse transplant outcomes can be used for personalized medicine.

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Integration site selection by retroviruses and transposable elements in eukaryotes

Next-generation sequencing has facilitated the study of how transposable elements and retroviruses select their diverse genomic sites of integration, and revealed integration site preferences that range from specific nucleotide sequences to particular chromatin states. The authors review the various mechanisms of integration site selection in eukaryotes, as well as the molecular and cellular determinants that guide this process.

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A paperless office – what does it mean?

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Letter re: Radiation shielding in dentistry: an update

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Corrigendum

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Comment: ‘Radiation shielding in dentistry: an update’

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Continuing Professional Development Quiz

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Continuing Professional Development Calendar

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Issue Information - TOC and JEB

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Heritability of brain activity related to response inhibition: A longitudinal genetic study in adolescent twins

Publication date: Available online 12 March 2017
Source:International Journal of Psychophysiology
Author(s): Andrey P. Anokhin, Simon Golosheykin, Julia D. Grant, Andrew C. Heath
The ability to inhibit prepotent but context- or goal-inappropriate responses is essential for adaptive self-regulation of behavior. Deficits in response inhibition, a key component of impulsivity, have been implicated as a core dysfunction in a range of neuropsychiatric disorders such as ADHD and addictions. Identification of genetically transmitted variation in the neural underpinnings of response inhibition can help to elucidate etiological pathways to these disorders and establish the links between genes, brain, and behavior. However, little is known about genetic influences on the neural mechanisms of response inhibition during adolescence, a developmental period characterized by weak self-regulation of behavior. Here we investigated heritability of ERPs elicited in a Go/No-Go task in a large sample of adolescent twins assessed longitudinally at ages 12, 14, and 16. Genetic analyses showed significant heritability of inhibition-related frontal N2 and P3 components at all three ages, with 50 to 60% of inter-individual variability being attributable to genetic factors. These genetic influences included both common genetic factors active at different ages and novel genetic influences emerging during development. Finally, individual differences in the rate of developmental changes from age 12 to age 16 were significantly influenced by genetic factors. In conclusion, the present study provides the first evidence for genetic influences on neural correlates of response inhibition during adolescence and suggests that ERPs elicited in the Go/No-Go task can serve as intermediate neurophysiological phenotypes (endophenotypes) for the study of disinhibition and impulse control disorders.



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Improving the impact strength of Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) in fused layer modeling (FLM)

Publication date: 7 April 2017
Source:Polymer, Volume 114
Author(s): Lu Wang, William M. Gramlich, Douglas J. Gardner
Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most popular thermoplastics for fused deposition modeling (FDM). Attributed to its semi-crystalline nature, the relation between printing parameters and properties are more complicated than amorphous thermoplastics like acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS). This study was designed to investigate two printing parameters, layer height (0.2 and 0.4 mm) and plate temperature (30 and 160 °C) on the Izod impact strength of printed PLA. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the existence of α crystals in parts printed from 160 °C-plate temperature and α′ crystals in those printed at 30 °C-plate temperature. Parts printed with a 160 °C (plate temperature) had higher crystallinity. Polarized optical microscope (POM) observations illustrated that the plate temperature of 160 °C and layer height of 0.2 mm induced higher crystallinity, smaller crystals and interfacial crystal bands. The Izod impact strength of printed PLA at higher plate temperature was up to 114% higher than injection molded PLA made using conventional molding parameters.

Graphical abstract

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Structure, Synthesis and Biological Properties of the Pentacyclic Guanidinium Alkaloids

Publication date: Available online 12 March 2017
Source:Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
Author(s): Yunlong Shi, Yasamin Moazami, Joshua G. Pierce
The pentacyclic guanidinium alkaloids (PGAs) are a family of marine natural products that possess a polycyclic guanidine-containing core and a long alkyl chain tethered spermidine-derived tail that is rarely observed in other natural products. These natural products exhibit potent activities on a wide range of organisms and therefore have attracted the attention of many synthetic chemists; however, the structure-activity relationships and mechanisms of action of PGAs remain largely elusive. Herein we summarize the structure, synthesis, toxicity and mechanisms of action of PGAs and highlight their potential as chemical probes and/or therapeutic leads.

Graphical abstract

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Radiosurgery for intracranial meningiomas: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Publication date: Available online 12 March 2017
Source:Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
Author(s): Valentina Pinzi, Elena Biagioli, Anna Roberto, Francesca Galli, Michele Rizzi, Federica Chiappa, Greta Brenna, Laura Fariselli, Irene Floriani
BackgroundRadiosurgery(RS), both in single and multiple sessions, have been performed for intracranial meningiomas. Different aspects are still controversial on this field. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the current literature on long-term efficacy and safety of RS for meningiomas.MethodsOnline databases were searched for studies published until April 2015. The primary outcomes were disease control and progression-free-survival(PFS). The secondary outcomes were symptom control and radiation-induced toxicity.ResultsThe estimate of disease control rate ranged from 87.0% to 100.0% at 5 years and from 67.0% to 100.0% at 10 years. The PFS rate ranged 78.0%–98.9% and 53.1%–97.2% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. The overall symptom control was 92.3%, the overall toxicity was 8.1%.ConclusionsRS can be considered a safe and effective treatment. Efforts are needed in standardizing the definition of local and symptom control and toxicity in order to properly compare different treatment schedules.



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A novel SERS-based magnetic aptasensor for prostate specific antigen assay with high sensitivity

Publication date: 15 August 2017
Source:Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Volume 94
Author(s): Kang Yang, Yongjun Hu, Ning Dong, Guichi Zhu, Tingfeng Zhu, Ningjing Jiang
The accurate and highly sensitive detection of prostate specific antigen (PSA) is particularly important, especially for obese men and patients. In this report, we present a novel aptamer-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor that employs magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) core-Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) satellite assemblies to detect PSA. The high specific biorecognition between aptamer and PSA caused the dissolution of the core-satellite assemblies, thus the concentration of functionalized AuNPs (signal probes) existing in the supernatant was on the rise with the continual addition of PSA. The aptamer-modified MNPs were used as supporting materials and separation tools in the present sensor. With the assistance of magnet, the mixture was removed from the supernatant for the concentration effects. It was found that the corresponding SERS signals from the supernatant were in direct correlation to PSA concentrations over a wide range and the limit of detection (LOD) was as low as 5.0pg/mL. Excellent recovery was also obtained to assess the feasibility of this method for human serum samples detection. All of these results show a promising application of this method. And this novel sensor can be used for the accurate and highly sensitive detection of PSA in clinic samples in the future.



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