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Τρίτη 10 Οκτωβρίου 2017
Scholar : These new articles for Corrections are available online
Scholar : These new articles for Levant are available online
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Glycan diversity in the vomeronasal organ of the Korean roe deer, Capreolus pygargus: A lectin histochemical study
Source:Acta Histochemica
Author(s): Taekyun Shin, Jeongtae Kim, Yuna Choi, Meejung Ahn
Glycans in the epithelium play an important role in cell-to-cell communication and adhesion. No detailed evaluation of glycoconjugates in the vomeronasal organs (VNO) of the roe deer has been published previously. The aim of this study was to characterize glycan epitopes in the vomeronasal sensory epithelium (VSE) and non-sensory epithelium (VNSE) using lectin histochemistry. Glycan epitopes identified by lectin histochemistry were grouped as follows: N‐acetylglucosamine (s-WGA, WGA, BSL-II, DSL, LEL, STL), mannose (Con A, LCA, PSA), galactose (RCA120, BSL-I, Jacalin, PNA, ECL), N-acetylgalactosamine (VVA, DBA, SBA, and SJA), fucose (UEA-I) and complex type N-glycan (PHA-E and PHA-L) groups. The free border of the VSE was positive for all 21 lectins, and 18 of the lectins (excluding DBA, SJA, and PHA-L) showed weak and/or moderate staining in the receptor cells. The supporting cells were weakly positive for 19 lectins (excluding PNA and SJA). Moreover, 17 lectins (excluding BSL-II, Jacalin, PNA, and SJA) were expressed in the basal cells. In the VNSE of roe deer, the free border showed staining for all 21 lectins examined. The ciliated cells were positive for 16 lectins (excluding BSL-II, DSL, PNA, VVA, and SJA). Furthermore, 15 lectins (excluding DSL, LEL, ECL, UEA-I, PHA-E, and PHA-L) were expressed in goblet cells. Twenty lectins (excluding SJA) were expressed in the acini of the vomeronasal glands. Collectively, both VSE and VNSE were rich in N-acetylglucosamine, mannose, galactose, N‐acetylgalactosamine, fucose, and complex-type N-glycans, although the different cell types of the VSE and VNSE expressed different glycoconjugates of varying intensities, suggesting that these carbohydrate residues may be involved in odor perception as well as cell-to-cell communication in the VNO.
http://ift.tt/2i2ebrc
Timeliness of childhood vaccination in the Federated States of Micronesia
Source:Vaccine
Author(s): Ashley Tippins, Andrew J. Leidner, Mehreen Meghani, Aja Griffin, Louisa Helgenberger, Mawuli Nyaku, J. Michael Underwood
BackgroundVaccination coverage is typically measured as the proportion of individuals who have received recommended vaccine doses by the date of assessment. This approach does not provide information about receipt of vaccines by the recommended age, which is critical for ensuring optimal protection from vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs).ObjectiveTo assess vaccination timeliness in the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), and the projected impact of suboptimal vaccination in the event of an outbreak.MethodsTimeliness of the 4th dose of diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP) and 1st dose of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR) among children 24–35 months was assessed in FSM. Both doses are defined as on time if administered from 361 through 395 days in age. Timeliness was calculated by one-way frequency analysis, and dose delays, measured in months after recommended age, were described using inverse Kaplan-Meier analysis. A time-series susceptible-exposed-infected-recovery (TSEIR) model simulated measles outbreaks in populations with on time and late vaccination.ResultsTotal coverage for the 4th dose of DTaP ranged from 36.6% to 98.8%, and for the 1st dose of MMR ranged from 80.9% to 100.0% across FSM states. On time coverage for the 4th dose of DTaP ranged from 3.2% to 52.3%, and for the 1st dose of MMR ranged from 21.1% to 66.9%. Maximum and median dose delays beyond the recommended age varied by state. TSEIR models predicted 10.8–13.7% increases in measles cases during an outbreak based on these delays.ConclusionsIn each of the FSM states, a substantial proportion of children received DTaP and MMR doses outside the recommended timeframe. Children who receive vaccinations later than recommended remain susceptible to VPDs during the period they remain unvaccinated, which may have a substantial impact on health systems during an outbreak. Immunization programs should consider vaccination timeliness in addition to coverage as a measure of susceptibility to VPDs in young children.
http://ift.tt/2xxC2AM
Markers influencing the presence of partial clinical remission in patients with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes
Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Issue: Ahead of print
http://ift.tt/2i0hXRF
Congenital cataract with LSS gene mutations: a new case report
Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Issue: Ahead of print
http://ift.tt/2gapU6u
Genetic analysis of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) deficiency in nine consanguineous Pakistani families
Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Issue: Ahead of print
http://ift.tt/2i1V6W7
Structure-activity relationships among DNA ligase inhibitors; characterization of a selective uncompetitive DNA ligase I inhibitor
Source:DNA Repair
Author(s): Timothy R.L. Howes, Annahita Sallymr, Rhys Brooks, George E. Greco, Darin E. Jones, Yoshihiro Matsumoto, Alan E. Tomkinson
In human cells, there are three genes that encode DNA ligase polypeptides with distinct but overlapping functions. Previously small molecule inhibitors of human DNA ligases were identified using a structure-based approach. Three of these inhibitors, L82, a DNA ligase I (LigI)-selective inhibitor, and L67, an inhibitor of LigI and DNA ligases III (LigIII), and L189, an inhibitor of all three human DNA ligases, have related structures that are composed of two 6-member aromatic rings separated by different linkers. Here we have performed a structure-activity analysis to identify determinants of activity and selectivity. The majority of the LigI-selective inhibitors had a pyridazine ring whereas the LigI/III- and LigIII-selective inhibitors did not. In addition, the aromatic rings in LigI-selective inhibitors had either arylhydrazone or acylhydrazone, but not vinyl linkers. Among the LigI-selective inhibitors, L82-G17 exhibited increased activity against and selectivity for LigI compared with L82. Notably. L82-G17 is an uncompetitive inhibitor of the third step of the ligation reaction, phosphodiester bond formation. Cells expressing DNA ligase I were more sensitive to L82-G17 than isogenic LIG1 null cells. Furthermore, cells lacking nuclear LigIIIα, which can substitute for LigI in DNA replication, were also more sensitive to L82-G17 than isogenic parental cells. Together, our results demonstrate that L82-G17 is a LigI-selective inhibitor with utility as a probe of the catalytic activity and cellular functions of LigI and provide a framework for the future design of DNA ligase inhibitors.
http://ift.tt/2ydDmwK
Cleavage of Ku80 by caspase-2 promotes non-homologous end joining-mediated DNA repair
Publication date: Available online 10 October 2017
Source:DNA Repair
Author(s): Qiongyu Yan, Huiqin Zhu, Li Lan, Jing Yi, Jie Yang
Non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ)-mediated repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) requires the formation of a Ku70/Ku80/DNA-PKcs complex at the DSB site. A previous study has revealed Ku80 cleavage by caspase-3 during apoptosis. However, it remains largely unknown whether and how Ku80 cleavage affects its function in mediating NHEJ-mediated DNA repair. Here we report that Ku80 can be cleaved by caspases-2 at D726 upon a transient etoposide treatment. Caspase-2-mediated Ku80 cleavage promotes Ku80/DNA-PKcs interaction as the D726A mutation diminished Ku80 interaction with DNA-PKcs, while a Ku80 truncate (Ku80 ΔC6) lacking all the 6 residues following D726 rescued the weakened Ku80/DNA-PKcs interaction caused by caspase-2 knockdown. As a result, depletion or inhibition of caspase-2 impairs NHEJ-mediated DNA repair, and such impairment can be reversed by Ku80 ΔC6 overexpression. Taken together, our current study provides a novel mechanism for regulating NHEJ-mediated DNA repair, and sheds light on the function of caspase-2 in genomic stability maintenance.
Graphical abstract
http://ift.tt/2gbdDid
Corticomuscular coherence reflects somatosensory feedback gains during motor adaptation
Source:Neuroscience Research
Author(s): Shoko Kasuga, Natsumi Momose, Junichi Ushiyama, Junichi Ushiba
Beta-band corticomuscular coherence (CMC) observed between the sensorimotor cortex activity and contracting muscle is declaratively described as a neurophysiological reflection of sensorimotor binding. However, much remains unknown about the functional meaning of 'sensorimotor binding.' The efficacy of information binding in the sensorimotor system is assumed to be influenced by the gain of the feedback controller, which is regulated through a process that may in part be implemented in the primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1). Thus, we predicted that CMC is modulated together with feedback gains during motor learning. We examined this hypothesis using a hand-reaching adaptation task under a novel dynamical environment. CMC modulation was assessed before and after adaptation, and feedback gains were probed by long latency triggered muscle reactions. Overall, we found that CMC significantly decreased during the adaptation period, and such CMC decrease was associated with the decreased long latency reflexes. These results suggest that CMC has a related function to modulation of feedback gains. Our findings provided an electrophysiological hallmark of the sensorimotor binding process, which was stated as a function of CMC but poorly understood.
http://ift.tt/2ydDYTk
Suppression of nucleocytoplasmic p27Kip1 export attenuates CDK4-mediated neuronal death induced by status epilepticus
Source:Neuroscience Research
Author(s): Ji-Eun Kim, Tae-Cheon Kang
Aberrant cell cycle re-entry promotes neuronal death in various neurological diseases. Thus, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) seem to be one of potential therapeutic targets to prevent neuronal loss. In the present study, we investigated the involvements of CDK4, CDK5 and p27Kip1 (an endogenous CDK inhibitor) in status epilepticus (SE)-induced neuronal death. Following SE, CDK4 expression was increased in CA1 neurons, while CDK5 was decreased. Most of TUNEL-positive neurons showed CDK4 expression, but less CDK5 expression. Flavopiridol (a CDK4 inhibitor) attenuated TUNEL signal and CDK4 expression in CA1 neurons following SE. CDK5 inhibitors did not affect these phenomena. Both flavopiridol and leptomycin B (an inhibitor of chromosome region maintenance 1) mitigated SE-induced neuronal death by inhibiting nucleocytoplasmic p27Kip1 translocation. These findings suggest that SE may lead to nucleocytoplasmic p27Kip1 export that initiates CDK4, not CDK5, induction, which an abortive and fatal cell cycle re-entry progress in CA1 neurons.
http://ift.tt/2gaqVLN
Scholar : These new articles for Comparative Legal History are available online
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Mild synthesis of a Zn(II) metal organic polymer and its hybrid with activated carbon: Application as antibacterial agent and in water treatment by using sonochemistry: Optimization, kinetic and isotherm study
Publication date: March 2018
Source:Ultrasonics Sonochemistry, Volume 41
Author(s): Tahere Taghipour, Gholamreza Karimipour, Mehrorang Ghaedi, Arash Asfaram
In this work, a room temperature and short method (30min) for synthesis of nanosized rod-like metal organic polymer (MOP) has been described. Reaction of 1,4-phenylenedioxy diacetic acid with zinc salt leads to the formation of [Zn(C10H8O6)(H2O)4]n and subsequently was loaded on activated carbon following sonication and structurally characterized by FTIR, SEM, EDX and XRD analysis. The combination of this new composite with sonication was applied for rapid and efficient adsorption of Bromocresol Purple (BCP). Effects of initial BCP concentration, mass of adsorbent and sonication time on response were investigated and optimized by central composite design (CCD). Analysis of variation (ANOVA) was adapted to experimental data to find best optimum conditions which was set at 15.22mgL−1, 2.41min, 0.02g and 0.009mg for initial BCP concentration, sonication time and adsorbent mass, respectively. Conduction of similar experiments at specified condition permit achievement of 98.69% removal percentage. 1,4-phenylenedioxy diacetic acid and Zn(NO3)2.4H2O which have applied for preparation of MOP are interesting antibacterial properties and accordingly MOP was screened in vitro for their antibacterial actively against Proteus vulgaris bacteria and experimental results reveal this MOP was able to inhibit growth of the tested bacteria. The experimental data were best fitted by pseudo-second order and Langmuir for kinetic model and the adsorption equilibrium isotherm, respectively.
Graphical abstract
http://ift.tt/2y9dvqt
Nonmonotonic behavior of luminescence characteristics of fine-dispersed self-propagating high-temperature synthesized ZnS:Mn depending on size of its particles
Publication date: February 2018
Source:Journal of Luminescence, Volume 194
Author(s): Yu.Yu. Bacherikov, A.V. Gilchuk, A.G. Zhuk, R.V. Kurichka, O.B. Okhrimenko, S.E. Zelensky, S.A. Kravchenko
We performed a comparative analysis of photoluminescence spectra of micro- and meso-fractions of powdery ZnS:Mn obtained by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis. It was found that manganese ions take part in excitation of ZnS self-activated luminescence. From the data on photoluminescence excitation spectra it was established that excitation of emitting Mn ion in ZnS:Mn meso-fraction is realized with participation of sensitizers (MnZn) and without charge carriers excited at interband absorption. This is explained within a model according to which, at particles size smaller than double length of the space charge region, the particle potential barrier becomes lower and Fermi level decreases owing to summation of space charge regions of opposite particle surfaces, i.e., the depletion region extends over the total particle volume.
http://ift.tt/2y7VZ5U
Scholar : These new articles for Voice and Speech Review are available online
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When does behavior follow intent? Relationships between trait level dietary restraint and daily eating behaviors
Source:Appetite, Volume 120
Author(s): Rachel F. Rodgers, Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, Millicent Holmes, Helen Skouteris, Jaclyn Broadbent
BackgroundThe relationship between self-report trait level restriction and daily engagement in restriction behaviors is not well understood, and as a result the usefulness of such trait level measures is unclear. The present study aimed both to examine the validity of self-reported trait dietary restraint behaviors, and to examine the respective relationships among self-reported trait dietary restraint intentions and behaviors and both restrained and disinhibited eating at the daily level.MethodsA sample of 109 women (Mage = 24.72, SD = 4.15) completed a self-report trait level measure of dietary restraint before providing EMA data on their daily engagement in dietary restraint and disinhibited eating behaviors, as well as mood, over a period of 7 days. Multilevel hurdle models were used to test the relationship between trait levels of dietary restraint, and daily level reports of restraint and disinhibited eating behaviors.ResultsTrait restraint behavior was a consistent predictor of daily presence and frequency of restraint behaviors. In contrast, trait restraint intentions was not a predictor of daily restraint behaviors, however it did predict daily frequency of overeating. In addition, daily negative affect emerged as a predictor of comfort eating, but was not predictive of restraint behaviors.ConclusionsFindings confirm the usefulness of assessments of self-reported trait dietary restraint behaviors as a method of capturing dieting behaviors. In contrast, trait level dietary restraint intentions was a poor predictor of eating outcomes and more research on the way that restraint intentions affect eating behaviors is warranted.
http://ift.tt/2yDYBJp
ATP released from astrocytes modulates action potential threshold and spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents in the neonatal rat prefrontal cortex
Source:Brain Research Bulletin
Author(s): Edward Beamer, Gergely Kovács, Beata Sperlágh
Maternal immune activation during pregnancy is a risk factor for neurodevelopmental disorders, such as schizophrenia; however, a full mechanistic understanding has yet to be established. The activity of a transient cell population, the subplate neurons, is critical for the development of cortical inhibition and functional thalamocortical connections. Sensitivity of these cells to factors released during inflammation, therefore, may offer a link between maternal immune activation and the aberrant cortical development underlying some neuropsychiatric disorders. An elevated extracellular ATP concentration is associated with inflammation and has been shown to have an effect on neuronal activity. Here, we investigated the effect of ATP on the electrophysiological properties of subplate neurons.Exogenous ATP increased the frequency and amplitude of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) at micromolar concentrations. Further, ATP released by astrocytes activated by the PAR-1 agonist, TFLLR-NH2, also increased the amplitude and frequency of sEPSCs in subplate neurons. The electrophysiological properties of subplate neurons recorded from prefrontal cortical (PFC) slices from neonatal rats were also disrupted in a maternal immune activation rat model of schizophrenia, with a suramin-sensitive increase in frequency and amplitude of sEPSCs. An alternative neurodevelopmental rat model of schizophrenia, MAM-E17, which did not rely on maternal immune activation, however, showed no change in subplate neuron activity. Both models were validated with behavioural assays, showing schizophrenia-like endophenotypes in young adulthood. The purinergic modulation of subplate neuron activity offers a potential explanatory link between maternal immune activation and disruptions in cortical development that lead to the emergence of neuropsychiatric disorders.
http://ift.tt/2kFelp0
Follow up study: The influence of rTMS with high and low frequency stimulation on motor and executive function in Parkinson’s disease
Source:Brain Research Bulletin, Volume 135
Author(s): Judit Málly, Noemi Geisz, Elek Dinya
BackgroundrTMS may influence on both cognitive and motor function in PD but the daily routine and the predictors of responders to rTMS are not known.Objective/hypothesisWe hypothesized that the frequency and intensity of stimulation somehow relate to each other. Our goal was to select the optimal frequency with low intensity for PD. We clarified the importance of age in the effect of rTMS.MethodsA total sixty-six patients with PD were included in the study. In an open investigation, randomly selected patients were divided into three groups. The effects of 1Hz (N=28), 5Hz (N=13) and 5+1Hz (N=25) frequency at low intensity over each DLPFC and the brain stem for 7days were compared. Patients were followed for six months. UPDRS, the Trail Making Test, and dual tasks were applied. Patients ≤65years >65yrs were compared. Data were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA.ResultsOnly 1Hz had an effect on motor scores. Before the trial patients≤65 yrs had UPDRS total scores of 30.3±16.9, after 1 month: 17.8±8.9 p<0.001, after 6 months 18.3±8.8 p<0.001. Improvement of patients >65yrs was observed after one month (p<0.01). Executive function >65yrs (N=16) was significantly worse compared with C (N=15) and it was improved temporarily by 1Hz. Five Hertz and 5+1Hz did not cause improvement.ConclusionOne Hertz with proper intensity has a good outcome in PD. Patients >65yrs show deterioration in their executive function and they have shorter duration in their therapeutic effect of rTMS. This study draws attention to the importance of stimulation intensity and age as a predictor of the effect of rTMS.
http://ift.tt/2xvbNAa
Systematic review of electronic surveillance of infectious diseases with emphasis on antimicrobial resistance surveillance in resource-limited settings
Source:American Journal of Infection Control
Author(s): Pinyo Rattanaumpawan, Adhiratha Boonyasiri, Sirenda Vong, Visanu Thamlikitkul
BackgroundElectronic surveillance of infectious diseases involves rapidly collecting, collating, and analyzing vast amounts of data from interrelated multiple databases. Although many developed countries have invested in electronic surveillance for infectious diseases, the system still presents a challenge for resource-limited health care settings.MethodsWe conducted a systematic review by performing a comprehensive literature search on MEDLINE (January 2000-December 2015) to identify studies relevant to electronic surveillance of infectious diseases. Study characteristics and results were extracted and systematically reviewed by 3 infectious disease physicians.ResultsA total of 110 studies were included. Most surveillance systems were developed and implemented in high-income countries; less than one-quarter were conducted in low-or middle-income countries. Information technologies can be used to facilitate the process of obtaining laboratory, clinical, and pharmacologic data for the surveillance of infectious diseases, including antimicrobial resistance (AMR) infections. These novel systems require greater resources; however, we found that using electronic surveillance systems could result in shorter times to detect targeted infectious diseases and improvement of data collection.ConclusionsThis study highlights a lack of resources in areas where an effective, rapid surveillance system is most needed. The availability of information technology for the electronic surveillance of infectious diseases, including AMR infections, will facilitate the prevention and containment of such emerging infectious diseases.
http://ift.tt/2g0cYfF
Scholar : These new articles for Journal of Crime and Justice are available online
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Publication date: September 2017 Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Volume 110 Author(s): Lucía Fernández-del-Río, Anish Nag, Elen...
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Abstract Noise pollution is a major factor of environmental complaints in many cities, which has significant impacts on human health. As a...
