Use of coliphages to investigate norovirus contamination in a shellfish growing area in Republic of Korea

Abstract

A number of severe norovirus outbreaks due to the consumption of contaminated shellfish have been reported recently. In this study, we evaluated the distribution of coliphage densities to determine their efficacy as fecal indicators of enteric viruses, including noroviruses, in water samples collected from a shellfish growing area in Republic of Korea over a period of approximately 1 year. Male-specific and somatic coliphages in water samples were analyzed using the single agar layer method, and norovirus genogroups I and II, which infect mainly humans, were analyzed using duplex reverse transcription quantitative PCR. Male-specific and somatic coliphages were detected widely throughout the study area. Several environmental parameters, including salinity, precipitation, temperature, and wind speed were significantly correlated with coliphage concentrations (P < 0.05). Moreover, the concentrations of male-specific coliphages were positively correlated with the presence of human noroviruses (r = 0.443; P < 0.01). The geospatial analysis with coliphage concentrations using a geographic information system revealed that densely populated residential areas were the major source of fecal contamination. Our results indicate that coliphage monitoring in water could be a useful approach to prevent norovirus contamination in shellfish.

https://ift.tt/2AEpgr1

Effect of tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (thiram) in relation to tibial dyschondroplasia in chickens

Abstract

Tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (thiram) is one of the important pesticides, which is extensively used in agriculture, but if it is combined with the cell membrane, then it causes membrane damage, bone morphogenic inactivation, and inhibited angiogenesis. Thiram has been considered a common cause of tibial dyschondrolplasia (TD) in various avian species, because it becomes the part of feed due to environmental contamination and its overuse in agriculture as pesticides or fungicide. However, there is no systematic study on the changes of the correlation indexes with toxic effect of the thiram in chickens. Therefore, we evaluated the toxic effects of thiram on growth performance of chickens, viscera organ index, pathological changes in tissue, and gene expression associated with osteoblast differentiation, vascularization, and tibial bone development. For this study, 1-day chickens (n = 300) were randomly distributed into two equal groups, control group (normal basal diet) and thiram group (adding thiram 40 mg/kg in basal diet). The result presented that thiram group chickens were looking unhealthy, lazy, and showing clinical symptoms like lameness. Thiram treatment significantly reduced the performance of chickens, liver index, and tibial length compared with control group. The toxic effect of thiram increased the visceral organ index (spleen and cardiac), tibia index, and TD severity considerably. It also increased serum Ca²⁺ and P³⁺ concentration and decreased tibial density compared to control chickens but the difference was not significant. Histopathology of tibia and liver showed that there were severe lesions due to toxic effect of thiram. Furthermore, HIF-1α and VEGF antibody localizations were increased and WNT4 localization was reduced significantly in immunohistochemical analysis. This systemic study of toxic effects of thiram in chicken concluded that thiram reduced the growth performance of chickens through decreasing liver index, whereas increasing kidney, cardiac, and spleen index, and induced TD by changing the expressions of VEGF, HIF-1α, and WNT4.

https://ift.tt/2OIV1m7

mTORC1 and IRS1: Another Deadly Kiss

Publication date: Available online 3 August 2018

Source: Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism

Author(s): Amin Ardestani, Kathrin Maedler

Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex (mTORC)1 is the major regulator of metabolism at the cellular and organismal level. mTORC1-mediated regulatory feedback loops enable adaptation to nutrient and growth factor availability and metabolic demand. In their recent study, Yoneyama et al. have identified and characterized a negative feedback loop from mTORC1 to insulin receptor substrate (IRS)1; the key component of the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway.

https://ift.tt/2KqcEUp

Pembrolizumab/Placebo Plus Trastuzumab Plus Chemotherapy in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Positive (HER2+) Advanced Gastric or Gastroesophageal Junction (GEJ) Adenocarcinoma (MK-3475-811/KEYNOTE-811)

Conditions:   Gastric Neoplasms;   Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma
Interventions:   Biological: Pembrolizumab;   Biological: Placebo;   Drug: Cisplatin;   Drug: 5-FU;   Drug: Oxaliplatin;   Drug: Capecitabine;   Drug: S-1;   Biological: Trastuzumab
Sponsor:   Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.
Not yet recruiting

https://ift.tt/2Mfy5Jq

Comparison of Lindioil (Indigo Naturalis Oil Extract) Ointment to Protopic® Ointment 0.1% in Treating Atopic Dermatitis

Condition:   Atopic Dermatitis
Interventions:   Drug: Lindioil ointment;   Drug: Protopic ointment 0.1%
Sponsors:   Chang Gung Memorial Hospital;   Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan
Not yet recruiting

https://ift.tt/2OBHRqK

Study of a Simplified Geriatric Evaluation Performed by Oncologists Prior to Cancer Treatment by Radiotherapy or Chemotherapy in Subjects Aged 70 Years or Older With Inoperable Squamous Cell Cancer of the Head and Neck

Condition:   Inoperable Squamous Cell Cancer of the Head and Neck
Interventions:   Other: Geriatric Screening Test G8;   Other: Geriatric fragility test GERICO
Sponsor:   Gustave Roussy, Cancer Campus, Grand Paris
Recruiting

https://ift.tt/2KpUrGx

Scholar : These new articles for International Journal of Performance Arts and Digital Media are available online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content New for International Journal of Performance Arts and Digital Media and online now on Taylor & Francis Online: Original Articles PND: autobiographical performance for virtual reality film Miriam Ross Pages: 1-9 | DOI: 10.1080/14794713.2018.1505384 RISE UP and join us at the American Alliance for Theatre & Education National Conference this summer – August 1-5 in Minneapolis! To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. Unsubscribe from new content alerts for this journal (both new issue and latest article notifications) with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Scholar : Eating Disorders, Volume 26, Issue 4, July-August 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content Eating Disorders, Volume 26, Issue 4, July-August 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online. This new issue contains the following articles: Original Articles Acceptance and psychological change at the higher levels of care: A naturalistic outcome study Keegan Walden, Jamie Manwaring, Dan V Blalock, Emmett Bishop, Alan Duffy & Craig Johnson Pages: 311-325 | DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2017.1400862 Examining youth and caregiver reports of depression and anxiety in families seeking eating disorder treatment Ashley A. Hicks White & Anastasia Snyder Pages: 326-342 | DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2017.1405650 Disordered eating and insulin restriction in type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and testable model Tara De Paoli & Peter J. Rogers Pages: 343-360 | DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2017.1405651 Subgrouping the users of a specialized app for eating disorders Shiri Sadeh-Sharvit, Jane Paik Kim, Alison M. Darcy, Eric Neri, Molly Vierhile, Athena Robinson, Jenna Tregarthen & James D. Lock Pages: 361-372 | DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2018.1440043 "They don't really get heard": A qualitative study of sibling involvement across two forms of family-based treatment for adolescent anorexia nervosa Tanja van Langenberg, Rony E. Duncan, J. Sabura Allen, Susan M. Sawyer, Daniel Le Grange & Elizabeth K. Hughes Pages: 373-387 | DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2018.1453632 Adolescents' perceptions of the quality of interpersonal relationships and eating disorder symptom severity: The mediating role of low self-esteem and negative mood Jade Pelletier Brochu, Dominique Meilleur, Giuseppina DiMeglio, Danielle Taddeo, Eric Lavoie, Julius Erdstein, Robert Pauzé, Caroline Pesant, Isabelle Thibault & Jean-Yves Frappier Pages: 388-406 | DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2018.1454806 To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. Unsubscribe from new content alerts for this journal (both new issue and latest article notifications) with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

The impacts of seawater physicochemical parameters and sediment metal contents on trace metal concentrations in mussels—a chemometric approach

Abstract

The concentrations of Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sr, Zn, and Hg were studied in Mytilus galloprovincialis collected from the coastal area of Montenegro. The impact of seawater temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, total organic carbon (TOC), and metal content in sediment samples on the metal contents in mussels collected from three locations in four different seasons was analyzed by a Pearson correlation coefficient (r), principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis (CA). These analyses were used to discriminate groups of samples, elements, and seawater parameters, according to similarity of samples chemical composition in different seasons, as well as the impact of seawater parameters and surface sediment composition on the mussels' element concentrations. Synergistic interactions occurred between seawater TOC, Fe, and Al concentrations in mussels. Compared with other studies, which are usually performed under constant laboratory conditions where mussels undergo only one stress at a time, this study was performed in nature. The analyses showed the importance of considering simultaneously acting environmental parameters that make determining of separate impacts of each factor selected very difficult and complex.

https://ift.tt/2McrejN

Igf3 activates {beta}-catenin signaling to stimulate spermatogonial differentiation in zebrafish

Follicle-stimulating hormone (Fsh) is a major regulator of spermatogenesis, targeting somatic cell functions in the testes. We reported previously that zebrafish Fsh promoted the differentiation of type A undifferentiated spermatogonia (A_und) by stimulating the production of factors that advance germ cell differentiation, such as androgens, insulin-like peptide 3 (Insl3) and insulin-like growth factor 3 (Igf3). In addition, Fsh also modulated the transcript levels of several other genes, including some belonging to the Wnt signaling pathway. Here, we evaluated if and how Fsh utilizes part of the canonical Wnt pathway to regulate the development of spermatogonia. We quantified the proliferation activity and relative section areas occupied by A_und and type A differentiating (A_diff) spermatogonia and we analyzed the expression of selected genes in response to recombinant proteins and pharmacological inhibitors. We found that from the three downstream mediators of Fsh activity we examined, Igf3, but not 11-ketotestosterone or Insl3, modulated the transcript levels of two β-catenin sensitive genes (cyclinD1 and axin2). Using a zebrafish β-catenin signaling reporter line, we showed that Igf3 activated β-catenin signaling in type A spermatogonia and that this activation did not depend on the release of Wnt ligands. Pharmacological inhibition of the β-catenin or of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways revealed that Igf3 activated β-catenin signaling in a manner involving PI3K to promote the differentiation of A_und to A_diff spermatogonia. This mechanism represents an intriguing example for a pituitary hormone like Fsh using Igf signaling to recruit the evolutionary conserved, local β-catenin signaling pathway to regulate spermatogenesis.

https://ift.tt/2LRWwR2

Grade 3 Neuroendocrine Tumor (G3 NET) in a Background of Multiple Serotonin Cell Neoplasms of the Ileum Associated with Carcinoid Syndrome and Aggressive Behavior

Abstract

Grade 3 well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (G3 NETs) have been characterized in the pancreas and stomach and distinguished from low-to-intermediate grade (G1–G2) NETs, as well as from highly malignant, poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs). Up to now, no G3 NET has been thoroughly described in the distal small intestine. We herein report a case of a 61-year-old man presenting with carcinoid syndrome. The surgical specimen showed, in a background of small G1 ileal NETs, a larger, grade 3 NET, which retained the nesting pattern and the expression of serotonin, chromogranin-A, and type 2A somatostatin receptors, typical of well-differentiated jejuno-ileal NETs. The patient had G3 NET metastasis to the liver and he died 14 months after surgery, due to deterioration in his clinical conditions.

https://ift.tt/2KmE9OB

Local and systemic effects of low-level light therapy with light-emitting diodes to improve erythema after fractional ablative skin resurfacing: a controlled study

Abstract

Therapy with light-emitting diodes (LED) has been associated with the reduction of erythema and accelerated wound healing. LED phototherapy has been used in various clinical practices including post-laser wound healing enhancement. Fractional laser resurfacing is one of the popular dermatological procedures; however, the duration and degree of downtime may limit daily life activity and studies on the effect of LED low-level light therapy (LED-LLLT) on post-ablative laser wound care are still limited. To evaluate local and systemic effects of LED-LLLT on post-ablative laser erythema and wound healing acceleration after fractional ablative laser resurfacing. The study was divided into two arms. First, a prospective split-face randomized controlled and single-blinded study involved 17 patients (split-face group) to determine the local and systemic effect of LED-LLLT. Patients with acne scars or rhytides were treated with a single session of fractional CO₂ laser followed by 830/590 nm LED-LLLT on one side of their faces. The duration of post-laser erythema, the erythema index, and transepidermal water loss were collected at baseline, and compared with 7-daily follow-up visits posttreatment for the non LED- and LED-treated sides. The second controlled arm of the study was performed on an additional 19 subjects (CO₂ group). The patients received a single fractional CO₂ laser treatment without any LED-LLLT with the same follow-up protocol. All measurements were compared with the results from the patients from the split-face group. In the split-face group, the duration of erythema post laser was equal (7.4 ± 2.8 days). No significant reduction in the erythema index and transepidermal water loss was seen in the LED-treated vs the non-treated side (p values = 0.99 and 0.78 respectively). For the second part of the study that compared the results between the split-face group and the control CO₂ only group, the duration of the post-laser erythema was comparable (p value = 0.32). However, the percentage difference of the erythema index from baseline in the split-face group was significantly lower than the CO₂ group on days 1, 4, 5, and 7 post-laser treatment (p value = 0.03 on days 1, 4, 5, and 0.04 on day 7) and the LED-treated side provided the lowest percentage difference of the erythema index followed by the non LED-treated side compared with the control CO₂ only group. 830/590 nm LED-LLLT may provide both local and systemic effects on the degree of post-ablative laser erythema in human skin, however, appropriate protocol settings should be considered to achieve a significant clinical outcome.

https://ift.tt/2vbGPcO

Photobiomodulation of the microbiome: implications for metabolic and inflammatory diseases

Abstract

The human microbiome is intimately associated with human health, with a role in obesity, metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, and divergent diseases such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. The microbiome can be changed by diet, probiotics, and faecal transplants, which has flow-on effects to health outcomes. Photobiomodulation has a therapeutic effect on inflammation and neurological disorders (amongst others) and has been reported to influence metabolic disorders and obesity. The aim of this study was to examine the possibility that PBM could influence the microbiome of mice. Mice had their abdomen irradiated with red (660 nm) or infrared (808 nm) low-level laser, either as single or multiple doses, over a 2-week period. Genomic DNA extracted from faecal pellets was pyrosequenced for the 16S rRNA gene. There was a significant (p < 0.05) difference in microbial diversity between PBM- and sham-treated mice. One genus of bacterium (Allobaculum) significantly increased (p < 0.001) after infrared (but not red light) PBM by day 14. Despite being a preliminary trial with small experimental numbers, we have demonstrated for the first time that PBM can alter microbiome diversity in healthy mice and increase numbers of Allobaculum, a bacterium associated with a healthy microbiome. This change is most probably a result of PBMt affecting the host, which in turn influenced the microbiome. If this is confirmed in humans, the possibility exists for PBMt to be used as an adjunct therapy in treatment of obesity and other lifestyle-related disorders, as well as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. The clinical implications of altering the microbiome using PBM warrants further investigation.

https://ift.tt/2AD7SD9

Scholar : Angelaki, Volume 23, Issue 4, August 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content Angelaki, Volume 23, Issue 4, August 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online. critical image configurations: the work of georges didi-huberman. issue editors: stijn de cauwer and laura katherine smith This new issue contains the following articles: Foreword CRITICAL IMAGE CONFIGURATIONS the work of georges didi-huberman Stijn De Cauwer & Laura Katherine Smith Pages: 1-2 | DOI: 10.1080/0969725X.2018.1497262 Editorial Introduction CRITICAL IMAGE CONFIGURATIONS the work of georges didi-huberman Stijn De Cauwer & Laura Katherine Smith Pages: 3-10 | DOI: 10.1080/0969725X.2018.1497264 Original Articles IMAGES RE-READ the method of georges didi-huberman Jacques Rancière, translated by Elise Woodard, Jorge Rodriguez Solorzano, Stijn De Cauwer & Laura Katherine Smith Pages: 11-18 | DOI: 10.1080/0969725X.2018.1497265 IMAGE, LANGUAGE the other dialectic Georges Didi-Huberman, translated by Elise Woodard, Jorge Rodriguez Solorzano, Stijn De Cauwer & Laura Katherine Smith Pages: 19-24 | DOI: 10.1080/0969725X.2018.1497267 LA DAMA DUENDE [THE PHANTOM LADY] Georges Didi-Huberman & translated by Christopher Woodall Pages: 25-41 | DOI: 10.1080/0969725X.2018.1497268 THE READABILITY OF IMAGES (AND) OF HISTORY laudatio on the occasion of the awarding of the adorno prize (2015) to georges didi-huberman Sigrid Weigel, translated by Michiel Rys & Jan Vanvelk Pages: 42-46 | DOI: 10.1080/0969725X.2018.1497277 HE OR SHE WHO GLIMPSES, DESIRES, IS WOUNDED a dialogue in the interspace (zwischenraum) between aby warburg and georges didi-huberman Barbara Baert Pages: 47-79 | DOI: 10.1080/0969725X.2018.1497280 THE PEOPLE-IMAGE the political philosophy of georges didi-huberman Ludger Schwarte & translated by Christopher Woodall Pages: 80-90 | DOI: 10.1080/0969725X.2018.1497281 EYES WIDE OPEN what the eye of history compels us to do Robert Harvey Pages: 91-102 | DOI: 10.1080/0969725X.2018.1497282 PHASMID THINKING on georges didi-huberman's method Emmanuel Alloa & translated by Christopher Woodall Pages: 103-112 | DOI: 10.1080/0969725X.2018.1497283 RE-IMAGINING THE "LOSS OF PLACE" georges didi-huberman and the aura after benjamin Laura Katherine Smith Pages: 113-132 | DOI: 10.1080/0969725X.2018.1497284 SEARCHING FOR FIREFLIES pathos and imagination in the theories of georges didi-huberman Stijn De Cauwer Pages: 133-149 | DOI: 10.1080/0969725X.2018.1497285 Notes on the Contributors notes on the contributors Pages: 150-154 | DOI: 10.1080/0969725X.2018.1497287 To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. Unsubscribe from new content alerts for this journal (both new issue and latest article notifications) with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Ultrastructural, Molecular and Functional Mapping of GABAergic Synapses on Dendritic Spines and Shafts of Neocortical Pyramidal Neurons

Abstract

The location of GABAergic synapses on dendrites is likely key for neuronal integration. In particular, inhibitory inputs on dendritic spines could serve to selectively veto or modulate individual excitatory inputs, greatly expanding the computational power of individual neurons. To investigate this, we have undertaken a combined functional, molecular, and ultrastructural mapping of the location of GABAergic inputs onto dendrites of pyramidal neurons from upper layers of juvenile mouse somatosensory cortex. Using two-photon uncaging of GABA, intracellular labeling with gerphyrin intrabodies, and focused ion beam milling with scanning electron microscopy, we find that most (96–98%) spines lack GABAergic synapses, although they still display GABAergic responses, potentially due to extrasynaptic GABA receptors. We conclude that GABAergic inputs, in practice, contact dendritic shafts and likely control clusters of excitatory inputs, defining functional zones on dendrites.

https://ift.tt/2ANdBGP

Mild leukopenia following denosumab treatment in a woman with postmenopausal osteoporosis

https://ift.tt/2KsIvUs

Mild leukopenia following denosumab treatment in a woman with postmenopausal osteoporosis

https://ift.tt/2KsIvUs

A phase 1 dose-escalation study on the safety, tolerability and activity of liposomal curcumin (Lipocurc ™ ) in patients with locally advanced or metastatic cancer

Abstract

Purpose

This study was conducted to investigate the safety and tolerability of increasing doses of liposomal curcumin in patients with metastatic cancer. Investigations of anti-tumor activity and of the pharmacokinetics of curcumin were secondary objectives.

Methods

In this phase I, single-center, open-label study in patients with metastatic tumors, liposomal curcumin was administered as a weekly intravenous infusion for 8 weeks. Dose escalation was started at 100 mg/m² over 8 h and the dose increased to 300 mg/m² over 6 h.

Results

32 patients were treated. No dose-limiting toxicity was observed in 26 patients at doses between 100 and 300 mg/m² over 8 h. Of six patients receiving 300 mg/m² over 6 h, one patient developed hemolysis, and three other patients experienced hemoglobin decreases > 2 g/dL without signs of hemolysis. Pharmacokinetic analyses revealed stable curcumin plasma concentrations during infusion followed by rapid declines to undetectable levels after the infusion. Anti-tumor activity by RECIST V1.1 was not detected. Significant tumor marker responses and transient clinical benefit were observed in two patients.

Conclusion

300 mg/m² liposomal curcumin over 6 h was the maximum tolerated dose in these heavily pretreated patients, and is the recommended starting dose for anti-cancer trials.

https://ift.tt/2vsd474

6-mT 0–120-Hz magnetic fields differentially affect cellular ATP levels

Abstract

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), an indispensable molecule that provides energy for essentially all cellular processes, has been shown to be affected by some magnetic fields (MFs). Although people are frequently exposed to various static and power frequency MFs in their daily lives, the exact effects of these MFs of different frequencies have not been systematically investigated. Here, we tested 6-mT MFs with 0, 50, and 120 Hz for their effects on cellular ATP levels in 11 different cell lines. We found that the 6-mT static magnetic field (SMF) either does not affect or increase cellular ATP levels, while 6-mT 50-Hz MF either does not affect or decrease cellular ATP levels. In contrast, 6-mT 120-Hz MF has variable effects. We examined the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) in four different cell lines, but did not find their direct correlation with ATP levels. Although none of the ATP level changes induced by these three different frequencies of 6-mT MFs are dramatic, these results may be used to explain some differential cellular responses of various cell lines to different frequency MFs.

https://ift.tt/2OAyyr4

Use of statistical experimental methods for optimization of collagenolytic protease production by Bacillus cereus strain SUK grown on fish scales

Abstract

In this study, novel and cheap sources like fish scales and molasses were used for the production of collagenolytic protease. Statistical optimization of different parameters for the production of collagenolytic protease by Bacillus cereus strain SUK has been carried out using response surface methodology (RSM). Three most significant medium components identified by Plackett-Burman (PB) were fish scales, molasses, and incubation time, which were further optimized using central composite design (CCD). The medium having fish scales 9.38 g l⁻¹, molasses 2.42 g l⁻¹, and incubation time of 67.34 h was found to be optimum for maximum collagenolytic protease production. B. cereus strain SUK has shown multiple plant growth-promoting traits, whereas degraded fish scale hydrolysates (FSHs) were having antimicrobial as well as plant growth-promoting abilities. The collagenolytic efficiency of this isolate can be exploited in an eco-friendly process of bioconversion of fish waste, representing an alternative way of waste management that could be used to produce various value-added products, such as collagenolytic protease, microbial biomass, amino acids, protein hydrolysates, and collagen peptides.

https://ift.tt/2LMoBt5