‘Understanding’ differs between English and German: Capturing Systematic Language Differences of Complex Words

Publication date: Available online 22 September 2018

Source: Cortex

Author(s): Fritz Günther, Eva Smolka, Marco Marelli

Abstract

In morphological processing, research has repeatedly found different priming effects by English and German native speakers in the overt priming paradigm. In English, priming effects were found for word pairs with a morphological and semantic relation (SUCCESSFUL-success), but not for pairs without a semantic relation (SUCCESSOR-success). By contrast, morphological priming effects in German occurred for pairs both with a semantic relation (AUFSTEHEN-stehen, 'stand up'-'stand') and without (VERSTEHEN-stehen, 'understand'-'stand'). These behavioural differences have been taken to indicate differential language processing and memory representations in these languages. We examine whether these behavioural differences can be explained with differences in the language structure between English and German. To this end, we employed new developments in distributional semantics as a computational method to obtain both observed and compositional representations for transparent and opaque complex word meanings, that can in turn be used to quantify the degree of semantic predictability of the morphological system of a language. We compared the similarities between transparent and opaque words and their stems, and observed a difference between German and English, with German showing a higher morphological systematicity. The present results indicate that the investigated cross-linguistic effect can be attributed to quantitatively-characterized differences in the speakers' language experience, as approximated by linguistic corpora.

https://ift.tt/2OMSKG9

Exposure–response analysis and simulation of lenvatinib safety and efficacy in patients with radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer

Abstract

Purpose

Once-daily lenvatinib 24 mg is the approved dose for radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer. In a phase 3 trial with lenvatinib, the starting dose of 24 mg was associated with a relatively high incidence of adverse events that required dose reductions. We used an exposure–response model to investigate the risk–benefit of different dosing regimens for lenvatinib.

Methods

A population pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics modeling analysis was used to simulate the potential benefit of lower starting doses to retain efficacy with improved safety. The seven lenvatinib regimens tested were: 24 mg; and 20 mg, 18 mg, and 14 mg, all with or without up-titration to 24 mg. Exposure–response models for efficacy and safety were created using a 24-week time course.

Results

The approved dose of lenvatinib at 24 mg, predicted the best efficacy. However, the lenvatinib dosing regimens of 14 mg with up-titration or 18 mg without up-titration potentially provides comparable efficacy (objective response rate at 24 weeks) and a better safety profile.

Conclusions

Treatment with lenvatinib at starting doses lower than the approved once-daily 24 mg dose could provide comparable antitumor efficacy and a similar or better safety profile. Based on the results from this modeling and simulation study, a comparator dose of lenvatinib 18 mg without up-titration was selected for evaluation in a clinical trial.

https://ift.tt/2OEse1o

Scholar : New articles have been published for Journal of Natural History, Volume 52, Issue 31-32

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content The following articles have been newly published in the issue Journal of Natural History, Volume 52, Issue 31-32 on Taylor & Francis Online: Articles The family Leucospidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) from the South of Saudi Arabia, with the first report of the genus Micrapion and description of Leucospis arabica sp. nov. Neveen S. Gadallah, Ahmed M. Soliman, Usama M. Abu El-Ghiet, Tarek Y. Elsheikh, Hathal M. Al Dhafer Pages: 2071-2096 | DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1510557 The issue is in progress. To view all articles already published in this issue, please visit: https://www.tandfonline.com/toc/tnah20/52/31-32 Hoping to have your article read by anyone, anywhere and at any time? Find out more about publishing open access with Ecosystem Health and Sustainability. To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. You can also unsubscribe from this alert with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Paradoxical case effects of psoriasis following adalimumab therapy: A case series

Dermatologic Therapy, EarlyView.


https://ift.tt/2NtDocO

The management of pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma of the foot: A case report and review of the literature

Dermatologic Therapy, EarlyView.


https://ift.tt/2DmnNHu

Multiple Bowen's diseases and basal cell carcinomas in a patient with acute promyelocytic leukemia treated with arsenic trioxide: A case report and effective treatment with photodynamic therapy

Dermatologic Therapy, EarlyView.


https://ift.tt/2Nw0DD6

The Eczema Solution. Sue Armstrong‐Brown. London: Vermilion, 2002; 128 pp. ISBN: 978‐009188284. Price £12.99.

British Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.


https://ift.tt/2Dobyu2

Clinical, dermoscopic and reflectance confocal microscopy characterization of facial basal cell carcinomas presenting as small white lesions on sun‐damaged skin

British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.


https://ift.tt/2NwwrI8

Ingenol mebutate versus imiquimod versus diclofenac for actinic cheilitis: a 6‐month follow‐up clinical study

Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, EarlyView.


https://ift.tt/2PXtsoK

Development of pemphigoid nodularis after remission of bullous lesions

Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, EarlyView.


https://ift.tt/2O7v5mI

Successful treatment with dapsone for lupus profundus accompanied by xanthomatous reaction

Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, EarlyView.


https://ift.tt/2PWleNv

The histological absence of IgG4 positive plasma cells in juvenile xanthogranuloma; comments on ‘Systemic juvenile xanthogranuloma: a case report and brief review’

Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, EarlyView.


https://ift.tt/2O7v428

The controversy of complete lymph node dissection; reply to ‘Completion lymphadenectomy should not necessarily be recommended after a positive SLN biopsy’

Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, EarlyView.


https://ift.tt/2PYA72a

Making Pharyngoplasty Simple and Safe: When Plastic Surgery Meets Sleep Surgery

No abstract available

https://ift.tt/2Dm0KMK

Patient-Reported Outcome Measures following Gender Confirmation Surgery

No abstract available

https://ift.tt/2NsyZXw

Nasal Tip Reconstruction following Skin Cancer Resection: A Novel Approach Combining Reconstructive and Tip Rhinoplasty Principles

No abstract available

https://ift.tt/2Dm0HR4

Hering's Law of the Frontal Facial Branch

No abstract available

https://ift.tt/2Nt2bhc

If You Don’t Use It, You Lose It: The Age-Dependent Utility of Iliac Crest Cartilage for Intermediate Correction of Cleft Nasal Tip Asymmetry

No abstract available

https://ift.tt/2DilsNA

Identifying Incidence of and Risk Factors for Fluoroscopy-Guided Lumbar Puncture and Subsequent Persistent Low-Pressure Syndrome in Patients With Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension

Background: To explore the incidence of and potential risk factors for developing persistent low-pressure syndrome after lumbar puncture (LP) in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), as measured by use of blood patches. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted of patients with definitively diagnosed IIH by clinical examination and LP, comparing them to patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) as controls who also received diagnostic LPs. Demographic, clinical, and radiological data were collected for each patient. The main outcome measure was the rate of post-LP blood patches in IIH patients compared with MS patients. Secondary outcome measures were the likelihood of undergoing an epidural blood patch related to age, body mass index, volume removed, opening pressure, the difference between opening and closing pressure, and the level of puncture within the IIH cohort. Results: One hundred four IIH patients and 149 MS patients were included in the study. Among IIH patients, 12/104 (11.5%) underwent an epidural blood patch after LP as compared to 8/149 (5.4%) of the MS control patients (P = 0.086). Within the IIH population, none of the clinical or LP parameters were significantly correlated with increased risk of needing a blood patch. Conclusions: The incidence of low-pressure syndrome, as measured by blood patches, is similar in IIH patients and MS controls. This suggests that having elevated intracranial pressure before an LP is not protective against developing postpuncture low-pressure syndrome, contrary to common assumptions. Address correspondence to Gregory P. Van Stavern, MD, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8096, St. Louis, MO 63110-1010; E-mail: vanstaverng@vision.wustl.edu Supported by DOVS Core Grant 5 P30 EY02687, Institute for Clinical and Translational Sciences grant RR023496, Biostat Core Grant U54 RR023496, an unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindness, NIH Core Vision Grant P30 EY02687, and Dean's Fellowship (Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri). The authors report no conflicts of interest. © 2018 by North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society

https://ift.tt/2I47hKI

Cosmetics, Vol. 5, Pages 55: Anti-Aging Properties of Plant Stem Cell Extracts

Cosmetics, Vol. 5, Pages 55: Anti-Aging Properties of Plant Stem Cell Extracts

Cosmetics doi: 10.3390/cosmetics5040055

Authors: Małgorzata Miastkowska Elżbieta Sikora

Skin aging is a complex process which involves all the layers of the epidermis and dermis. In order to slow skin aging, methods are researched which would strengthen and protect skin stem cells. Science is in search of the right method to stimulate the proliferation of epidermal stem cells. Plant stem cells show outstanding anti-aging properties, as they can, among other activities, stimulate fibroblasts to synthesise collagen, which, in turn, stimulates skin regeneration. One of the most important agents which give anti-aging properties to plant stem cell extracts is kinetin (6-furfuryladenine). This compound belongs to a cytokine group and is considered to be a strong antioxidant which protects protein and nucleic acids from oxidation and glycoxidation processes. It enables cells to remove the excess of free radicals to protect them from oxidative stress.

https://ift.tt/2xuWrtn