An improvement in acute wound healing in mice by the combined application of photobiomodulation and curcumin-loaded iron particles

Abstract

Here, we examined the combined effect of pulse wave photobiomodulation (PBM) with curcumin-loaded superparamagnetic iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) nanoparticles (curcumin), in an experimental mouse model of acute skin wound. Thirty male adult mice were randomly allocated into 5 groups. Group 1 was served as the control group. Group 2 was a placebo and received distilled water, as a carrier of curcumin. Group 3 received laser (890 nm, 80 Hz, 0.2 J/cm²). Group 4 received curcumin by taking four injections around the wound. Group 5 received laser + curcumin. One full-thickness excisional round wound was made on the back of all the mice. On days 0, 4, 7, and 14, bacterial flora, wound surface area, and tensile strength were examined and microbiological examinations were performed. In case of wound closure, the two-way ANOVA shows that wound surface area of entire groups decreased progressively. However, the decrease in laser + curcumin and laser groups, and especially data from laser + curcumin group were statistically more significant, in comparison with the other groups (F statistics = 2.28, sig = 0.019). In terms of microbiology, the two-way ANOVA showed that laser, and laser + curcumin groups have statistically a lower bacterial count than the curcumin, control, and carrier groups (F statistics = 35, sig = 0 = 000). Finally, the one-way ANOVA showed that laser + curcumin, curcumin, and curcumin significantly increased wound strength, compared to the control and carrier groups. Furthermore, laser + curcumin significantly increased wound strength, compared to the control, laser, and curcumin groups (LSD test, p = 0.003, p = 0.002, and p = 0.005, respectively). In conclusion, curcumin nanoparticles, pulse wave laser, and pulse wave laser + curcumin nanoparticles accelerate wound healing, through a significant increase in wound closure rate, as well as wound strength, and a significant decrease in Staphylococcus aureus counts. Furthermore, the statistical analysis of our data suggests that the combined treatment of pulse wave laser + curcumin nanoparticles enhances the wound closure rate, and wound strength, compared to the laser and curcumin nanoparticles alone.

https://ift.tt/2yQMSW2

Correction to: Platelet-rich plasma as a potential therapeutic approach against lead nitrate- and/or gamma radiation-induced hepatotoxicity

The original publication of this paper contains adjustment errors.

https://ift.tt/2DmRdUX

‘Sutureless Nasal Alar Repair with Trichloroacetic acid and Surgical Glue’

Publication date: Available online 4 November 2018

Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

Author(s): Deepak Jakhar, Ishmeet Kaur, Richa Chaudhary

https://ift.tt/2RzQCCf

The association of antimicrobial washes on antibacterial resistance in hidradenitis suppurativa lesions

Publication date: Available online 4 November 2018

Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

Author(s): Paul Leiphart, Heather Ma, Haley B. Naik, Joslyn S. Kirby

https://ift.tt/2PCvtdu

Inflammatory eruptions associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: A single-institutional, retrospective analysis with stratification of reactions by toxicity and implications for management

Publication date: Available online 3 November 2018

Source: Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

Author(s): Emily Coleman, Christine Ko, Feng Dai, Mary M. Tomayko, Harriet Kluger, Jonathan S. Leventhal

Abstract

Background

There is increasing recognition of distinct inflammatory eruptions associated with checkpoint inhibitors. A better understanding of their severity, therapeutic response and impact on cancer treatment is needed.

Objective

To analyze the different rashes associated with immunotherapy referred to our institution's oncodermatology clinic and inpatient consultative service, and to evaluate their therapeutic response and impact on immunotherapy.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed patients' medical records referred to the oncodermatology clinic or inpatient dermatology service between 2016-2018 at Yale-New Haven Hospital for eruptions that developed during immunotherapy.

Results

98 patients (51 men, 47 women) treated with checkpoint inhibitors developed 103 inflammatory eruptions, with a range of mean latency of 0.2-17.7 months. A minority (25/103; 24.3%) required immunotherapy interruption, most notably immunobullous (7/8; 87.5%), lichenoid (8/26; 30.8%), maculopapular (6/18; 33.3%), and SJS-like (2/2, 100%) reactions. Only 3/16 (18.8%) interrupted cases developed a grade 2 or 3 flare on rechallenge. Most reactions (93/103; 90.3%) responded to dermatologic therapy and/or immunotherapy interruption.

Limitations

This was a retrospective study from a single tertiary care center.

Conclusion

A variety of inflammatory reactions may occur from immunotherapy with differing degrees of severity. While most rashes responded to topical treatment, immunobullous and exfoliative presentations frequently interrupted immunotherapy. Increased awareness and early recognition may reduce the need for unnecessary immunotherapy interruption.

https://ift.tt/2RzQx1p

Novel therapeutic targets in autoimmune hepatitis

Publication date: Available online 4 November 2018

Source: Journal of Autoimmunity

Author(s): Richard Taubert, Katharina Luise Hupa-Breier, Elmar Jaeckel, Michael P. Manns

Abstract

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is an orphan disease characterized by an autoimmune attack against hepatocytes. The exact sequence of events that leads to a breach of tolerance is incompletely understood. Current hypotheses suggest that environmental agents such as toxins or infectious agents like viruses cause a tissue damage that initiates autoimmunity in genetically susceptible individuals. The growing knowledge of the multi-facetted immune dysregulation, which involves Th1/Th17 polarization and the suspected inability of regulatory T cells to revert autoimmunity in the otherwise tolerogenic milieu of the liver, offers multiple new therapeutic approaches and targets. Standard of care (SOC) is treatment with corticosteroids with or without azathioprine, which is sufficient to induce remission in the majority of patients. However, it rarely cures AIH or restores intrahepatic immune tolerance. Hence, life-long therapy is required in the majority of patients. In addition, several studies suggest a weakening of immune regulation mediated by intrahepatic T cells under current therapies. Furthermore, second line therapies for non-responders, intolerant or otherwise difficult to treat patients are urgently needed as this is relevant for at least one fifth of all patients with inefficacy or intolerance to SOC. Current second line therapies are mainly based on single center retrospective experiences and none of them have been approved by regulatory authorities for AIH, yet.

This article highlights new therapeutic approaches based on our growing knowledge on the pathophysiology of AIH. It focuses on cell-based therapies that strengthen or restore immune tolerance. An additional focus lies on new therapeutic agents showing promising results in non-hepatic autoimmune diseases that have a potential for treating AIH. The dynamics in the whole field of innovative therapies for non-hepatic autoimmune diseases will hopefully improve the therapeutic armamentarium for AIH patients in the future.

https://ift.tt/2Omu1as

Scholar : Traffic Injury Prevention, Volume 19, Issue 6, 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content Traffic Injury Prevention, Volume 19, Issue 6, 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online. This new issue contains the following articles: Article Roadside survey of alcohol and drug use among Norwegian drivers in 2016–2017: A follow-up of the 2008–2009 survey Håvard Furuhaugen, Ragnhild E. G. Jamt, Galina Nilsson, Vigdis Vindenes & Hallvard Gjerde Pages: 555-562 | DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2018.1478087 Articles Examination of associations between risky driving behaviors and hazardous drinking among a sample of college students Ryan J. Martin, Melissa J. Cox, Beth H. Chaney & Adam P. Knowlden Pages: 563-568 | DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2018.1476690 Attitudes on technological, social, and behavioral economic strategies to reduce cellphone use among teens while driving M. Kit Delgado, Catherine C. McDonald, Flaura K. Winston, Scott D. Halpern, Alison M. Buttenheim, Claudia Setubal, Yanlan Huang, Kathryn A. Saulsgiver & Yi-Ching Lee Pages: 569-576 | DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2018.1458100 Effects of emergency medical services times on traffic injury severity: A random effects ordered probit approach Jaeyoung Lee, Mohamed Abdel-Aty, Qing Cai & Ling Wang Pages: 577-581 | DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2018.1468889 Crash safety concerns for out-of-position occupant postures: A look toward safety in highly automated vehicles Timothy L. McMurry, Gerald S. Poplin, Greg Shaw & Matthew B. Panzer Pages: 582-587 | DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2018.1458306 A comparison of safety benefits of pedestrian countdown signals with and without pushbuttons in Michigan Richard Atta Boateng, Valerian Kwigizile & Jun-Seok Oh Pages: 588-593 | DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2018.1462493 Effect of traffic density on drivers' lane change and overtaking maneuvers in freeway situation—A driving simulator–based study Liu Yang, Xiaomeng Li, Wei Guan, H. Michael Zhang & Lingling Fan Pages: 594-600 | DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2018.1471470 Evaluating the influence of road lighting on traffic safety at accesses using an artificial neural network Yueru Xu, Zhirui Ye, Yuan Wang, Chao Wang & Cuicui Sun Pages: 601-606 | DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2018.1471599 Identifying the safety factors over traffic signs in state roads using a panel quantile regression approach Željko Šarić, Xuecai Xu, Li Duan & Darko Babić Pages: 607-614 | DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2018.1476688 Original Articles Effects of blind spot monitoring systems on police-reported lane-change crashes Jessica B. Cicchino Pages: 615-622 | DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2018.1476973 Articles Field data analysis of recreational off-highway vehicle crashes Rachel E. Richardson, Timothy L. McMurry, Bronislaw Gepner & Jason R. Kerrigan Pages: 623-628 | DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2018.1470326 Prediction of Chinese drivers' intentions to park illegally in emergency lanes: An application of the theory of planned behavior Yubing Zheng, Yang Ma, Lixin Guo, Jianchuan Cheng & Yunlong Zhang Pages: 629-636 | DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2018.1479062 Head postures during naturalistic driving Jason B. Fice, Jean-Sébastien Blouin & Gunter P. Siegmund Pages: 637-643 | DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2018.1493582 Original Articles School safe driving climate: Theoretical and practical considerations for promoting teen driver safety in school settings Jessica H. Mirman, Brianne Roche & Ann Higgins-D'Alessandro Pages: 644-650 | DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2018.1476689 Articles Application of energy derivative method to determine the structural components' contribution to deceleration in crashes Kei Nagasaka, Koji Mizuno & Robert Thomson Pages: 651-656 | DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2018.1456657 Reviews Time and temperature sensitivity of the Hybrid III neck Allison L. Schmidt, Maria A. Ortiz-Paparoni, Jay K. Shridharani, Roger W. Nightingale & Cameron R. Bass Pages: 657-663 | DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2018.1480832 Corrigenda Corrigendum Pages: 664-664 | DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2018.1489662 To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. Unsubscribe from new content alerts for this journal (both new issue and latest article notifications) with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Relation between hysterectomy, oophorectomy and the risk of incident differentiated thyroid cancer: the E3N cohort

Clinical Endocrinology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.


https://ift.tt/2quRM6x

A new ultrasound nomogram for differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules

Clinical Endocrinology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.


https://ift.tt/2QjJJVt

Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in individuals from the community in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil.

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Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in individuals from the community in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil.

Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2018 Oct 22;60:e58

Authors: Bes TM, Martins RR, Perdigão L, Mongelos D, Moreno L, Moreno A, Oliveira GS, Costa SF, Levin AS

Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is a commensal habitant of nasal cavities and skin. Colonization by community-acquired methicillin-resistant SA (CA-MRSA) is associated with infections in patients who have not been recently hospitalized. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of MRSA colonization in an outpatient population, currently unknown in Brazil. Three-hundred patients or caregivers from two teaching hospitals were included. A questionnaire was applied and nasal swabs were obtained from patients. Swabs were inoculated in brain heart infusion (BHI) with 2.5% NaCl and seeded in mannitol. Suspicious colonies were subjected to MALDI-TOF MS Microflex™ identification. Antimicrobial susceptibility test for oxacillin was performed for SA-positive samples by microdilution. Polymerase chain-reactions for detection of mecA and coA genes were performed for resistant samples. Data about MRSA carriers were compared with non-carriers. There were 127 S. aureus isolates, confirmed by MALDI-TOF. Only seven (2.3%) were MRSA and positive for mecA and coA genes. Factors associated with MRSA carriage were African ethnicity, skin diseases or antibiotic use. The majority of them were from Dermatology clinics. Prevalence of MRSA colonization in individuals from the community was low in our study (2.3%). This finding raises the hypothesis of inter-household transmission of SA, although we did not find any association between MRSA-colonization and the shared use of personal objects. Given the low prevalence of MRSA carriers observed, empirical antimicrobial coverage for MRSA in community-acquired infections should be not necessary.

PMID: 30365641 [PubMed - in process]

https://ift.tt/2PbNvDV

Postpartum Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Toxic Shock Syndrome Caused by a Perineal Infection.

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Postpartum Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Toxic Shock Syndrome Caused by a Perineal Infection.

Case Rep Obstet Gynecol. 2018;2018:2670179

Authors: Deguchi Y, Horiuchi Y, Shojima K, Iwahashi N, Ikejima M, Ino K, Furukawa K

Abstract
Although toxic shock syndrome (TSS) is rare, multiorgan failure can occur without early identification and appropriate therapy. In particular, a few cases of postpartum TSS due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have been reported. Here, we describe a rare case in which a 32-year-old Japanese woman had TSS due to MRSA that was caused by a perineal infection after a normal vaginal delivery. Twelve days after giving birth to a healthy child, she was readmitted to our hospital due to a 2-day fever and perineal pain without uterine tenderness. She developed emesis and watery diarrhea on the night of admission. On the second day, a diffuse cutaneous macular rash appeared over her trunk. Laboratory data revealed deteriorated renal function and thrombocytopenia. Her history and clinical results were compatible with a typical course of TSS. Administration of ceftriaxone and clindamycin was started immediately after admission and was effective. The patient recuperated steadily over the next week with desquamation of the skin. MRSA was isolated from her vaginal discharge and was found to produce TSS toxin 1 (TSST-1). Furthermore, since MRSA was not detected in the nasal and vaginal cavity during pregnancy, it suggests that vaginal colonization can also occur postpartum and be the disease source in mothers. Therefore, MRSA infections should be considered when treating for postpartum TSS.

PMID: 30363971 [PubMed]

https://ift.tt/2D3RLxU

Molecular Analysis of Two Different MRSA Clones ST188 and ST3268 From Primates (Macaca spp.) in a United States Primate Center.

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Molecular Analysis of Two Different MRSA Clones ST188 and ST3268 From Primates (Macaca spp.) in a United States Primate Center.

Front Microbiol. 2018;9:2199

Authors: Roberts MC, Feßler AT, Monecke S, Ehricht R, No D, Schwarz S

Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were identified in macaques, their environmental facility, and nasal cultures of personnel from the Washington National Primate Research Center [WaNPRC] and included MRSA ST188 SCCmec IV and MRSA ST3268 SCCmec V. The aim of the current study was to determine the carriage of virulence genes, antibiotic resistance genes, and other characteristics of the primate MRSA isolates to determine if there were any obvious differences that would account for differences in transmission within the WaNPRC facility. In total, 1,199 samples from primates were tested for the presence of MRSA resulting in 158 MRSA-positive samples. Fifteen ST188 isolates (all from Macaca nemestrina) and nine ST3268 (four from Macaca mulatta, two from Macaca fascicularis, three from M. nemestrina), were selected for further characterization. All but one of the 15 ST188 isolates had spa type t189 and the remaining one had spa type t3887. These isolates were resistant to β-lactams [blaZ, mecA], macrolides/lincosamides [erm(B)], aminoglycosides [aacA-aphD], and fluoroquinolones. Five isolates were additionally resistant to tetracyclines [tet(K)] and had elevated MICs for benzalkonium chloride [qacC]. In comparison, the nine ST3268 isolates had the related spa types t15469 (n = 5) and t13638 (n = 4). All nine ST3268 isolates were resistant to β-lactams [blaZ, mecA], and tetracyclines [tet(K)]. Some isolates were additionally resistant to aminoglycosides [aacA-aphD], fluoroquinolones and/or showed elevated MICs for benzalkonium chloride [qacC]. In contrast to the ST188 isolates, the ST3268 isolates had the enterotoxin gene cluster egc [seg, sei, selm, seln, selo, selu] and enterotoxin genes sec and sel. The two clones have differences regarding their spa types, virulence and antibiotic resistance genes as well as ST and SCCmec types. However, the data presented does not provide insight into why ST188 spreads easily while ST3268 did not spread within the WaNPRC in-house primates.

PMID: 30356855 [PubMed]

https://ift.tt/2P8gKrh

Development and biological evaluation of Ti6Al7Nb scaffold implants coated with gentamycin-saturated bacterial cellulose biomaterial.

Related Articles

Development and biological evaluation of Ti6Al7Nb scaffold implants coated with gentamycin-saturated bacterial cellulose biomaterial.

PLoS One. 2018;13(10):e0205205

Authors: Dydak K, Junka A, Szymczyk P, Chodaczek G, Toporkiewicz M, Fijałkowski K, Dudek B, Bartoszewicz M

Abstract
Herein we present an innovative method of coating the surface of Titanium-Aluminium-Niobium bone scaffold implants with bacterial cellulose (BC) polymer saturated with antibiotic. Customized Ti6Al7Nb scaffolds manufactured using Selective Laser Melting were immersed in a suspension of Komagataeibacter xylinus bacteria which displays an ability to produce a 3-dimensional structure of bio-cellulose polymer. The process of complete implant coating with BC took on average 7 days. Subsequently, the BC matrix was cleansed by means of alkaline lysis and saturated with gentamycin. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that BC adheres and penetrates into the implant scaffold structure. The viability and development of the cellular layer on BC micro-structure were visualized by means of confocal microscopy. The BC-coated implants displayed a significantly lower cytotoxicity against osteoblast and fibroblast cell cultures in vitro in comparison to non-coated implants. It was also noted that gentamycin released from BC-coated implants inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus cultures in vitro, confirming the suitability of such implant modification for preventing hostile microbial colonization. As demonstrated using digital microscopy, the procedure used for implant coating and BC chemical cleansing did not flaw the biomaterial structure. The results presented herein are of high translational value with regard to future use of customized, BC-coated and antibiotic-saturated implants designed for use in orthopedic applications to speed up recovery and to reduce the risk of musculoskeletal infections.

PMID: 30356274 [PubMed - in process]

https://ift.tt/2D3SlvA

The Development and Validation of a Clinical Prediction Rule to Predict Transmission of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Nursing Homes.

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The Development and Validation of a Clinical Prediction Rule to Predict Transmission of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Nursing Homes.

Am J Epidemiol. 2018 Oct 22;:

Authors: Jackson SS, Lydecker AD, Magder LS, Roghmann MC

Abstract
The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization among nursing home residents is high. Healthcare workers (HCWs) often serve as a vector in the transmission of MRSA. The ability to identify residents who are likely to transmit MRSA to HCWs' hands and clothing during clinical care is important so that infection control measures, such as Contact Precautions, can be employed. We developed a clinical prediction rule with demographics and clinical characteristics as predictors of MRSA transmission to HCWs' gowns collected from residents of community nursing homes in Maryland and Michigan between 2012-2014. We externally validated this model in a cohort of Veterans Affairs nursing home residents from 7 states between 2012-2016. The prediction model, which included sex, race, resident dependency on HCWs for care, the presence of any device, diabetes, and chronic skin breakdown, showed good performance (c-statistic=0.70, sensitivity=76%, specificity=49%) in the development set. The decision curve analysis indicates this model has greater clinical utility than using a nares surveillance culture for MRSA colonization, which is current clinical practice for placing hospital inpatients on Contact Precautions. The prediction rule demonstrated less utility in the validation cohort, suggesting a separate rule should be developed for residents of Veterans Affairs nursing homes.

PMID: 30351349 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

https://ift.tt/2D20kKK

Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization: An Update on Mechanisms, Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Subsequent Infections.

Related Articles

Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization: An Update on Mechanisms, Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Subsequent Infections.

Front Microbiol. 2018;9:2419

Authors: Sakr A, Brégeon F, Mège JL, Rolain JM, Blin O

Abstract
Up to 30% of the human population are asymptomatically and permanently colonized with nasal Staphylococcus aureus. To successfully colonize human nares, S. aureus needs to establish solid interactions with human nasal epithelial cells and overcome host defense mechanisms. However, some factors like bacterial interactions in the human nose can influence S. aureus colonization and sometimes prevent colonization. On the other hand, certain host characteristics and environmental factors can predispose to colonization. Nasal colonization can cause opportunistic and sometimes life-threatening infections such as surgical site infections or other infections in non-surgical patients that increase morbidity, mortality as well as healthcare costs.

PMID: 30349525 [PubMed]

https://ift.tt/2D3RGdA

Prevalence and risk factors of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage in Asia-Pacific region from 2000 to 2016: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Related Articles

Prevalence and risk factors of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage in Asia-Pacific region from 2000 to 2016: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Clin Epidemiol. 2018;10:1489-1501

Authors: Wong JW, Ip M, Tang A, Wei VW, Wong SY, Riley S, Read JM, Kwok KO

Abstract
Objective: Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is an emerging global public health threat. In response to a highlighted strategic priority of the World Health Organization Global Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance, to "strengthen the knowledge and evidence base through surveillance and research", we synthesized published articles to estimate CA-MRSA carriage prevalence in the Asia-Pacific region.
Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PROSPERO CRD:42017067399). We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed for articles published from 1 January 2000 to 19 May 2017, which reported CA-MRSA carriage (defined as either colonization or infection) in Asia-Pacific region from 2000 to 2016. Studies were stratified according to settings (community or hospital where CA-MRSA was isolated) and study populations (general public or subpopulations with specified characteristics). Ranges of CA-MRSA carriage prevalence were reported for study groups.
Results: In total, 152 studies were identified. Large diversity was observed among studies in most study groups. In community-level studies, the CA-MRSA carriage prevalence among the general public ranged from 0% to 23.5%, whereas that ranged from 0.7% to 10.4% in hospital settings. From community-level studies, countries with the highest prevalence were India (16.5%-23.5%), followed by Vietnam (7.9%) and Taiwan (3.5%-3.8%). Children aged ≤6 (range: 0.5%-40.3%) and household members of CA-MRSA carriers (range: 13.0%-26.4%) are subgroups without specific health conditions but with much higher CA-MRSA carriage when compared to the general population.
Conclusion: Our CA-MRSA prevalence estimates serve as the baseline for future national and international surveillance. The ranges of prevalence and characteristics associated with CA-MRSA carriage can inform health authorities to formulate infection control policies for high-risk subgroups. Future studies should explore the heterogeneities in CA-MRSA carriage prevalence among subgroups and countries to clarify the predominant transmission mechanisms in Asia-Pacific and other regions.

PMID: 30349396 [PubMed]

https://ift.tt/2D1XnKa

[Diversity, antibacterial activites and growth promoting characteristics of endophytic fungi from sandal (Santalum album)].

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[Diversity, antibacterial activites and growth promoting characteristics of endophytic fungi from sandal (Santalum album)].

Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi. 2018 Sep;43(17):3477-3483

Authors: Liu J, Liu YM, Xu ZC, Wang ZY, Huang YL, Deng ZJ

Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigated the biological diversity, antibacterial activites and the plant growth-promoting traits of endophytic fungi of sandal (Santalum album), and to assess their potential in the development of antibacterial substances and rapid cultivation of sandal. The results of isolation and taxa analysis of endophytic fungi from sandal showed that 325 strains of endophytic fungi belonging to 16 genera of endophytic fungi were isolated from sandal (of which 86 from roots, 105 from stems and 134 from leaves). The isolation rate and colonization rate of endophytic fungi in different sandal parts showed the same pattern of change: leave>stems>roots. The diversity index of endophytic fungi in sandal roots was significantly higher than that of stems and leaves. The dominant endophytic fungi of sandal roots, stems and leaves showed significant differences. The dominant endophytic fungi of roots were Fusarium (50.00%) and Alternaria (10.47%), Alternaria (58.11%) and Acremonium (20.00%) for stems, and Pantoea (74.63%) for leaves. The antibacterial activity of 40 representative strains of sandal endophytic fungi were analyzed and the results showed that 90% of endophytic fungi exhibited inhibitory activity against at least one of the tested bacteria strains, and the strains with inhibitory activity to Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Shigella dysenteriae, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis accounted for 45.0%, 30%, 47.5%, 55%, 72.5%, and 62.5%, respectively. The sandal fungal endophytes with plant growth-promoting characteristics were screened, and 5 strains of endophytic fungi with phosphorus-solubilizing activity, 8 strains of endophytic fungi producing IAA, and 4 strains of endophytic fungi producing siderophores were found. Among them, endophytic fungus Monilia sp TXRF45 clould produced IAA and siderophores, and also show phosphate-solubilizing activity. The results indicated that the endophytic fungi of Sandal were rich in species diversity and their distribution had a certain tissue specificity. Some strains showed good antibacterial activity and growth-promoting properties, which could potentially applicable for the development of antibacterial substances and rapid cultivation of sandal.

PMID: 30347915 [PubMed - in process]

https://ift.tt/2CZv5iq

Water-Insoluble Polymeric Guanidine Derivative and Application in the Preparation of Antibacterial Coating of Catheter.

Related Articles

Water-Insoluble Polymeric Guanidine Derivative and Application in the Preparation of Antibacterial Coating of Catheter.

ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2018 Oct 30;:

Authors: Yu H, Liu L, Yang H, Zhou R, Che C, Li X, Li C, Luan S, Yin J, Shi H

Abstract
Antibacterial coatings have been considered as an effective method for preventing the implant-associated infections caused by the bacterial colonization. In this study, we report a water-insoluble polyelectrolyte-surfactant complex, poly(hexamethylene biguanide) hydrochloride-sodium stearate (PHMB-SS) that can be facilely coated onto the surfaces of biomedical catheter and kill the bacteria by releasing the PHMB and prevent the generation of the biofilm. The PHMB-SS-coated surfaces showed better bactericidal activity toward Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The PHMB-SS-coated catheters could not only relatively prevent the bacterial colonization in vitro but also in an implant-associated bacterial infection animal model in vivo. Moreover, no significant cytotoxicity and host response were observed in vitro and in vivo, indicating the high biocompatibility of the coating. The water-insoluble antibacterial coating reported in this work represents a novel approach to build a simple and effective coating for the prevention of device-associated infections.

PMID: 30346131 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

https://ift.tt/2Pcvy8w

Antimicrobial peptide modification of biomaterials using supramolecular additives.

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Antimicrobial peptide modification of biomaterials using supramolecular additives.

J Polym Sci A Polym Chem. 2018 Sep 01;56(17):1926-1934

Authors: Zaccaria S, van Gaal RC, Riool M, Zaat SAJ, Dankers PYW

Abstract
Biomaterials based on non-active polymers functionalized with antimicrobial agents by covalent modification or mixing are currently regarded as high potential solutions to prevent biomaterial associated infections that are major causes of biomedical device failure. Herewith a strategy is proposed in which antimicrobial materials are prepared by simply mixing-and-matching of ureido-pyrimidinone (UPy) based supramolecular polymers with antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) modified with the same UPy-moiety. The N-terminus of the AMPs was coupled in solution to an UPy-carboxylic acid synthon resulting in formation of a new amidic bond. The UPy-functionalization of the AMPs did not affect their secondary structure, as proved by circular dichroism spectroscopy. The antimicrobial activity of the UPy-AMPs in solution was also retained. In addition, the incorporation of UPy-AMPs into an UPy-polymer was stable and the final material was biocompatible. The addition of 4 mol % of UPy-AMPs in the UPy-polymer material protected against colonization by Escherichia coli, and methicillin-sensitive and -resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. This modular approach enables a stable but dynamic incorporation of the antimicrobial agents, allowing at the same time for the possibility to change the nature of the polymer, as well as the use of AMPs with different activity spectra. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 1926-1934.

PMID: 30344368 [PubMed]

https://ift.tt/2D3RATg

Chitosan-based sleeves loaded with silver and chlorhexidine in a percutaneous rabbit tibia model with a repeated bacterial challenge.

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Chitosan-based sleeves loaded with silver and chlorhexidine in a percutaneous rabbit tibia model with a repeated bacterial challenge.

Acta Biomater. 2018 Oct 17;:

Authors: Shao J, Wang B, Bartels CJM, Bronkhorst EM, Jansen JA, Walboomers XF, Yang F

Abstract
Various strategies have been explored to prevent pin tract infections (PTI), including the use of antibacterial sleeves. However, an ideal animal model to evaluate the efficacy of antibacterial strategies is still lacking. This study aimed to construct an animal model with a consistent induction of infection after bacterial challenge. Further, the efficacy of silver and chlorhexidine loaded chitosan sleeves was evaluated to prevent PTI around a percutaneous implant. Titanium pins wrapped with sleeves were implanted in anterior lateral rabbit tibia. After 2 weeks, Staphylococcus aureus suspensions (1 × 106 CFU) were injected weekly to the exit site, and the clinical infection status was recorded. After 6 weeks, all rabbits were euthanized to evaluate the bacterial colonization microbiologically and histomorphometrically. Results showed that the implant screw bilaterally penetrated the tibia and kept the implant stable. A rod length of twice the thickness of the soft-tissue layer was necessary to maintain the percutaneous penetration of the implants. A 100% infection rate was obtained by the bacterial inoculation. Silver loaded sleeves reduced significantly the bacterial density and reduced the inflammatory symptoms of the percutaneous pin tract. However, the addition of chlorhexidine to the sleeves had no added value in terms of further reduction of bacteria and inflammation. In conclusion, a consistent animal model was designed to evaluate strategies to prevent PTI. In addition, the use of silver loaded chitosan sleeves can be pursued for further (pre-)clinical exploration for the prevention of PTI. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study constructed a bacterial challenged percutaneous rabbit tibia model to evaluate the potential of antibacterial strategies for the prevention of pin tract infections. The model was applied to evaluate a silver and chlorhexidine loaded membranes as an antibacterial sleeve. Our results demonstrate that the rabbit tibia model is suitable to evaluate antibacterial strategies for the prevention of pin tract infection as evidenced by the stable, bone fixed percutaneous implant and a 100% infection rate of the percutaneous pin tract. Silver loaded sleeves can lower the bacterial density of the percutaneous pin tract, but the addition of chlorhexidine to the silver-loaded sleeves does not contribute to an enhanced antibacterial effect. Such experiments are of considerable interest to those in the research community, industry, and clinicians involved the occurrence of infection of skin penetrating medical devices.

PMID: 30342284 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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