Ετικέτες

Κυριακή 22 Αυγούστου 2021

Influence of high tissue-absorbed dose on anti-thyroid antibodies in radioiodine therapy of Graves' disease patients

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader

pubmed-meta-image.png

Adv Clin Exp Med. 2021 Aug 19. doi: 10.17219/acem/137779. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The results of radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment for Graves' disease (GD) are related to the choice of diagnostic and dosimetry protocols, the steroid protection used, and the subsequent 131I dose. The effect of a high tissue-absorbed dose on the level of anti-thyroid antibodies (ATA) has been rarely considered.

OBJECTIVES: To estimate the effect of the first RAI therapy wit h a dose of 250 Gy on anti-thyreoperoxidase (anti-TPO) and anti-thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor thyrotropin receptor antibody - TRAb levels in GD patients.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: The analysis encompassed 46 consecutive patients with clinical presentation of GD. We examined the serum levels of TSH, free thyroxine (FT4), anti-TPO, TRAb, thyroid volume (ThV), 131I effective half-life (EHL), introduction of steroid protection, levothyroxine dose used in thyroid replacement therapy - TRT, and effectiveness of treatment.

RESULTS: As a result of RAI treatment, hypothyroidism was found in 35 patients (76.1%), euthyroidism in 7 patients (15.2%) and hyperthyroidism in 4 patients (8.7%). After RAI, we observed ThV reduction and increased anti-TPO (p = 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). It was found that a shorter EHL correlated with a higher baseline TRAb concentration and lower final anti-TPO serum concentration (p = 0.03 and p = 0.01, respectively). Lower final TRAb wa s found in patients with steroid protection (p = 0.049). Intergroup comparison of patients without steroid protection showed significantly higher final anti-TPO concentation (p = 0.02). Intergroup comparison of patients with TRT revealed significantly higher final anti-TPO concentration (p = 0.04).

CONCLUSIONS: The application of a high absorbed dose of 250 Gy in GD resulted in high efficacy of RAI therapy at 1-year follow-up. An increased ATA level and its relationships with EHL and ThV reduction were observed at 1-year follow-up. There is a possible relationship between steroid protection and anti-TPO concentration.

PMID:34418335 | DOI:10.17219/acem/137779

View on the web

Development and validation of an improved classification and risk stratification system for carotid body tumors: A multinational collaborative cohort study

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader

Abstract

Background

This study aims to develop and validate a new classification system that better predicts combined risk of neurological and neurovascular complications following CBT surgery, crucial for treatment decision-making.

Methods

Multinational retrospective cohort study with 199 consecutive cases. A cohort of 132 CBT cases was used to develop the new classification. To undertake external validation, assessment was made between the actual complication rate and predicted risk by the model on an independent cohort (n = 67).

Results

Univariate analyses showed statistically significant associations between developing a complication and the following factors: craniocaudal dimension, volume, Shamblin classification, and Mehanna types. In the multivariate prognostic model, only Mehanna type remained as a significant risk predictor. The risk of developing complications increases with increasing Mehanna type.

Conclusions

We have developed and then validated a new classification and risk stratification system for CBTs, which demonstrated better prognostic power for the risk of developing neurovascular complications after surgery.

View on the web

Human orbital muscle in adult cadavers and near-term fetuses: its bony attachments and individual variation identified by immunohistochemistry

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader

pubmed-meta-image.png

Surg Radiol Anat. 2021 Aug 21. doi: 10.1007/s00276-021-02819-1. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare fetal and adult morphologies of the orbital muscle (OM) and to describe the detailed topographical anatomy in adults.

METHODS: Using unilateral orbits from 15 near-term fetuses and 21 elderly cadavers, semiserial horizontal or sagittal paraffin sections were prepared at intervals of 20-100 µm. In addition to routine histology, we performed immunohistoche mistry for smooth muscle actin.

RESULTS: At near term, the OM consistently extended widely from the zygomatic bone or the greater wing of the sphenoid to the maxilla or ethmoid. Thus, it was a large sheet covering the future inferior orbital fissure. In contrast, the adult OM was a thin and small muscle bundle connecting (1) the greater wing of the sphenoid to the maxilla (11/19 cadavers), (2) the lesser wing of the sphenoid to the maxilla (5/19) or the greater wing (3/19). The small OM was likely to be restricted within the greater wing (5/19 cadavers) or the maxilla (3/19). Two of these five types of OM coexisted in eight orbits. OM attachment to the lesser wing was not seen in fetuses, whereas ethmoid attachment was absent in adults.

CONCLUSIONS: The lesser wing attachment of the OM seemed to establish after birth. A growing common origin of the three recti was likely involved in "stealing" the near-term OM attachment from the ethmoid. The strong immunoreactivity of r emnant-like OM in the elderly suggests that OM contraction is still likely to occur against the increased flow through a thin vein. However, the contraction might have no clinical significance.

PMID:34417852 | DOI:10.1007/s00276-021-02819-1

View on the web

Expected Costs of Primary Dental Treatments and Endoscopic Sinus Surgery for Odontogenic Sinusitis

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader

Objectives

Treatment of odontogenic sinusitis (ODS) due to apical periodontitis (AP) is highly successful when both dental treatment and endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) are performed. Variation exists in the literature with regard to types and timing of dental treatments and ESS when managing ODS. This study modeled expected costs of different primary dental and sinus surgical treatment pathways for ODS due to AP.

Study Design

Decision-tree economic model.

Methods

Decision-tree models were created based on cost and treatment success probabilities. Using Medicare and consumer online databases, cost data were obtained for the following dental and sinus surgical treatments across the United States: root canal therapy (RCTx), revision RCTx, apicoectomy, extraction, dental implant, bone graft, and ESS (maxillary, ± anterior ethmoid, ± frontal). A literature review was performed to determine probabilities of dental and sinus disease resolution after different dental treatments. Expected costs were determined for primary dental extraction, and ESS pathways, and sensitivity analyses were performed.

Results

Expected costs for the three different primary treatment pathways when dental care was in-network and all diseased sinuses opened during ESS were as follows: dental extraction ($4,753.83), RCTx ($4,677.34), and ESS ($7,319.85).

Conclusions

ODS due to AP can be successfully treated with primary dental treatments, but ESS is still frequently required. Expected costs of primary dental extraction and RCTx were roughly equal. Primary ESS had a higher expected cost, but may still be preferred in patients with prominent sinonasal symptoms. Patients' insurance coverage may also impact decision-making.

Level of Evidence

N/A Laryngoscope, 2021

View on the web

Organ Preservation Strategies in Laryngeal Chondrosarcoma

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader

Objectives/Hypothesis

Laryngeal chondrosarcoma (LC) is a rare, slowly growing malignancy. The preferred treatment is laryngeal preservation surgery (LPS). Some patients may require multiple interventions or total laryngectomy (TL). We investigated risk factors for retreatment and TL, and assessed the impact of LPS on oncological and functional outcomes.

Study Design

Case series

Methods

We searched our institution database for LC. Tumor grading, localization, and margin status were tested as predictors of recurrence and organ preservation.

Results

We included 21 patients (seven females, mean age 58 ± 12 years). LPS was applied in 20 (95.2%) of them as a primary procedure. Six patients were treated by transoral approach and 14 received "open-neck" LPS. Fifteen (71.4%) were operated only once, while six patients underwent a total of 15 adjunctive procedures. Additional operations were always performed for recurrence of tumors localized within the cricoid plate. The histological grading was G1 in 81% and G2 in 19%. However, two patients with a primary G1 LC showed a G2 recurrence. Reoperations for recurrence were more frequent among patients with G2 in respect to G1 histology (83% vs. 7%, P < .001). Fifty percent of G2 LC and 8% of G1 underwent TL (P < .05). Margin status had no influence on recurrence rate.

Conclusions

Patients with G2 LC have more recurrences requiring surgery and a higher incidence of TL. Cricoid plate localization is relevant for organ preservation. Margin status signals possible disease persistence, without influencing the need for future surgeries. Need for reoperation entails a risk of not being able to maintain organ functionality.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 2021

View on the web

Hidradenitis suppurativa: a folliculotropic disease of innate immune barrier dysfunction?

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader

Abstract

The innate immune system of human skin consists of a multi-layered barrier consisting of cells and soluble effector molecules charged with maintaining homeostasis and responding to insults and infections. It has become increasingly clear that these barrier layers become compromised in skin diseases, especially in disorders of an (auto)inflammatory nature. In the case of hidradenitis suppurativa, great strides have been made in recent years in characterising the underlying breakdown in homeostatic innate immunity, including an increasing understanding of the central role of the hair follicle in this process. This breakdown appears to occur at multiple levels: the pilosebaceous unit, associated epithelium, the cutaneous microbiome, alteration of immune cell function, and local molecular events such as complement activation. This review seeks to summarize, contextualize and analyse critically our current understanding of how these innate immune barriers become dysregulated in the ear ly stage(s) of hidradenitis suppurativa, and to speculate on where potential hidradenitis suppurativa research could be most fruitful.

View on the web

Πέμπτη 19 Αυγούστου 2021

Unusual Presentation of a Post-procedural Breast Hematoma: A Case Report

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader

In Vivo. 2021 Sep-Oct;35(5):2957-2961. doi: 10.21873/invivo.12589.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIM: Hematoma is the most frequent complication after Vacuum-Assisted Breast Biopsy (VABB) in 13% of cases. A direct communication channel with patients eases the diagnosis of VABB complications and ensures treatment at an early stage, as outpatients, in most cases. In 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we observed a reduction of self-reported postoperative complication leading to delay in the identification of harmful complications, therefore leading to need for more invasive treatment.

CASE REPORT: A 50-year-old patient was admitted to the Emergency Department for dry cough, fever, chest discomfort, dyspnea, and slight confusion four days after VABB. Due to the reported symptoms, the patient was sent to our COVID-19 Emergency Department. The COVID-19 swab was negative. Ultrasound revealed a large hematoma at the biopsy site, with active blee ding. Open evacuation with accurate hemostasis was planned with rapid and complete resolution of the clinical symptoms. After surgery, the patient reported that she intentionally avoided admittance in the hospital due to the risk of COVID-19 infection. The patient was discharged in the first postoperative day and maintained in quarantine for 14 days.

CONCLUSION: In the COVID-19 era due to the risk of hospital cross-infections, reduction of patient-doctor communication could lead to misdiagnosis, delay in recognition of procedural complications thus leading to requirement for invasive treatment, hospitalization, while also further multiplying the risk of COVID-19 infection.

PMID:34410994 | DOI:10.21873/invivo.12589

View on the web

Direct Oral Anticoagulants for the Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients With Active Cancer

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader

In Vivo. 2021 Sep-Oct;35(5):2747-2753. doi: 10.21873/invivo.12559.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIM: Although direct oral anti - coagulants (DOACs) are as safe and effective as conventional anticoagulants for treating venous thromboembolism (VTE), we have insufficient evidence justifying their use in patients with active cancer. We investigated the safety and effectiveness of DOACs in patients with active cancer.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: To investigate the safety and efficacy of DOACs, we retrospectively extracted 312 consecutive patients with active cancer who were prescribed edoxaban, rivaroxaban or apixaban for VTE.

RESULTS: The most common primary cancer sites were the lung, stomach, colon/rectum, hematology, ovary, and pancreas. Fifty patients (16%) discontinued DOACs due to clinically relevant bleeding; major bleeding events occurred in 18 patients (5.4%). Thrombosis reduced or resolved in 144 of 167 evaluable patients (86%). In particular, pulmonary embolism was reduced or resolved in 46 of 50 patients (92%).

CONCLUSION: Our findings revealed that DOACs for cancer-associated VTE are as safe and effective as conventional anticoagulation therapy.

PMID:34410964 | DOI:10.21873/invivo.12559

View on the web

An Independent Validation Study of Candidate microRNAs as Predictive Biomarkers for Bevacizumab-based Therapy in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader

In Vivo. 2021 Sep-Oct;35(5):2809-2814. doi: 10.21873/invivo.12567.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIM: The monoclonal antibody bevacizumab is a standard drug used in combination with oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) or irinotecan (FOLFIRI) based chemotherapy in the first or second-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Our previous study identified and subsequently validated 4 microRNAs in a small group of patients as predictors of the therapeutic response to bevacizumab combined with chemotherapy. The aim of this follow-up study is to confirm the predictive ability of these tissue miRNAs in a larger independent cohort of mCRC patients.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: The retrospective study included 92 patients with generalized-radically inoperable tumors treated with the combined therapy of bevacizumab/FOLFOX in a standard regimen.

RESULTS: Expression levels of candidate miRNA biomarkers (miR-92b-3p, miR-3156-5p, miR-10a-5p and miR-125a-5 p) were determined in tumor tissue specimens and statistically evaluated. MiR-92b-3p and miR-125a-5p were confirmed to be associated with radiological response according to RECIST criteria (p=0.005 and 0.05, respectively) and to be up-regulated in responders to bevacizumab/FOLFOX therapy. Higher levels of miR-92b-3p were also significantly associated with extended progression-free survival (p=0.024).

CONCLUSION: We have successfully confirmed miR-92b-3p to be up-regulated in tumor tissue of mCRC patients with good response to bevacizumab/FOLFOX therapy.

PMID:34410972 | DOI:10.21873/invivo.12567

View on the web

Severe Skin Disorders Due to Sorafenib Use After Nivolumab Treatment in Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader

In Vivo. 2021 Sep-Oct;35(5):2969-2974. doi: 10.21873/invivo.12591.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: We report two cases in which severe skin disorders developed during sorafenib treatment in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) who had previously received nivolumab.

CASE REPORT: Case 1: A 50-year-old man with RCC received nivolumab as the fifth-line therapy followed by sorafenib as the sixth-line therapy. On day 15 of sorafenib administration, the patient was hospitalized with systemic erythema multiforme, acne-like skin rash, and hand-foot syndrome. Case 2: A 40-year-old man with RCC received nivolumab as the second-line therapy followed by sorafenib as the fifth-line treatment. On day 12 of sorafenib administration, the patient was hospitalized with an acne-like skin rash and hand-foot syndrome. The skin disorders in the two cases improved within 2-3 weeks after sorafenib discontinuation and the start of treatment with topical and oral steroids.

CONCLUSION: When using sorafenib in patients previously treated with nivolumab, close attention should be paid to the onset of serious skin disorders.

PMID:34410996 | DOI:10.21873/invivo.12591

View on the web

Liver Metastatic Colorectal Tumor Cells Change Their Phenotype During Consecutive Passages on Chick Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane: Lessons from the Lab to the Clinic

xlomafota13 shared this article with you from Inoreader

In Vivo. 2021 Sep-Oct;35(5):2711-2718. doi: 10.21873/invivo.12555.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND/AIM: Colon cancer liver metastases with desmoplastic growth pattern (dGP) have a highly heterogeneous therapy response. The aim of the study was to evaluate the dGP liver metastasis molecular profile from a chemo-naive patient by mimicking metastatic process on an experimental chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three successive CAM passages of dGP human colorectal liver metastases were immunophenotyped for keratin (K) 8, and 20, CLIC1, VEGF, EGFR, CD34, podoplanin, Ki67, E-cadherin and vimentin.

RESULTS: Metastatic cells gradually lost K20 while K8, E-cadherin and vimentin heterogeneously increased during passages. VEGF, CLIC 1, EGFR expression increased in metastatic cells especially at the tumor graft periphery. Scattered proliferating and non-proliferating podoplanin-positive tumor cells, lymphati c and blood vessels were heterogeneously detected in tumor xenografts depending on passage stage.

CONCLUSION: By mimicking repetitive metastatic processes we proved that metastatic cells change their phenotype. This may explain why not all metastases have a similar response to therapy.

PMID:34410960 | DOI:10.21873/invivo.12555

View on the web

Αναζήτηση αυτού του ιστολογίου