Basal cell carcinoma: CD56 and Cytokeratin 5/6 Staining Patterns in the Differential Diagnosis with Merkel cell carcinoma

Abstract

Background

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) can resemble Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) on histopathological examination and while CK20 is a useful marker in this differential, it is occasionally negative in MCC. CD56, a sensitive marker of neuroendocrine differentiation, is sometimes used to identify MCC, but has been reportedly variably positive in BCC as well. In contrast, CK5/6 consistently labels BCC but is not expressed in neuroendocrine tumors.

Methods

We evaluated twenty cases of BCC for the pattern of CD56 and cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6) staining, hypothesizing that these two stains could differentiate BCC from MCC in difficult cases. Seventeen cases of MCC previously stained with CD56 were also examined.

Results

All BCCs showed patchy expression of CD56 except for two cases, which showed staining of greater than 70% of tumor. CK5/6 was diffusely positive in all cases of BCC. 15/17 MCCs were diffusely positive for CD56. The difference in the pattern of CD56 expression between MCC and BCC (diffuse vs patchy, respectively) was statistically significant (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

BCC typically shows patchy CD56 expression and diffuse CK5/6 positivity. These two markers can be used to distinguish between BCC and MCC in challenging cases.

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