Neurotoxicity after high-dose methotrexate (MTX) is adequately explained by insufficient folinic acid rescue

Abstract

Purpose

To challenge the view that the dose of folinic acid rescue after high-dose methotrexate (MTX) has no significance in the prevention of neurotoxicity and to present the minority view that neurotoxicity can be prevented by an adequate dose of folinic acid, without compromising treatment results. Several fallacies that led to the misunderstanding of post MTX neurotoxicity are presented.

Methods

Data mining using search engines was used to find relevant publications, and an e-mail survey of more than 60 authors of articles in this field was performed. All relevant articles identified were read in their entirety.

Results

Examples of clinical studies with neurotoxicity following inadequate rescue are given. Some studies demonstrated no neurotoxicity when adequate doses of folinic acid rescue were started 24–36 h after the start of HDMTX rescue even after mega doses of MTX. Rescue started after 42 h was associated with neurotoxicity except in patients with low serum MTX levels after 24 and 36 h. ALL protocols with neurotoxicity, especially BFM-like protocols, are presented. Protocol is reported in which single protocol changes prevented neurotoxicity.

Conclusions

From the published data, when folinic acid rescue is given in a sufficiently high enough dose and is started 24–36 h after the beginning of the methotrexate exposure, and virtually all forms of post MTX neurotoxicity can be prevented without compromising therapeutic results.

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