Source:Pediatric Neurology
Author(s): Jonathan Duffy, Simon J. Hambidge, Lisa A. Jackson, Elyse O. Kharbanda, Nicola P. Klein, Allison Naleway, Saad B. Omer, Eric Weintraub
BackgroundThe risk of febrile seizure is temporarily increased for a few days after administration of certain vaccines in children aged 6 through 23 months. Our objective was to determine the febrile seizure risk following vaccination in children aged 1 through 5 months, who are recommended to receive 6 different vaccines.MethodsWe identified emergency department visits and inpatient admissions with International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision febrile seizure codes among children enrolled in nine Vaccine Safety Datalink participating health care organizations from 2006 through 2011. Febrile seizures were confirmed by medical record abstraction. We used the self-controlled risk-interval method to compare the incidence of febrile seizure during post-vaccination days 0-1 (risk interval) versus days 14-20 (control interval).ResultsWe identified 15 febrile seizure cases that occurred after 585342 vaccination visits. The case-patients were aged 3 through 5 months. They had received a median of 4 (range 2 - 6) vaccines simultaneously. The incidence rate ratio of febrile seizure after vaccination was 23 (95%CI 5.13, 101) and the attributable risk was 3.92 (95%CI 1.68, 6.17) febrile seizure cases per 100,000 persons vaccinated.ConclusionsVaccination in children aged 3 through 5 months was associated with a large relative risk of febrile seizure on the day of and day after vaccination, but the risk was small in absolute terms. Post-vaccination febrile seizure should not be a concern for the vast majority of children receiving vaccines, but clinicians might take this risk into consideration when evaluating and treating children susceptible to seizures precipitated by fever.
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