Dampened STING-Dependent Interferon Activation in Bats

Publication date: Available online 22 February 2018
Source:Cell Host & Microbe
Author(s): Jiazheng Xie, Yang Li, Xurui Shen, Geraldine Goh, Yan Zhu, Jie Cui, Lin-Fa Wang, Zheng-Li Shi, Peng Zhou
Compared with terrestrial mammals, bats have a longer lifespan and greater capacity to co-exist with a variety of viruses. In addition to cytosolic DNA generated by these viral infections, the metabolic demands of flight cause DNA damage and the release of self-DNA into the cytoplasm. However, whether bats have an altered DNA sensing/defense system to balance high cytosolic DNA levels remains an open question. We demonstrate that bats have a dampened interferon response due to the replacement of the highly conserved serine residue (S358) in STING, an essential adaptor protein in multiple DNA sensing pathways. Reversing this mutation by introducing S358 restored STING functionality, resulting in interferon activation and virus inhibition. Combined with previous reports on bat-specific changes of other DNA sensors such as TLR9, IFI16, and AIM2, our findings shed light on bat adaptation to flight, their long lifespan, and their unique capacity to serve as a virus reservoir.

Graphical abstract

Teaser

Bats co-exist with a large variety of viruses, and infection-derived cytosolic DNA could result in heightened DNA sensing and overactivation. Xie et al. show that STING-dependent IFN activation is dampened in bats due to the replacement of the highly conserved and functionally important serine residue S358.


http://ift.tt/2CFGyQF