Evaluation of the pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) as a model of human Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage.

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Evaluation of the pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) as a model of human Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage.

Infect Immun. 2018 Mar 19;:

Authors: Cole AL, Sweeney YC, Lasseter AG, Gray JM, Beavis AC, Chong CF, Hajheidari SV, Beyene A, Patton DL, Cole AM

Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (SA) nasal carriage is a common condition effecting both healthy and immunocompromised populations, and provides a reservoir for dissemination of potentially infectious strains by casual contact. Factors regulating the onset and duration of nasal SA colonization are mostly unknown, and a human-relevant animal model is needed. Here, we screened 17 pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) for SA carriage, and 14 of 17 animals tested positive in the nose at one or both screening sessions (8 weeks apart), while the other three animals were negative in the nose but positive in the pharynx at least once. Similar to humans, SA colonization was densest in the nose and treatment of the nostrils with mupirocin ointment effectively cleared the nostrils and 6 extra-nasal body sites. Experimental nasal SA colonization was established with 104 CFU/nostril, and both autologous and non-autologous strains survived over 40 days without any apparent adverse effects. A human nasal SA isolate (D579/ST398) was carried in 4 of 6 animals for over three weeks. Nostrils that did eradicate experimentally applied SA exhibited neutrophilic innate immunity marked by elevated nasal IL-1β, IL-8, MCP-1, and a 10-fold decreased IL-1RA:IL-1β ratio within 7 days post-inoculation, analogous to the human condition. Taken together, pig-tailed macaques represent a physiological model of human SA nasal carriage that may be utilized for testing natural colonization and decolonization mechanisms as well as novel classes of anti-SA therapeutics.

PMID: 29555678 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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