In vivo expression of proteases and protease inhibitor, a serpin, by periodontal pathogens at teeth and implants

Summary

Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia secrete proteases, gingipains and KLIKK-proteases. In addition, T. forsythia produces a serpin (miropin) with broad inhibitory spectrum. The aim of this pilot study was to determine the level of expression of miropin and individual proteases in vivo in periodontal and peri-implant health and disease conditions. Biofilm and gingival/peri-implant crevicular fluid (GCF or PISF respectively) samples from healthy tooth and implant sites (n=10), gingivitis and mucositis sites (n=12), and periodontitis and peri-implantitis sites (n=10). Concentration of interleukins (IL)-8, IL-1β and IL-10 in GCF was determined by ELISA. Loads of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia and the presence of proteases and miropin genes were assessed in biofilm by qPCR, while genes expression was estimated by qRT-PCR.

Presence of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia, as well as the level of IL-8 and IL-1β, were associated with disease severity in the periodontal and peri-implant tissues. In biofilm samples harboring T. forsythia genes encoding proteases were found to be present at 72.4% for karilysin and 100% for other KLIKK-proteases genes and miropin. At the same time, detectable mRNA expression of individual genes was in the range from 20.7% to 58.6% samples (for forsylisin and miropsin-1, respectively). In comparison to the T. forsythia proteases, miropin and the gingipains were highly expressed. The level of expression of gingipains was associated with those of miropin and certain T. forsythia proteases around teeth but not implants. Cumulatively, KLIKK-proteases and especially miropin might play a role in pathogenesis of both periodontal and peri-implant diseases.

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