Degradation of nitrobenzene wastewater in an acidic environment by Ti(IV)/H 2 O 2 /O 3 in a rotating packed bed

Abstract

The rotating packed bed (RPB) as a continuous flow reactor performs very well in degradation of nitrobenzene wastewater. In this study, acidic nitrobenzene wastewater was degraded using ozone (O₃) combined with hydrogen peroxide and titanium ions (Ti(IV)/H₂O₂/O₃) or using only H₂O₂/O₃ in a RPB. The degradation efficiency of nitrobenzene by Ti(IV)/H₂O₂/O₃ is roughly 16.84% higher than that by H₂O₂/O₃, and it reaches as high as 94.64% in 30 min at a H₂O₂/O₃ molar ratio of 0.48. It is also found that the degradation efficiency of nitrobenzene is significantly affected by the high gravity factor, H₂O₂/O₃ molar ratio, and Ti(IV) concentration, and it reaches a maximum at a high gravity factor of 40, a Ti(IV) concentration of 0.50 mmol/L, a pH of 4.0, a H₂O₂/O₃ molar ratio of 0.48, a liquid flow rate of 120 L/h, and an initial nitrobenzene concentration of 1.22 mmol/L. Both direct ozonation and indirect ozonation are involved in the reaction of O₃ with organic pollutants. The indirect ozonation due to the addition of different amounts of tert-butanol (·OH scavenger) in the system accounts for 84.31% of the degradation efficiency of nitrobenzene, indicating that the nitrobenzene is dominantly oxidized by ·OH generated in the RPB-Ti(IV)/H₂O₂/O₃ process. Furthermore, the possible oxidative degradation mechanisms are also proposed to better understand the role of RPB in the removal of pollutants.

Graphical abstract

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