“The Use of Antidotes for Calcium Gluconate Extravasation: An Experimental Study in Mice”

Background Calcium Gluconate Extravasation is a process that can cause serious lesions, such as necrosis and calcification of the soft tissues. The aim of the present study is to analyze the beneficial effects of four possible local antidotes for calcium gluconate extravasation: hyaluronidase, sodium thiosulfate, triamcinolone acetonide and physiological saline solution. Methods 74 BALB/c mice were used in the study. The substances selected for use in this study were calcium gluconate (4.6 mEq/ml), hyaluronidase (1500 IU/ml), sodium thiosulfate (25%), triamcinolone acetonide (40 mg/ml 0.5 mg/kg) and saline solution 0.9%. Five minutes were allowed to lapse after the calcium gluconate infiltration and then an antidote was infiltrated. After three weeks, a skin biopsy was performed and a radiographic and histological study carried out. Results Only in the group infiltrated with sodium thiosulfate did all skin lesions disappear after the 3-week period following infiltration. In the radiographic study, calcium deposits larger than 0.5mm were observed in 40% of cases without an antidote, in 33% with triamcinolone acetonide, in 13% with a saline solution and none at all with thiosulfate and hyaluronidase. In the histological study, calcium deposits were found in 53% of cases without antidote, 100% of cases with triamcinolone acetonide, 33% of cases with saline solution and 13% of cases with sodium thiosulfate or hyaluronidase. Conclusions Sodium thiosulfate and hyaluronidase prevent the development of calcium deposits after calcium gluconate extravasation. Financial disclosure Statement: None of the authors has been financed for participating in the writing of this article. We declare that there is no conflict of interests related to the products mentioned in this article. Ethical conflicts: A study protocol was developed approved by the Animal Experimentation Ethics Committee in our center. Corresponding author: Francisco Javier Pacheco Compaña, MD, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, As Xubias, 84., A Coruña (A Coruña). PC: 15006. Spain., javipacheco25@hotmail.com ©2018American Society of Plastic Surgeons

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