Short-term evaluation of photobiomodulation therapy on the proliferation and undifferentiated status of dental pulp stem cells

Abstract

The aim of this in vitro study was to analyze the effect of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on the proliferation and undifferentiating status of stem cell from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs). PBMT was carried out with an aluminum gallium indium phosphide (InGaAlP) diode laser in contact and punctual mode (continuous wave, 660 nm, 20 mW, 0.028 cm², and average energy densities of 1 (1 s), 3 (4 s), 5 (7 s), 10 (14 s), 15 (21 s), or 20 (28 s) J/cm² per point). The immunoprofile of the SHEDs was analyzed using flow cytometry. Cell proliferation was assessed by the MTT reduction assay. Gene expressions of mesenchymal stem cell markers (OCT4, Nestin, CD90, and CD105) were assessed by RT-qPCR 48 h after PBMT. Data were compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test (p ≤ 0.05). Cells cultured under nutritional deficit and treated with PBMT at 5 J/cm² presented similar cell growth than those of positive control group. Cell growth was significantly higher than those of other groups. Mesenchymal stem cell gene markers were still expressed after PBMT at 5 J/cm². In a short-term analysis, PBMT increases the number of stem cells with no interference in the undifferentiated state of the irradiated cells, which opens wide possibilities for application in tissue regeneration.

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