Multivector functioning muscle transfer using superficial subslips of the serratus anterior muscle for longstanding facial paralysis

Various donor muscles have been identified for restoring facial function due to longstanding facial paralysis. Donor muscles, such as the gracilis and latissimus dorsi, are frequently used and often produce one or two reliable vectors of force. There are drawbacks to using these muscles including the instability of separating multivector functioning muscle units and limited amount of muscle contraction. Serratus anterior muscle transfer has the advantages of multiple independently functioning motor units that can be created with a single neurovascular pedicle.

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