Summary/Outline
The sense of taste is placed at the forefront when it comes to the interaction of our body with food‐borne chemicals. However, the role of our taste system and, in particular its associated taste receptors, is not limited to drive food preferences leading to ingestion or rejection before other organs take over responsibility for nutrient digestion, absorption, and metabolic regulation, taste sensory elements do much more. On the one hand extra‐oral taste receptors from brain to gut continue to sense nutrients and noxious substances after ingestion and, on the other hand, the nutritional state is acting backwards on the taste system. This intricate regulatory network is orchestrated by endocrine factors secreted in response to taste receptor signaling and, in turn regulating taste receptor cells themselves. This work summarizes current knowledge on the endocrine regulation of the taste perceptual system and the release of hunger/satiety regulating factors by gastrointestinal taste receptors. Furthermore, the regulation of blood glucose levels through the activation of pancreatic sweet taste receptors and subsequent insulin secretion as well as the influences of bitter compounds on thyroid hormone release will be addressed. Finally, central effects of tastants will be discussed briefly.
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