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Πέμπτη 30 Μαρτίου 2017
Scholar : These new articles for Acta Odontologica Scandinavica are available online
Test-retest reliability of myofascial trigger point detection in hip and thigh areas
Publication date: Available online 29 March 2017
Source:Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies
Author(s): E. Rozenfeld, A.S. Finestone, U. Moran, E. Damri, L. Kalichman
BackgroundMyofascial trigger points (MTrP's) are a primary source of pain in patients with musculoskeletal disorders. Nevertheless, they are frequently underdiagnosed. Reliable MTrP palpation is the necessary for their diagnosis and treatment. The few studies that have looked for intra-tester reliability of MTrPs detection in upper body, provide preliminary evidence that MTrP palpation is reliable. Reliability tests for MTrP palpation on the lower limb have not yet been performed.ObjectiveTo evaluate inter- and intra-tester reliability of MTrP recognition in hip and thigh muscles.DesignReliability study.Subjects21 patients (15 males and 6 females, mean age 21.1 years) referred to the physical therapy clinic, 10 with knee or hip pain and 11 with pain in an upper limb, low back, shin or ankle.MethodsTwo experienced physical therapists performed the examinations, blinded to the subjects' identity, medical condition and results of the previous MTrP evaluation. Each subject was evaluated four times, twice by each examiner in a random order. Dichotomous findings included a palpable taut band, tenderness, referred pain, and relevance of referred pain to patient's complaint. Based on these, diagnosis of latent MTrP's or active MTrP's was established. The evaluation was performed on both legs and included a total of 16 locations in the following muscles: rectus femoris (proximal), vastus medialis (middle and distal), vastus lateralis (middle and distal) and gluteus medius (anterior, posterior and distal).ResultsInter- and intra-tester reliability (Cohen's kappa (κ)) values for single sites ranged from -0.25 to 0.77. Median intra-tester reliability was 0.45 and 0.46 for latent and active MTrP's, and median inter-tester reliability was 0.51 and 0.64 for latent and active MTrPs, respectively. The examination of the distal vastus medialis was most reliable for latent and active MTrP's (intra-tester k=0.27-0.77, inter-tester k=0.77 and intra-tester k=0.53-0.72, inter-tester k=0.72, correspondingly).ConclusionsInter- and intra-tester reliability of active and latent MTrP evaluation was moderate to substantial. Palpation evaluation can be used for clinical diagnosis of MTrP's in the hip and thigh muscles.SignificanceThis study provides evidence that MTrP palpation is a moderately reliable diagnostic tool in the hip and thigh muscles and can be used in clinical practice and research.
http://ift.tt/2nj3z45
Systemic sclerosis: Association between physical function, handgrip strength and pulmonary function
Publication date: Available online 29 March 2017
Source:Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies
Author(s): Agnaldo José Lopes, Amanda Cristina Justo, Arthur Sá Ferreira, Fernando Silva Guimaraes
BackgroundSystemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multisystem disease affecting the skin, respiratory system and skeletal muscles. In SSc patients, hand function disability is the major factor limiting daily activities.AimTo evaluate the association of physical function with handgrip strength and pulmonary function in SSc patients. A further aim was to assess the relationship between handgrip strength and pulmonary function in patients with SSc.MethodA cross-sectional study in which 28 patients with SSc underwent isometric handgrip strength (IHGS) measurement and pulmonary function tests and completed the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI) to measure physical function.ResultsThe HAQ-DI scores were associated with the IHGS (rs = -0.599, P = 0.001) and pulmonary function parameters, particularly the diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco; rs = -0.642, P = 0.0004).ConclusionIn patients with SSc, the degree of physical disability is associated with both hand grip strength and pulmonary function. However, there is no relationship between handgrip strength and pulmonary function in these patients.
http://ift.tt/2nCLQrw
Myoeletric indices of fatigue adopting different rest intervals during leg press sets
Publication date: Available online 29 March 2017
Source:Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies
Author(s): Gabriel A. Paz, Jeffrey M. Willardson, Marianna Maia, Carlos G. de Oliveira, Déborah Farias, Jurandir B. da Silva, Vicente P. Lima, Humberto Miranda
IntroductionThe purpose of this study was to examine the acute effect of different rest intervals between multiple sets of the 45° angled leg press exercise (LP45) on surface electromyographic (SEMG) spectral and amplitude indices of fatigue.MethodsFifteen recreationally trained females performed three protocols in a randomized crossover design; each consisting of four sets of 10 repetitions with 1 (P1), 3 (P3), or 5 (P5) minute rest intervals between sets. Each set was performed with 70% of the LP45 ten-repetition maximum load. The SEMG data for biceps femoris (BF), vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), and rectus femoris (RF) muscles was then evaluated.ResultsThe SEMG amplitude change in the time coefficient (CRMS) and spectral fatigue index (Cf5) indicated higher levels of fatigue for all muscles evaluated during the P3 protocol versus the P1 and P5 protocols (p ≤ 0.05), respectively. The RF and VL muscles showed greater fatigue levels by the second and third sets; whereas, greater fatigue was shown in the VM and BF muscles by the fourth set (p ≤ 0.05).ConclusionsA three-minute rest interval between sets might represent a neuromuscular window between a fatigue stated and fully recovered state in the context of neural activation. Moreover, a three minute rest interval between sets might allow for consistent recruitment of high threshold motor units over multiple sets, and thus promote a more effective stimulus for strength gains.
http://ift.tt/2njlnMf
Asymmetry of activation of lateral abdominal muscles during the neurodevelopmental traction technique
Publication date: Available online 29 March 2017
Source:Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies
Author(s): Anna Gogola, Rafał Gnat, Małgorzata Zaborowska, Dorota Dziub, Michalina Gwóźdź
ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to evaluate the symmetry and pattern of activation of lateral abdominal muscles (LAM) in response to neurodevelopmental traction technique.Design and participantsMeasurements of LAM thickness were performed in four experimental conditions: during traction with the force of 5% body weight (5% traction): 1) in neutral position, 2) in 20° posterior trunk inclination; during traction with the force of 15% body weight (15% traction): 3) in neutral position, 4) in 20° posterior trunk inclination. Thirty-seven healthy children participated in the study.Interventions: Not applicable.Main Outcome MeasuresTo evaluate LAM activation level ultrasound technology was employed (two Mindray DP660 devices (Mindray, Shenzhen, China) with 75L38EA linear probes). An experiment with repeated measurements of the dependent variables was conducted.ResultsSide-to-side LAM activation asymmetry showed relatively high magnitude, however, significant difference was found only in case of the obliquus externus (OE) during stronger traction (P<0.05). The magnitude of LAM thickness change formed a gradient, with the most profound transversus abdominis (TrA) showing the smallest change, and the most superficial OE – the greatest. The inter-muscle differences were most pronounced between the OE and TrA (P<0.001).ConclusionsDuring the neurodevelopmental traction technique there is a difference in individual LAM activation level, with deeper muscles showing less intense activation. In statistical terms, the only signs of side-to-side asymmetry of LAM activation are visible in case of the OE, however, the magnitude of asymmetry is relatively high.The results allow to identify patterns of activation of LAM in children showing typical development that will serve as a reference in future studies in children with neurological disorder.
http://ift.tt/2nCUPZW
Effect of stretching of piriformis and iliopsoas in coccydynia
Publication date: Available online 29 March 2017
Source:Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies
Author(s): P.P. Mohanty, Monalisa Pattnaik
pain in tailbone known as coccyx is referred as coccydynia. The pain aggravates in weight bearing i.e. sitting. Total 48 persons with coccydynia diagnosed clinically were recruited and randomly assigned into one of the 3 groups. Experimental group I treated by stretching of piriformis and iliopsoas muscles, experimental group II treated by stretching of piriformis and iliopsoas muscles and Maitland's rhythmic oscillatory thoracic mobilization over the hypomobile segments and conventional group treated by seat cushioning + Sitz bath + Phonophorosis. All participants underwent an initial baseline assessment for Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) by using modified syringe algometer and pain free sitting duration. All the subjects were advised to minimise sitting posture and use seat cushion. Treatment was given for 3 weeks, 5 sittings per week and post-treatment evaluation was done after completion of 3 weeks. Follow up evaluation was done after 1 month.Data analysisThe data was analyzed by using 3 X 3 ANOVA. Tukey's HSD post-Hoc analysis was used for all pair wise comparison.ResultsThe overall results of the study showed that there was significant improvement in pain pressure threshold and pain free sitting in both the experimental groups with treatment and improvement continued after cessation of therapy, whereas conventional group did not improve significantly.
http://ift.tt/2njabiN
Prevalence of physical activity among adolescents in southern Brazil
Publication date: Available online 30 March 2017
Source:Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies
Author(s): Tiago Rodrigues de Lima, Diego Augusto Santos Silva
ObjetiveThe aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of low physical activity levels and to identify related factors (sociodemographic, lifestyle and body weight status) in adolescents.MethodsThe study included 1,103 students aged 14-19 years from city of São José/SC, Brazil. Physical activity was assessed using a questionnaire that classified adolescents into those who meet recommendations and those who do not meet recommendations. Independent variables were gender, age, monthly household income, maternal education, balanced diet, number of physical education classes, sleep/day, tobacco use, excessive alcohol use, screen time and weight status. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.ResultsPrevalence of inadequate levels of physical activity was 77.2%. Older students and those with lower monthly family income were more likely of having inadequate levels of physical activity. Female adolescents and older students were more likely of being sufficiently active compared to male and younger adolescents. Adolescents who sleep more hours/day were more likely of being insufficiently active.ConclusionEfforts to increase levels of physical activity should be focused on older adolescents and those with lower monthly family income.
http://ift.tt/2nCZVpf
MYD88 L265P mutation in cutaneous involvement by Waldenström macroglobulinemia
ABSTRACT
Cutaneous manifestations of Waldenström macroglobulinemia may occur due to several mechanisms, the least common being direct skin infiltration by neoplastic cells. We report a case of patient that after 4-year history of indolent Waldenström macroglobulinemia developed skin infiltration by lymphoplasmacytoid cells in the form of a small, mildly indurated plaque on the anterior chest. MYD88 L265P mutation was detected both in the previous bone marrow biopsy and in the cutaneous lesion. We review the impact of this new genetic tool in the diagnosis and treatment of lymphoplasmacytic proliferations.
http://ift.tt/2oBuVmX
Clinical transition to model-based dose calculation algorithm: A retrospective analysis of high-dose-rate tandem and ring brachytherapy of the cervix
Source:Brachytherapy
Author(s): Dayee Jacob, Melissa Lamberto, Lana DeSouza Lawrence, Firas Mourtada
PurposeTo retrospectively compare clinical dosimetry of CT-based tandem–ring treatment plans using a model-based dose calculation algorithm (MBDCA) with the standard TG-43–based dose formalism.Methods and MaterialsA cohort of 10 cervical cancer cohorts treated using the tandem and ring high-dose-rate applicators were evaluated. The original treatment plans were created using the department CT-based volume optimization clinical standards. All plans originally calculated with TG-43 dose calculation formalism were recalculated using the MBDCA algorithm. The gross target volume and organs at risk (OARs) were contoured on each data set along with significant heterogeneities like air in cavity and high-density plastic tandem and ring components. The patient tissue was modeled as homogenous liquid water. D90, D95, and D100 for gross target volume, D0.1cm3, D1.0cm3, and D2.0cm3 for bladder, rectum, and sigmoid were extracted from dose–volume histograms for TG-43 and MBDCA calculated plans. Mean absolute difference ± 2σ in the above metrics was calculated for each plan.ResultsUsing the manual applicator contouring method, MBDCA plans (n = 10) showed 2.1 ± 1.1% reduction in dose to Point A average, 2.6 ± 0.9% reduction in Target D90 dose, and 2.1 ± 0.3% dose reduction to OARs. Results from plans using vendor supplied solid applicator models (n = 5) showed 2.2 ± 1.10% reduction in dose to Point A average, 2.7 ± 0.2% reduction in Target D90 dose, and 2.7 ± 1.0% dose reduction on average to OARs.ConclusionFor unshielded plastic gynecologic applicators, minimal dosimetric changes (<5%) were found using MBDCA relative to standard TG-43. Use of solid applicator model is more efficient than manual applicator contouring and also yielded similar MBDCA dosimetric results. Currently, TG-186 dose calculations should be reported along TG-43 until we obtain studies with larger cohorts to fully realize the potential of MBDCA dosimetry.
http://ift.tt/2oe6Oi4
Authors' response
Source:Brachytherapy
Author(s): Daniel Taussky
http://ift.tt/2nyuURB
Scholar : Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, Volume 15, Issue 3, June 2017 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online
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Editorial Board
Source:American Journal of Infection Control, Volume 45, Issue 4
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APIC Masthead
Source:American Journal of Infection Control, Volume 45, Issue 4
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Information for Readers
Source:American Journal of Infection Control, Volume 45, Issue 4
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Applying human factors and ergonomics to the misuse of nonsterile clinical gloves in acute care
Source:American Journal of Infection Control
Author(s): Jennie Wilson, Aggie Bak, Heather P. Loveday
BackgroundHealth care workers (HCWs) are recommended to wear nonsterile clinical gloves (NSCG) for direct contact with blood and body fluids. However, there is evidence of extensive inappropriate NSCG use.MethodsA mixed-methods study comprising observation of NSCG use in 2 acute hospitals and semistructured HCW interviews. Qualitative data were categorized using thematic analysis. Findings were mapped to the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety model and used to develop a strategy for improving NSCG use.ResultsTwo hundred seventy-eight procedures performed in 178 episodes of care involved the use of NSCG. NSCG were inappropriate for 59% of procedures (165 out of 278). Risk of cross-contamination occurred in 49% (87 out of 178) episodes. Twenty-six HCWs were interviewed; emotion and socialization were key factors influencing decisions to use NSCG. Data from observation and thematic analysis were mapped to 6 interacting components of the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety work system. Interventions targeting each component informed quality improvement strategiesConclusionsDespite intense promotion of hand hygiene as the key measure to protect patients from health care-associated infection, NSCG dominate routine clinical practice and potential cross-contamination occurs in 50% of care episodes. Such practice is associated with significant environmental and financial costs and adversely affects patient safety. The application of human factors and ergonomics to the complex drivers of inappropriate NSCG behavior may be more effective than conventional approaches of education and policy in achieving the goal of preventing health care-associated infection and improving patient safety.
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Information for Authors
Source:American Journal of Infection Control, Volume 45, Issue 4
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APIC 2017 to feature hot topics in infection prevention
Source:American Journal of Infection Control, Volume 45, Issue 4
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Table of Contents
Source:American Journal of Infection Control, Volume 45, Issue 4
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Clean your hands on May 5, 2017: Fight antibiotic resistance—it's in your hands
Source:American Journal of Infection Control, Volume 45, Issue 4
Author(s): Ermira Tartari, Daniela Pires, Didier Pittet
http://ift.tt/2odYSxf
Nosocomial outbreak of extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa associated with aromatherapy
Source:American Journal of Infection Control, Volume 45, Issue 4
Author(s): Astrid Mayr, Guido Hinterberger, Ingo H. Lorenz, Peter Kreidl, Wolfgang Mutschlechner, Cornelia Lass-Flörl
An increase of extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (XDR-PA) in various clinical specimens among intensive care unit patients (n = 7) initiated an outbreak investigation consisting of patient data analyses, control of adherence to infection control guidelines, microbiologic surveys, and molecular-based studies. XDR-PA was detected in a jointly used aroma-oil nursing bottle for aromatherapy. We implemented the restriction of oil sharing among patients. Hence, the outbreak was controlled successfully.
http://ift.tt/2okoPbw
Safety and use of peripherally inserted central catheters versus midline catheters at a large academic medical center
Source:American Journal of Infection Control, Volume 45, Issue 4
Author(s): Mohamed H. Yassin
http://ift.tt/2odYnmS
An economic analysis of the benefits of sterilizing medical instruments in low-temperature systems instead of steam
Source:American Journal of Infection Control
Author(s): Victoria McCreanor, Nicholas Graves
BackgroundHydrogen peroxide–based, low-temperature sterilization has been shown to do less damage to medical instruments than steam autoclaves. However, low-temperature systems are more expensive to run. Higher costs need to be balanced against savings from reduced repair costs to determine value for money when choosing how to sterilize certain instruments, which are able to be reprocessed in either system.MethodsThis analysis examines the economic effects of using low-temperature sterilization systems to reprocess rigid and semi-rigid endoscopes, which are sensitive to heat and moisture, but still able to be sterilized using steam. It examines the changes to costs and frequency of repairs expected over 10 years, resulting from a choice to sterilize these instruments in a low-temperature system instead of steam.ResultsOverall, the results showed that increased sterilization costs are outweighed by the savings associated with less frequent repairs. Over a 10-year period, in large health care facilities, the probability of achieving an internal rate of return of at least 6% is 0.81.ConclusionsOur model shows it is likely to be a good decision for large health care facilities to invest in low-temperature sterilization systems.
http://ift.tt/2okond2
Influenza vaccination among workers—21 U.S. states, 2013
Source:American Journal of Infection Control, Volume 45, Issue 4
Author(s): Alissa C. O'Halloran, Peng-jun Lu, Walter W. Williams, Pamela Schumacher, Aaron Sussell, Jan Birdsey, Winifred L. Boal, Marie Haring Sweeney, Sara E. Luckhaupt, Carla L. Black, Tammy A. Santibanez
BackgroundInfluenza illnesses can result in missed days at work and societal costs, but influenza vaccination can reduce the risk of disease. Knowledge of vaccination coverage by industry and occupation can help guide prevention efforts and be useful during influenza pandemic planning.MethodsData from 21 states using the 2013 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System industry-occupation module were analyzed. Influenza vaccination coverage was reported by select industry and occupation groups, including health care personnel (HCP) and other occupational groups who may have first priority to receive influenza vaccination during a pandemic (tier 1). The t tests were used to make comparisons between groups.ResultsInfluenza vaccination coverage varied by industry and occupation, with high coverage among persons in health care industries and occupations. Approximately half of persons classified as tier 1 received influenza vaccination, and vaccination coverage among tier 1 and HCP groups varied widely by state.ConclusionsThis report points to the particular industries and occupations where improvement in influenza vaccination coverage is needed. Prior to a pandemic event, more specificity on occupational codes to define exact industries and occupations in each tier group would be beneficial in implementing pandemic influenza vaccination programs and monitoring the success of these programs.
http://ift.tt/2oe1mf9
Scholar : These new articles for Museum Management and Curatorship are available online
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Scholar : Atlantic Journal of Communication, Volume 25, Issue 2, April-June 2017 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online
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Scholar : These new articles for Asian Journal of Political Science are available online
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The role of basic leucine zipper transcription factor E4BP4 in the immune system and immune-mediated diseases
Source:Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Jinghua Yin, Jian Zhang, Qianjin Lu
Basic leucine zipper transcription factor E4BP4 (also known as NFIL3) has been implicated in the molecular and cellular mechanisms of functions and activities in mammals. The interactions between E4BP4 and major regulators of cellular processes have triggered significant interest in the roles of E4BP4 in the pathogenesis of certain chronic diseases. Indeed, novel discoveries have been emerging to illustrate the involvement of E4BP4 in multiple disorders. It is recognized that E4BP4 is extensively involved in some immune-mediated diseases, but the mechanisms of E4BP4 involvement in these complex diseases remain poorly defined. Here we review the regulatory mechanisms of E4BP4 engaging in not only the biological function but also the development of immune-mediated diseases, paving the way for future therapies.
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Universal Head Ultrasound Screening in Full-Term Neonates: A Retrospective Analysis of 6771 Infants
Publication date: Available online 30 March 2017
Source:Pediatric Neurology
Author(s): Elisa Ballardini, Anna Tarocco, Chiara Rosignoli, Alessandro Baldan, Caterina Borgna-Pignatti, Giampaolo Garani
BackgroundFull-term neonates may have asymptomatic cranial injuries at birth and HUS could be useful for early diagnosis. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and type of intracranial abnormalities and the usefulness of HUS in these infants.MethodsA HUS was performed on all full-term neonates (gestational age between 37 and 42 weeks), born at Sant'Anna University Hospital of Ferrara, Italy, from June 1, 2008 through May 31, 2013.Ultrasound findings were categorized into three groups: normal, minor and major anomalies.ResultsAll full-term neonates (6,771) born at our hospital underwent HUS. 114/6771 (1.7%) presented ultrasound abnormalities, while 6,657 were normal (or insignificant). In 101/114 (88.6%), abnormalities were minor and only 13 infants were affected by major abnormalities (0.19% of all full-term newborns). All neonates with major abnormalities presented with either microcephaly or abnormal neurological evaluations. Only one case of major abnormalities was detected exclusively by ultrasound.ConclusionsThe number of significant anomalies detected by HUS in asymptomatic full-term neonates born during the study period was low. Therefore, according to data collected in this study, we believe that there is no indication for routine general HUS in these patients. However, even if low, in neonates who have neurological abnormalities, risk factors or suspected brain malformations, HUS may play an important role in the early diagnosis of intracranial anomalies.
http://ift.tt/2okgu7B
Scholar : African Studies, Volume 76, Issue 1, March 2017 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online
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HCE-T cell-based permeability model: A well-maintained or a highly variable barrier phenotype?
Publication date: 15 June 2017
Source:European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Volume 104
Author(s): Marina Juretić, Bisera Jurišić Dukovski, Iva Krtalić, Stephan Reichl, Biserka Cetina-Čižmek, Jelena Filipović-Grčić, Jasmina Lovrić, Ivan Pepić
The most extensively characterized human-derived cell line used in transcorneal permeability studies, in terms of passive transcellular and paracellular transport, transporter expression and metabolic enzymes, is the immortalized human corneal epithelial cell line (HCE-T). The purpose of this study is to describe the changes in the HCE-T barrier phenotype in vitro when valid cultivation conditions, in accordance with the standardized HCE-T cell-based model protocol, were employed. Evaluation of the structural and functional barrier properties revealed two different HCE-T barrier phenotypes, depending on the polycarbonate membrane pore size. Model I (pore size 0.4μm) was characterized by a multilayered HCE-T epithelium at the apical side and a weak barrier function (70–115Ω×cm2), whereas Model II (pore size 3μm) consisted of an apical lipophilic HCE-T monolayer and a basolateral lipophilic monolayer of migrated HCE-T cells that showed improved barrier properties (1700–2600Ω×cm2) compared with Model I. Considering the permeation of ophthalmic compounds and in vitro/ex vivo correlation, Model II was better able to predict transcorneal drug permeation. This study highlights the important aspects of HCE-T barrier phenotype variability that should be continuously monitored in the routine application of HCE-T cell-based models across both academic and pharmaceutical industry research laboratories.
Graphical abstract
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Scholar : These new articles for Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science are available online
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Financial feasibility of end-user designed rainwater harvesting and greywater reuse systems for high water use households
Abstract
Water availability pressures, competing end-uses and sewers at capacity are all drivers for change in urban water management. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) and greywater reuse (GWR) systems constitute alternatives to reduce drinking water usage and in the case of RWH, reduce roof runoff entering sewers. Despite the increasing popularity of installations in commercial buildings, RWH and GWR technologies at a household scale have proved less popular, across a range of global contexts. For systems designed from the top-down, this is often due to the lack of a favourable cost-benefit (where subsidies are unavailable), though few studies have focused on performing full capital and operational financial assessments, particularly in high water consumption households. Using a bottom-up design approach, based on a questionnaire survey with 35 households in a residential complex in Bucaramanga, Colombia, this article considers the initial financial feasibility of three RWH and GWR system configurations proposed for high water using households (equivalent to >203 L per capita per day). A full capital and operational financial assessment was performed at a more detailed level for the most viable design using historic rainfall data. For the selected configuration ('Alt 2'), the estimated potable water saving was 44% (equivalent to 131 m3/year) with a rate of return on investment of 6.5% and an estimated payback period of 23 years. As an initial end-user-driven design exercise, these results are promising and constitute a starting point for facilitating such approaches to urban water management at the household scale.
http://ift.tt/2okl1XI
Scholar : These new articles for Aging & Mental Health are available online
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Scholar : These new articles for AIDS Care are available online
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The accelerated path of ceritinib: Translating pre-clinical development into clinical efficacy
Source:Cancer Treatment Reviews
Author(s): Tony S.K. Mok, Lucio Crino, Enriqueta Felip, Ravi Salgia, Tommaso DePas, Daniel S.W. Tan, Laura Q.M. Chow
The discovery of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in 2007 led to the development and subsequent approval of the ALK inhibitor crizotinib in 2011. However, despite its clinical efficacy, resistance to crizotinib invariably develops. There is now a next generation of ALK inhibitors, including two that have been approved—ceritinib and alectinib—and others that are in development—brigatinib, lorlatinib and X-396. Ceritinib and the other next-generation ALK inhibitors are more potent than crizotinib and can overcome tumor cell resistance mechanisms. Ceritinib gained US Food and Drug Administration approval in 2014 following accelerated review for the treatment of patients with ALK-positive (ALK+) metastatic NSCLC who have progressed on or are intolerant to crizotinib.In pre-clinical studies, itdemonstrated more potent inhibition of ALK than crizotinib in enzymatic assays, more durable responses in xenograft models andthe ability to potently overcome crizotinib resistance mutations in vitro (including the gatekeeper mutation). There is also evidence for crizotinib penetration across the blood-brain barrier. In clinical trials, ceritinib has demonstrated durable responses and progression-free survival in ALK-inhibitor–pre-treated and –naïve NSCLC patients, including high overall and intracranial response rates in those with central nervous system metastases. Selective gastrointestinal toxicity of ceritinib, such as diarrhea, nausea and vomiting is generally manageable with prophylactic medication and prompt dose reduction or interruption. Future progress in treating ALK+ NSCLC will focus on determining the optimal sequencing of therapies and strategies to overcome acquired resistance, an ongoing challenge in treating ALK-mutation–driven tumors.
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The outcome of primary brachial plexus reconstruction in extended Erb’s obstetric palsy when only one root is available for intraplexus neurotization
Abstract
Background
A recent review by the International Federation of Societies for Surgery of the Hand showed no studies comparing the results of nerve grafting to distal nerve transfer for primary reconstruction of the brachial plexus in infants with obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBBP). The aim of this retrospective study is to compare two surgical reconstructive strategies in primary reconstruction of the brachial plexus in extended Erb's obstetric palsy with double root avulsion: one with and one without distal nerve transfer for elbow flexion.
Methods
Two groups of infants with extended Erb's palsy and double root avulsion were included in the study. Group I (n = 29) underwent reconstruction of the brachial plexus without distal nerve transfer. In group II (n = 26), the reconstruction included a distal nerve transfer for elbow flexion.
Results
Both groups had an excellent (over 96%) satisfactory outcome for elbow flexion. Group II has a significantly better outcome (P < 0.05) of shoulder abduction and wrist extension than group I.
Conclusions
The use of a distant nerve transfer for bicep reconstruction in extended Erb's obstetric palsy with double root avulsion gives a better outcome for shoulder abduction and wrist extension; and this seems to be related to the availability of more cable grafts to reconstruct the posterior division of the upper trunk and the middle trunk.
Level of Evidence: Level III, therapeutic study
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Airborne trace elements near a petrochemical industrial complex in Thailand assessed by the lichen Parmotrema tinctorum (Despr. ex Nyl.) Hale
Abstract
Several trace elements discharged by the petrochemical industry are toxic to humans and the ecosystem. In this study, we assessed airborne trace elements in the vicinity of the Map Ta Phut petrochemical industrial complex in Thailand by transplanting the lichen Parmotrema tinctorum to eight industrial, two rural, and one clean air sites between October 2013 and June 2014. After 242 days, the concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Ti, V, and Zn in lichens at most industrial sites were higher than those at the rural and the control sites; in particular, As, Cu, Mo, Sb, V, and Zn were significantly higher than at the control site (p < 0.05). Contamination factors (CFs) indicated that Cd, Cu, Mo, and Sb, which have severe health impacts, heavily contaminated at most industrial sites. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that most elements were associated with industry, with lesser contributions from traffic and agriculture. Based on the pollution load indexes (PLIs), two industrial sites were highly polluted, five were moderately polluted, and one had a low pollution level, whereas the pollution load at the rural sites was comparable to background levels. This study reinforces the utility of lichens as cost-effective biomonitors of airborne elements, suitable for use in developing countries, where adequate numbers of air monitoring instruments are unavailable due to financial, technical, and policy constraints.
http://ift.tt/2niwB3R
Rainwater harvesting in American Samoa: current practices and indicative health risks
Abstract
Roof-harvested rainwater (RHRW) is an important alternative source of water that many island communities can use for drinking and other domestic purposes when groundwater and/or surface water sources are contaminated, limited, or simply not available. The aim of this pilot-scale study was to investigate current RHRW practices in American Samoa (AS) and to evaluate and compare the quality of water from common potable water sources including RHRW stored in tanks, untreated stream water, untreated municipal well water, and treated municipal tap water samples. Samples were analyzed using culture-based methods, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and 16S amplicon sequencing-based methods. Based on indicator bacteria (total coliform and Escherichia coli) concentrations, the quality of RHRW was slightly lower than well and chlorinated tap water but exceeded that of untreated stream water. Although no Giardia or Leptospira spp. were detected in any of the RHRW samples, 86% of the samples were positive for Cryptosporidium spp. All stream water samples tested positive for Cryptosporidium spp. Opportunistic pathogens (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Mycobacterium intracellulare) were also detected in the RHRW samples (71 and 21% positive samples, respectively). Several potentially pathogenic genera of bacteria were also detected in RHRW by amplicon sequencing. Each RHRW system was characterized by distinct microbial communities, 77% of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were detected only in a single tank, and no OTU was shared by all the tanks. Risk of water-borne illness increased in the following order: chlorinated tap water/well water < RHRW < stream water. Frequent detection of opportunistic pathogens indicates that RHRW should be treated before use. Stakeholder education on RHRW system design options as well as on importance of regular cleaning and proper management techniques could improve the quality of the RHRW in AS.
http://ift.tt/2nC7bBK
Modeling technical change in climate analysis: evidence from agricultural crop damages
Abstract
This study accounts for the Hicks neutral technical change in a calibrated model of climate analysis, to identify the optimum level of technical change for addressing climate changes. It demonstrates the reduction to crop damages, the costs to technical change, and the net gains for the adoption of technical change for a climate-sensitive Pakistan economy. The calibrated model assesses the net gains of technical change for the overall economy and at the agriculture-specific level. The study finds that the gains of technical change are overwhelmingly higher than the costs across the agriculture subsectors. The gains and costs following technical change differ substantially for different crops. More importantly, the study finds a cost-effective optimal level of technical change that potentially reduces crop damages to a minimum possible level. The study therefore contends that the climate policy for Pakistan should consider the role of technical change in addressing climate impacts on the agriculture sector.
http://ift.tt/2niwvcx
Nitrogen contamination in groundwater in an agricultural region along the New Silk Road, northwest China: distribution and factors controlling its fate
Abstract
Nitrogen contamination is a global concern and has been a serious problem in agricultural areas. The present study was carried out in an intensively irrigated region of northwest China along the New Silk Road, Yinchuan Plain, where the residents depend on the groundwater as the primary source for drinking. To understand the nitrogen contamination in the aquifer system, the distribution of nitrate and ammonium and its controlling factors were studied based on hydrochemical, hydrogeological, and isotopic analyses. 11.37 and 40% of phreatic water samples are categorized as NO3–N and NH4–N pollution in accordance with the WHO standards. A total of 59.52% of confined water samples has high NH4–N values, exceeding the permissible limit for drinking purpose. The results indicate NO3–N predominates in the shallow water and NH4–N predominates in the deep water for the single phreatic aquifer. For the multilayer structure area, NO3–N predominates in the phreatic aquifer of the western and the southern parts of the plain; NH4–N predominates in the phreatic aquifer of the middle and the northern parts of the plain, and in the confined aquifers where groundwater pumping had been performed. The mixture of synthetic fertilizer and manure/sewage is primarily responsible for the phreatic water based on isotopic analysis. In the confined aquifers, higher NH4–N concentrations are mainly attributed to intensive pumping under higher pumping rates. The results of this study can be used as a scientific basis for the future research on nitrogen in the plain. They can also be used by scholars and decision makers who are interested in groundwater protection and sustainable development.
http://ift.tt/2nC8Fvx
The longevity of para-aminopropiophenone (PAPP) wild dog baits and the implications for effective and safe baiting campaigns
Abstract
Considerable effort goes into mitigating the impacts caused by invasive animals and prohibiting their establishment or expansion. In Australia, management of wild dogs (Canis lupus dingo and their hybrids) and their devastating impacts is reliant upon poison baiting. The recent release of baits containing the humane toxin para-aminopropiophenone (PAPP) offers potential improvements for control of wild dogs, but little is known about the environmental persistence of PAPP in manufactured baits that could be used to inform best practice guidelines. We investigated the degradation rate of PAPP wild dog baits (DOGABAIT™) under typical field usage and storage conditions in north-eastern Australia and calculated optimal deployment and withholding periods. The PAPP content of buried baits declines faster than surface-laid baits, but both presentations retained lethal doses to wild and domestic dogs for considerable periods (6–16 weeks). Domestic or working dogs should be suitably restrained or excluded from baited areas for extended periods, particularly under dry conditions, to minimise poisoning risk. The period of persistence of PAPP baits may provide opportunities to improve the duration or longer term efficacy of baiting campaigns, but care is needed to protect domestic and working dogs to ensure responsible and safe use.
http://ift.tt/2niFWbH
Chemical investigation and quality of urban dew collections with dust precipitates
Abstract
The quality and chemical composition of urban dew collections with dust precipitates without pre-cleaning of the collecting surface WSF (white standard foil) were investigated for 16 out of 20 collected samples with collected volumes ranging from 22 to 230 ml. The collection period was from March to July 2015 at an urban area, Jubaiha, which is located in the northern part of the capital city Amman, Jordan. The obtained results indicated the predominance of Ca2+ and SO42− ions (ratio 2.2:1) that originated from Saharan soil dust; where the collected samples were alkaline (mean pH = 7.35) with high mineralization (429.22 mg/L) exceeding the previously reported dew values in Amman-Jordan. A relocation of NaCl and to a less extent Mg2+ from sea to land by Saharan wind is indicated by the percent sea-salt fraction calculations (over 100 and 52, respectively). The collected samples exhibited high total organic carbon (TOC) values ranging from 11.86 to 74.60 mg/L, presence of particulate settled material with turbidity ranging from 20.10 to 520.00 NTU, and presence of undesired elements like boron (mean = 1.48 mg/L) that made it different in properties from other dew water collections at clean surfaces, and exceeding the standard limits for drinking water for these parameters set by Jordanian Drinking Water standards (JS286/2015)/WHO standard. The quality of this water is more close to that for raw or agricultural water but if it is meant to be used as potable source of water, at least sand and activated charcoal filters are needed to purify it.
http://ift.tt/2nC6GY8
Comparison of normal and dusty day impacts on fractional exhaled nitric oxide and lung function in healthy children in Ahvaz, Iran
Abstract
Children are the vulnerable group at risk of adverse health effects related to air pollution due to dust storm in Ahvaz. The purpose of this study was to compare the values of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) and lung functions as parameters of adverse health effects of particulate matter (PM) in dusty and normal (non-dusty) days in elementary schoolchildren. The study was conducted among elementary school students in Ahvaz. The healthy elementary schoolchildren (N = 105) were selected from different districts for FENO and lung function sampling during the dusty and normal days. The values of PM10 and PM2.5 during dusty days were higher than during normal days. Mean values of FENO during the normal and dusty days were 14.23 and 20.3 ppb, respectively, and the difference between these values was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Lung function results showed a statistically significant difference between the mean values of forced vital capacity during the dusty and normal days (p < 0.05). The results revealed a significant difference both in the values of inflammatory biomarker and in the lung function tests in dusty and normal days. Based on our results, fractional exhaled nitric oxide could be a useful short-term biomarker of particulate pollution effect coupled with spirometry.
http://ift.tt/2niwC7V
Ecological risk assessment of toxic organic pollutant and heavy metals in water and sediment from a landscape lake in Tianjin City, China
Abstract
To estimate the ecological risk of toxic organic pollutant (formaldehyde) and heavy metals (mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr)) in water and sediment from a landscape Lake in Tianjin City, an ecological risk assessment was performed. The risk quotient (RQ) method and the AQUATOX model were used to assess the ecological risk of formaldehyde in landscape water. Meanwhile, the RQ method and the potential ecological risk index method were used to assess the ecological risk of four heavy metals in water and sediment from the studied landscape lake, respectively. The results revealed that the maximum concentration of formaldehyde in landscape water was lower than the environmental quality standards of surface water in China. The maximum simulated concentrations of formaldehyde in phytoplankton and invertebrates were 3.15 and 22.91 μg/L, respectively, which were far less than its toxicity data values (1000 and 510 μg/L, respectively), suggesting that formaldehyde in landscape water was at a safe level for aquatic organisms. The RQ model indicated that the risks of phytoplankton and invertebrates were higher than that of fish posed by Hg and Cd in landscape water, and the risks from As and Cr were acceptable for all test organisms. Cd is the most important pollution factor among all heavy metals in sediment from studied landscape lake, and the pollution factor sequence of heavy metals was Hg > As > Cr > Cd. The values of risk index (RI) for four heavy metals in samples a and b were 43.48 and 72.66, which were much lower than the threshold value (150), suggesting that the ecological risk posed by heavy metals in sediment was negligible.
http://ift.tt/2nC6ybh
What about the detoxification mechanisms underlying ozone sensitivity in Liriodendron tulipifera ?
Abstract
Liriodendron tulipifera (known as the tulip tree) is a woody species that has been previously classified as sensitive to ozone (O3) in terms of visible leaf injuries and photosynthetic primary reactions. The objective of this work is to give a thorough description of the detoxification mechanisms that are at the basis of O3 sensitivity. Biochemical and molecular markers were used to characterize the response of 1-year-old saplings exposed to O3 (120 ppb, 5 h day−1, for 45 consecutive days) under controlled conditions. O3 effects resulted in a less efficient metabolism of Halliwell-Asada cycle as confirmed by the diminished capacity to convert the oxidized forms of ascorbate and glutathione in the reduced ones (AsA and GSH, respectively). The reduced activity of AsA and GSH regenerating enzymes indicates that de novo AsA biosynthesis occurred. This compound could be a cofactor of several plant-specific enzymes that are involved in the early part of the phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, as confirmed by the significant rise of PAL activity (+75%). The induction of the defence-related secondary metabolites (in particular, rutin and caffeic acid were about threefold higher) and the concomitant increase in transcript levels of PAL and CHS genes (+120 and 30%, respectively) suggest that L. tulipifera utilized this route in order to partially counteract the O3-induced oxidative damage.
http://ift.tt/2nif4sy
Studies on the protective effect of the artichoke ( Cynara scolymus ) leaf extract against cadmium toxicity-induced oxidative stress, hepatorenal damage, and immunosuppressive and hematological disorders in rats
Abstract
Our objective was to explore the protective effect of artichoke leaf extract (ALE) against cadmium (Cd) toxicity-induced oxidative organ damage in rats. Male albino Wistar rats were divided into four equal groups of eight animals each. The first group was assigned as a control. Groups 2–4 were orally administered with ALE (300 mg/kg bw), Cd (CdCl2, 100 mg/L drinking water), and ALE plus Cd, respectively, daily for 4 weeks. After treatment with Cd, the liver and kidney malondialdehyde (MDA) increased significantly compared with the control rats. The sera interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and IL-10, liver transaminase, urea, creatinine, and peripheral neutrophil count were significantly increased in Cd-exposed rats compared to the control group. The reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) decreased in the liver and kidney in Cd-exposed group. In combination treatment, Cd and ALE significantly improved immune response, an antioxidant system, and hepatorenal function with a significant decline in MDA. In conclusion, ALE ameliorates the immunosuppressive and hepatorenal oxidative injury stimulated by Cd in rats. These results suggest that artichoke has shown promising effects against adverse effects of Cd toxicity.
http://ift.tt/2nBZImb
Effect of microscale ZVI/magnetite on methane production and bioavailability of heavy metals during anaerobic digestion of diluted pig manure
Abstract
Low methane production and high levels of heavy metal in pig slurries limit the feasibility of anaerobic digestion of pig manure. In this study, changes in the methane production and bioavailability of heavy metals in the anaerobic digestion of diluted pig manure were evaluated using single and combined action of microscale zero-valence iron (ZVI) and magnetite. After 30 days of anaerobic digestion, the methane yield ranged from 246.9 to 334.5 mL/g VS added, which increased by 20–26% in the group added with microscale ZVI and/or magnetite relative to that in the control group. Results of the first-order kinetic model revealed that addition of microscale ZVI and/or magnetite increased the biogas production potential, rather than the biogas production rate constant. These treatments also changed the distribution of chemical fractions for heavy metal. The addition of ZVI decreased the bioavailability of Cu and Zn in the solid digested residues. Moreover, a better performance was observed in the combined action of microscale ZVI and magnetite, and the ZVI anaerobic corrosion end-product, magnetite, might help enhance methane production through direct interspecies electron transfer in ZVI-anaerobic digestion process.
http://ift.tt/2nimjkb
Efficacy of an emollient containing diethylene glycol/dilinoleic acid copolymer for the treatment of dry skin and pruritus in patients with senile xerosis
Summary
Background and Aims
Pruritus frequently reduces quality of life (QOL) in patients with senile xerosis. This study investigated the moisturizing and antipruritic effects of a topical emollient containing a diethylene glycol/dilinoleic acid copolymer (D/DC) in patients with pruritic senile xerosis.
Methods
This single-blind study involved 50 subjects, aged 50-75 years. Patients were randomized to self-applied treatment of the lower legs with 10% (n = 20) or 20% (n = 20) D/DC-containing cream, white petrolatum (n = 5), or no treatment (n = 5) thrice daily for four weeks. Clinical scores of skin dryness and scratch marks, skin conductance, and Skindex-16 were evaluated before and after treatment. The degree of pruritus was evaluated by visual analog scale (VAS) score once a week.
Results
Patients treated with 10% and 20% D/DC showed significant improvements in skin dryness and scratch mark scores, as well as increased skin conductance, compared with the untreated group, whereas white petrolatum treatment improved only skin dryness scores. Moreover, patients treated with 20% D/DC showed significant improvements in skin dryness scores and skin conductance compared with white petrolatum treatment. The VAS scores in the D/DC-treated and white petrolatum-treated groups were significantly lower than in the untreated group, being particularly lower after one week of treatment with 20% D/DC.
Conclusion
Topical application of an emollient containing D/DC is effective in improving skin dryness and pruritus in patients with senile xerosis.
http://ift.tt/2oBf2gl
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Ειδοποίηση Μελετητή:[ ωτα ] [HTML] Gender, identity and material: Film screening C Brand - 2017 ftypM4V *M4V M4A mp42isom*a┌moovlmvhd...
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Publication date: September 2017 Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Volume 110 Author(s): Lucía Fernández-del-Río, Anish Nag, Elen...
