<span class="paragraphSection"><div class="boxTitle">Abstract</div>This study included 168 and 85 mother–infant dyads from Asian and United States of America cohorts to examine whether a genomic profile risk score for major depressive disorder (GPRS<sub>MDD</sub>) moderates the association between antenatal maternal depressive symptoms (or socio-economic status, SES) and fetal neurodevelopment, and to identify candidate biological processes underlying such association. Both cohorts showed a significant interaction between antenatal maternal depressive symptoms and infant GPRS<sub>MDD</sub> on the right amygdala volume. The Asian cohort also showed such interaction on the right hippocampal volume and shape, thickness of the orbitofrontal and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Likewise, a significant interaction between SES and infant GPRS<sub>MDD</sub> was on the right amygdala and hippocampal volumes and shapes. After controlling for each other, the interaction effect of antenatal maternal depressive symptoms and GPRS<sub>MDD</sub> was mainly shown on the right amygdala, while the interaction effect of SES and GPRS<sub>MDD</sub> was mainly shown on the right hippocampus. Bioinformatic analyses suggested neurotransmitter/neurotrophic signaling, SNAp REceptor complex, and glutamate receptor activity as common biological processes underlying the influence of antenatal maternal depressive symptoms on fetal cortico-limbic development. These findings suggest gene–environment interdependence in the fetal development of brain regions implicated in cognitive–emotional function. Candidate biological mechanisms involve a range of brain region-specific signaling pathways that converge on common processes of synaptic development.</span>
http://ift.tt/2pSS3Rw
Δευτέρα 8 Μαΐου 2017
Effects of Antenatal Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Socio-Economic Status on Neonatal Brain Development are Modulated by Genetic Risk
Transient Cell-intrinsic Activity Regulates the Migration and Laminar Positioning of Cortical Projection Neurons
<span class="paragraphSection"><div class="boxTitle">Abstract</div>Neocortical microcircuits are built during development and require the coordinated assembly of excitatory glutamatergic projection neurons (PNs) into functional networks. Neuronal migration is an essential step in this process. In addition to cell-intrinsic mechanisms, external cues including neurotransmitters regulate cortical neuron migration, suggesting that early activity could influence this process. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of cell-intrinsic activity in migrating PNs in vivo using a designer receptor exclusively activated by a designer drug (DREADD) chemogenetic approach. In utero electroporation was used to specifically express the human M3 muscarinic cholinergic Gq-coupled receptor (hM3Dq) in PNs and calcium activity, migratory dynamics, gene expression, and laminar positioning of PNs were assessed following embryonic DREADD activation. We found that transient embryonic DREADD activation induced premature branching and transcriptional changes in migrating PNs leading to a persistent laminar mispositioning of superficial layer PNs into deep cortical layers without affecting expression of layer-specific molecular identity markers. In addition, live imaging approaches indicated that embryonic DREADD activation increased calcium transients in migrating PNs and altered their migratory dynamics by increasing their pausing time. Taken together, these results support the idea that increased cell-intrinsic activity during migration acts as a stop signal for migrating cortical PNs.</span>
http://ift.tt/2pqLrHc
Persistence of Amygdala–Hippocampal Connectivity and Multi-Voxel Correlation Structures During Awake Rest After Fear Learning Predicts Long-Term Expression of Fear
<span class="paragraphSection"><div class="boxTitle">Abstract</div>After encoding, memories undergo a process of consolidation that determines long-term retention. For conditioned fear, animal models postulate that consolidation involves reactivations of neuronal assemblies supporting fear learning during postlearning "offline" periods. However, no human studies to date have investigated such processes, particularly in relation to long-term expression of fear. We tested 24 participants using functional MRI on 2 consecutive days in a fear conditioning paradigm involving 1 habituation block, 2 acquisition blocks, and 2 extinction blocks on day 1, and 2 re-extinction blocks on day 2. Conditioning blocks were preceded and followed by 4.5-min rest blocks. Strength of spontaneous recovery of fear on day 2 served as a measure of long-term expression of fear. Amygdala connectivity primarily with hippocampus increased progressively during postacquisition and postextinction rest on day 1. Intraregional multi-voxel correlation structures within amygdala and hippocampus sampled during a block of differential fear conditioning furthermore persisted after fear learning. Critically, both these main findings were stronger in participants who exhibited spontaneous recovery 24 h later. Our findings indicate that neural circuits activated during fear conditioning exhibit persistent postlearning activity that may be functionally relevant in promoting consolidation of the fear memory.</span>
http://ift.tt/2pSMySY
Scholar : These new articles for Museum Management and Curatorship are available online
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Scholar : These new articles for Journal of the Institute of Conservation are available online
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Biocontrol activity of effusol from the extremophile plant, Juncus maritimus, against the wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici
Abstract
Zymoseptoria tritici, responsible for Septoria tritici blotch, is the most important pathogen of wheat. The control of this parasite relies mainly on synthetic fungicides, but their use is increasingly controversial and searching for alternative management strategies is encouraged. In this context, the biocontrol potential of crude methanolic extracts of eight extremophile plant species from Tunisia, including three xerophytes and five halophytes, against Z. tritici was assessed. Only the extract of Juncus maritimus rhizomes showed significant in vitro antifungal activity. In extremophile plants, the production of secondary metabolites is often influenced by abiotic conditions. Thus, we collected several samples of J. maritimus rhizomes at different vegetative stages, at different periods, and from different substrates to compare their antifungal activities. Our results suggest that the plant environment, especially the substrate of the soil, should be taken into account to identify great sources of natural antifungal products. From the most active sample, a 9,10-dehydrophenanthrene derivative, effusol, absent from other J. maritimus rhizomes extracts, was purified. This product showed a strong antifungal activity against the pathogen, with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 19 μg mL−1 and an half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 9.98 μg mL−1. This phenanthrene derivative could be a promising biocontrol molecule against Z. tritici.
http://ift.tt/2qgR9zJ
Difference of performance in response to disease admissions between daily time air quality indices and those derived from average and entropy functions
Abstract
Daily time air quality indices, which can reflect air quality in 1 day, are suitable for identifying daily exposure during conditions of poor air quality. The aim of this study is to compare the main effectiveness of four daily time indices in representing variation in the number of disease admissions. These indices include pollution standard index (PSI), air quality index (AQI) and their respective indices derived from mean and entropy functions: MEPSI and MEAQI. The hourly concentrations of fine particulate matter less than 10 μm in diameter (PM10), PM2.5, O3, CO, NO2 and SO2 from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2010 were obtained from 14 air quality monitoring stations owned by the Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) in the Kaoping region, Taiwan.
Instead of circulatory system disease admissions, the indices were correlative with the number of respiratory disease admissions with correlative coefficients of 0.49 to 0.56 (P < 0.05). The daily time air quality indices derived from mean and entropy functions improved their performance of reactive range and air pollution identification. The reactive range of MEPSI and MEAQI was 1.4–3 times that of the original indices. The MEPSI and MEAQI increased identification from 40 to 180 in index scale and revealed one to two additional categories of public health effect information. In comparison with other indices, MEAQI is more effective for application to pollution events with multiple air pollutants.
http://ift.tt/2qRWyKq
The evaluation model of the enterprise energy efficiency based on DPSR
Abstract
The reasonable evaluation of the enterprise energy efficiency is an important work in order to reduce the energy consumption. In this paper, an effective energy efficiency evaluation index system is proposed based on DPSR (Driving forces-Pressure-State-Response) with the consideration of the actual situation of enterprises. This index system which covers multi-dimensional indexes of the enterprise energy efficiency can reveal the complete causal chain which includes the "driver forces" and "pressure" of the enterprise energy efficiency "state" caused by the internal and external environment, and the ultimate enterprise energy-saving "response" measures. Furthermore, the ANP (Analytic Network Process) and cloud model are used to calculate the weight of each index and evaluate the energy efficiency level. The analysis of BL Company verifies the feasibility of this index system and also provides an effective way to improve the energy efficiency at last.
http://ift.tt/2qgMyxs
Double genetically modified symbiotic system for improved Cu phytostabilization in legume roots
Abstract
Excess copper (Cu) in soils has deleterious effects on plant growth and can pose a risk to human health. In the last decade, legume-rhizobium symbioses became attractive biotechnological tools for metal phytostabilization. For this technique being useful, metal-tolerant symbionts are required, which can be generated through genetic manipulation.
In this work, a double symbiotic system was engineered for Cu phytostabilization: On the one hand, composite Medicago truncatula plants expressing the metallothionein gene mt4a from Arabidopsis thaliana in roots were obtained to improve plant Cu tolerance. On the other hand, a genetically modified Ensifer medicae strain, expressing copper resistance genes copAB from Pseudomonas fluorescens driven by a nodulation promoter, nifHp, was used for plant inoculation. Our results indicated that expression of mt4a in composite plants ameliorated plant growth and nodulation and enhanced Cu tolerance. Lower levels of ROS-scavenging enzymes and of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), such as malondialdehyde (a marker of lipid peroxidation), suggested reduced oxidative stress. Furthermore, inoculation with the genetically modified Ensifer further improved root Cu accumulation without altering metal loading to shoots, leading to diminished values of metal translocation from roots to shoots. The double modified partnership is proposed as a suitable tool for Cu rhizo-phytostabilization.
http://ift.tt/2qRVMNG
Biological control of broad-leaved dock infestation in wheat using plant antagonistic bacteria under field conditions
Abstract
Conventional weed management systems have produced many harmful effects on weed ecology, human health and environment. Biological control of invasive weeds may be helpful to minimize these harmful effects and economic losses incurred to crops by weeds. In our earlier studies, plant antagonistic bacteria were obtained after screening a large number of rhizobacteria for production of phytotoxic substances and effects on wheat and its associated weeds under laboratory conditions. In this study, five efficient strains inhibitory to broad-leaved dock and non-inhibitory to wheat were selected and applied to broad-leaved dock co-seeded with wheat both in pot trial and chronically infested field trial. Effects of plant antagonistic bacteria on the weed and infested wheat were studied at tillering, booting and harvesting stage of wheat. The applied strains significantly inhibited the germination and growth of the weed to variable extent. Similarly, variable recovery in losses of grain and straw yield of infested wheat from 11.6 to 68 and 13 to 72.6% was obtained in pot trial while from 17.3 to 62.9 and 22.4 to 71.3% was obtained in field trial, respectively. Effects of plant antagonistic bacteria were also evident from the improvement in physiology and nutrient contents of infested wheat. This study suggests the use of these plant antagonistic bacteria to biologically control infestation of broad-leaved dock in wheat under field conditions.
http://ift.tt/2qgCbth
Effect of microorganisms on reducing cadmium uptake and toxicity in rice ( Oryza sativa L.)
Abstract
This study analyzed the application of three microorganism inoculums, including Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, and commercial effective microorganism (EM) solution in order to determine cadmium (Cd) reduction in rice (Oryza sativa L.) and rice growth promotion. Rice was grown in Cd-contaminated soil (120 mg/kg) and selected microorganisms were inoculated. Cd concentration and rice weight were measured at 45 and 120 days of the experiment. The result showed that B. subtilis inoculation into rice can highly reduce Cd accumulation in every part of rice roots and shoots (45 days), and grains (120 days). This species can effectively absorb Cd compared to other inoculums, which might be the main mechanism to reduce Cd transportation in rice plants. Interestingly, plants that were inoculated with bacterial species individually harbored higher calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) accumulation; B. subtilis-inoculated plants had the highest levels of Ca and Mg compared to other inoculated ones. Moreover, inoculating rice plants with these microorganisms could increase the dry weight of the plant and protect them from Cd stress because all the inoculums presented the ability to solubilize phosphate, produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and control ethylene levels by 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity. After 120 days, quantification of each inoculum by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) confirmed the root colonization of bacterial species, with B. subtilis showing higher 16S rRNA gene copy numbers than the other species. B. subtilis was classified as a non-human pathogenic strain, reassuring the safe application of this plant growth-promoting bacterium as a crop inoculum.
http://ift.tt/2qRP8a3
Effect of cadmium exposure on essential omega-3 fatty acids in the edible bivalve Donax trunculus
Abstract
Donax trunculus is the most consumed bivalve by the local population of the Northeast Algeria for its nutritional value. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to determine the effects of cadmium (Cd), a known toxic metal, on the alterations in main essential omega-3 fatty acids, i.e., eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6n-3), in male and female gonads of D. trunculus during the reproduction period at spring (before spawning). Additionally, this work seeks to describe the relation between EPA and DHA with non-methylene-interrupted dienoic (NMID) fatty acids, and explores their possible contribution of to protect against Cd stress. The samples were collected at El Battah, a relatively clean sea shore, and reared in the laboratory. Physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, pH, salinity, and dissolved oxygen were measured. Cd was added to the rearing water at two sublethal concentrations (LC10 and LC25-96h, as determined previously). A two-way ANOVA analysis indicated significant effects of concentrations and genders for both fatty acids. Our results showed a significant reduction in EPA and DHA concentrations in the both genders, with a strong effect in females. There was also a negative correlation between NMID fatty acids and the two essential omega-3 fatty acids for each gender.
http://ift.tt/2qgM768
Prioritization of substances for national ambient monitoring of sediment in Switzerland
Abstract
In Switzerland, surface waters are protected by the Swiss Water Protection Ordinance (OEaux; OFEV 1998), which stipulates that the water quality shall be such that the water, suspended matter, and sediments contain no persistent synthetic substances to ensure the protection of aquatic life. Local agencies are in charge of water quality monitoring, using a set of validated methods. Several lists of priority substances have been developed for aquatic microcontaminants for surface water monitoring but not for sediments. Some local agencies have established sediment monitoring programs, but to date, there exists no harmonized methodology for sediment quality assessment in Switzerland. Within the main goal of developing and providing methodologies for monitoring sediment quality in Switzerland, a screening was performed to help prioritize sediment-relevant microcontaminants. The screening approach was largely based on the NORMAN (network of reference laboratories, research centers, and related organizations for monitoring emerging environmental substances) system and was carried out in four steps: (1) identification of candidate substances, (2) selection of sediment relevant substances, (3) classification of substances into different categories based on identified data gaps and envisaged actions, and (4) ranking within each action category. This paper describes the methodology used in the prioritization process for sediment-relevant substances and provides recommendations for monitoring strategies in Switzerland.
http://ift.tt/2qRX1MA
Impact of shipping emissions on ozone levels over Europe: assessing the relative importance of the Standard Nomenclature for Air Pollution (SNAP) categories
Abstract
The impact of shipping emissions on ozone mixing ratio over Europe is assessed for July 2006 using the Community Multiscale Air Quality modeling system and the Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research anthropogenic emission inventory. Results suggest that ship-induced ozone contribution to the total surface ozone exceeds 5% over the sea and near the coastline, while an increase up to 5% is simulated over a large portion of the European land. The largest impact (i.e., an increase up to 30%) is simulated over the Mediterranean Sea. In addition, shipping emissions are simulated to increase NO2 mixing ratio more than 90%, locally, and to modify the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere through hydroxyl radical formation (increase by 20–60% over the sea along the European coasts and near the coastal zone). Therefore, emissions from ships may counteract the benefits derived from the anthropogenic emissions reduction strategies over the continent. Simulations suggest regions where shipping emissions have a major impact on ozone mixing ratio compared to individual anthropogenic emission sector categories. Shipping emissions are estimated to play an important role on ozone levels compared to road transport sector near the coastal zone. The impact of shipping emissions on ozone formation is also profound over a great part of the European land compared to the rest of anthropogenic emission categories.
http://ift.tt/2qgN52p
Cosmetics, Vol. 4, Pages 13: Efficacy of Phoenix dactylifera L. (Date Palm) Creams on Healthy Skin
The date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L. Arecaceae) is used in most of the countries of the world and is an essential part of the diet, especially in many Arabian countries. Phoenix dactylifera L. fruits are a rich source of sugars (glucose and fructose), vitamins (A, C, and B complex), fibers, minerals, and phenolic compounds having antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study is designed to explore the Phoenix dactylifera L. fruit for skin care. A single-blinded, placebo control trial was conducted, including 11 healthy female volunteers after their informed consent. The efficacy of the Phoenix dactylifera L. extract (4%) was evaluated in cream form after one, two, three, four, six, and eight weeks of treatment compared with the baseline. Prior to the study, the composition of the extract was analyzed to understand the underlying mechanisms by which the extract affects skin. Treating facial skin with the Phoenix dactylifera L. extract significantly improved all parameters investigated, such as skin elasticity, pigmentation, redness, brightness, and hydration and led to the improvement of the facial skin. There were no adverse reactions noted during the course of the patch test, demonstrating that the extract could be safe to apply on the skin. The Phoenix dactylifera L. fruit extract serves as a skin care ingredient that significantly improves characteristics important for perception of skin ageing and health. The efficacy of the treatment is possibly due to a combination of numerous active substances found in the Phoenix dactylifera L. extract.
http://ift.tt/2pW1xff
Scholar : These new articles for Crystallography Reviews are available online
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Scholar : These new articles for Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science are available online
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Scholar : These new articles for AIDS Care are available online
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Characterization of a novel murine model for spontaneous hemorrhagic stroke using in vivo PET and MR multiparametric imaging
Source:NeuroImage, Volume 155
Author(s): Salvador Castaneda Vega, Christine Weinl, Carsten Calaminus, Lisa Wang, Maren Harant, Walter Ehrlichmann, Dennis Thiele, Ursula Kohlhofer, Gerald Reischl, Johann-Martin Hempel, Ulrike Ernemann, Leticia Quintanilla Martinez, Alfred Nordheim, Bernd J. Pichler
The clinical use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) has proven to be a strong diagnostic tool in the field of neurology. The reliability of these methods to confirm clinical diagnoses has guided preclinical research to utilize these techniques for the characterization of animal disease models.Previously, we demonstrated that an endothelial cell-specific ablation of the murine Serum Response Factor (SrfiECKO) results in blood brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and hemorrhagic stroke. Taking advantage of this mouse model we here perform a comprehensive longitudinal, multiparametric and in vivo imaging approach to reveal pathophysiological processes occurring before and during the appearance of cerebral microbleeds using combined PET and MRI. We complement our imaging results with data regarding animal behavior and immunohistochemistry.Our results demonstrate diffusion abnormalities in the cortical brain tissue prior to the onset of cerebral microbleeds. Diffusion reductions were accompanied by significant increments of [18F]FAZA uptake before the onset of the lesions in T2WI. The Open Field behavioral tests revealed reduced activity of SrfiECKO animals, whereas histology confirmed the presence of hemorrhages in cortical regions of the mouse brain and iron deposition at lesion sites with increased hypoxia inducible factor 1α, CD31 and glial fibrillary acidic protein expression.For the first time, we performed a thorough evaluation of the prodromal period before the occurrence of spontaneous cerebral microbleeds. Using in vivo PET and MRI, we show the pathological tissue changes that occur previous to gross blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption and breakage. In addition, our results show that apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) reduction may be an early biomarker of BBB disruption proposing an alternate clinical interpretation. Furthermore, our findings remark the usefulness of this novel SrfiECKO mouse model to study underlying mechanisms of hemorrhagic stroke.
http://ift.tt/2qImpY7
Functional modular architecture underlying attentional control in aging
Publication date: 15 July 2017
Source:NeuroImage, Volume 155
Author(s): Zachary A. Monge, Benjamin R. Geib, Rachel E. Siciliano, Lauren E. Packard, Catherine W. Tallman, David J. Madden
Previous research suggests that age-related differences in attention reflect the interaction of top-down and bottom-up processes, but the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying this interaction remain an active area of research. Here, within a sample of community-dwelling adults 19–78 years of age, we used diffusion reaction time (RT) modeling and multivariate functional connectivity to investigate the behavioral components and whole-brain functional networks, respectively, underlying bottom-up and top-down attentional processes during conjunction visual search. During functional MRI scanning, participants completed a conjunction visual search task in which each display contained one item that was larger than the other items (i.e., a size singleton) but was not informative regarding target identity. This design allowed us to examine in the RT components and functional network measures the influence of (a) additional bottom-up guidance when the target served as the size singleton, relative to when the distractor served as the size singleton (i.e., size singleton effect) and (b) top-down processes during target detection (i.e., target detection effect; target present vs. absent trials). We found that the size singleton effect (i.e., increased bottom-up guidance) was associated with RT components related to decision and nondecision processes, but these effects did not vary with age. Also, a modularity analysis revealed that frontoparietal module connectivity was important for both the size singleton and target detection effects, but this module became central to the networks through different mechanisms for each effect. Lastly, participants 42 years of age and older, in service of the target detection effect, relied more on between-frontoparietal module connections. Our results further elucidate mechanisms through which frontoparietal regions support attentional control and how these mechanisms vary in relation to adult age.
Graphical abstract
http://ift.tt/2pX963h
Critical stress and thermal activation of crystal plasticity in polyethylene: Influence of crystal microstructure and chain topology
Publication date: 2 June 2017
Source:Polymer, Volume 118
Author(s): Bijin Xiong, Olivier Lame, Jean-Marc Chenal, Yongfeng Men, Roland Seguela, Gerard Vigier
The influence of microstructure and temperature on the initiation of yield stress and strain of high-density polyethylene are examined using a set of linear and branched polyethylenes. The polymers were crystallized in different ways in order to get samples covering the range of crystallinity 0.5 ≤ Xc ≤ 0.8 and crystallite thickness 8 nm ≤ Lc ≤ 29 nm. In contrast to the conventional macroscopic yield strain and stress, the initiation strain εyi and stress σyi were estimated from the macroscopic stress-strain curves at the onset of local plasticity as judged from in situ WAXS experiments upon tensile deformation. Phenomenological linear relation was observed between σyi crystallinity at each draw temperature Td. The dislocation model was applied to check the correlation between σyi and crystal thickness. In order to also account for the chain topology, namely the concentration of stress transmitters ST, a modified Eyring's approach was proposed. This modelling provides a good prediction the σyi dependence on Lc and ST in the context of thermally activated rate processes. Finally, anelastic stress gauge, σccr, was determined from local strain measurements in crystals at the same local strain as for σyi. This critical elastic stress at initiation of crystal plasticity displayed a good correlation with σyi at high crystallinity. However, σccr was found to deviate from σyi with increasing Td particularly at low Xc values. This finding was attributed to the activation of the crystalline mechanical relation that involves a significant drop of σyi with increasing Td in the crystalline lamellae under shear yielding whereas it does not affect the theoretical σccr elastic stress.
Graphical abstract
http://ift.tt/2pbJeU5
Genetic testing: The diagnostic power of RNA-seq
Nature Reviews Genetics. doi:10.1038/nrg.2017.39
Author: Katharine H. Wrighton
http://ift.tt/2pS1r7R
The X chromosome in space
Nature Reviews Genetics. doi:10.1038/nrg.2017.17
Authors: Teddy Jégu, Eric Aeby & Jeannie T. Lee
http://ift.tt/2pS58dP
The origin of Metazoa: a unicellular perspective
Nature Reviews Genetics. doi:10.1038/nrg.2017.21
Authors: Arnau Sebé-Pedrós, Bernard M. Degnan & Iñaki Ruiz-Trillo
http://ift.tt/2pRRHdV
Comparative transcriptomics in human and mouse
Nature Reviews Genetics. doi:10.1038/nrg.2017.19
Authors: Alessandra Breschi, Thomas R. Gingeras & Roderic Guigó
http://ift.tt/2pRUT9j
Κυριακή 7 Μαΐου 2017
Dietary Guidelines for Vitamin D : A vitamin D intake requirement of 14 µg/day would maintain 97.5% of 25(OH)D >50 nmol/L.
Anapafseos 5 . Agios Nikolaos
Crete.Greece.72100
2841026182
Endocrine Emergencies : 1. THYROID STORM, 2. MYXEDEMA COMA, 3. DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, 4. ACUTE ADRENAL CRISIS
Anapafseos 5 . Agios Nikolaos
Crete.Greece.72100
2841026182
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) : Dyspnea and cough
Anapafseos 5 . Agios Nikolaos
Crete.Greece.72100
2841026182
Efficacy Comparison Study of Combination Regimens to Treat Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Intervention: Drug: Capecitabine plus cisplatin(XP) versus capecitabine plus paclitaxel(XT)
Sponsor: Samsung Medical Center
Recruiting - verified April 2017
http://ift.tt/2qfSFSv
Reductive solidification/stabilization of chromate in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash by ascorbic acid and blast furnace slag
Publication date: September 2017
Source:Chemosphere, Volume 182
Author(s): Xian Zhou, Min Zhou, Xian Wu, Yi Han, Junjun Geng, Teng Wang, Sha Wan, Haobo Hou
Fly ash is a hazardous byproduct of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI). Cementitious material that is based on ground-granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) has been tested and proposed as a binder to stabilize Pb, Cd, and Zn in MSWI fly ash (FA). Cr, however, still easily leaches from MSWI FA.Different reagents, such as ascorbic acid (VC), NaAlO2, and trisodium salt nonahydrate, were investigated as potential Cr stabilizers. The results of the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) showed that VC significantly improved the stabilization of Cr via the reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III). VC, however, could interfere with the hydration process. Most available Cr was transformed into stable Cr forms at the optimum VC content of 2 wt%. Cr leaching was strongly pH dependent and could be represented by a quintic polynomial model. The results of X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive analysis revealed that hollow spheres in raw FA were partially filled with hydration products, resulting in the dense and homogeneous microstructure of the solidified samples. The crystal structures of C–S–H and ettringite retained Zn and Cr ions. In summary, GGBFS-based cementitious material with the low addition of 2 wt% VC effectively immobilizes Cr-bearing MSWI FA.
Graphical abstract
http://ift.tt/2qfONkC
Comparative transcriptomics in human and mouse
Next-generation sequencing technologies have enabled the comprehensive characterization of human and mouse genomes, including at the transcriptional level. This article reviews the degree of conservation of human and mouse transcriptomes, along with the challenges of identifying when the mouse is a suitable model of human physiology.
http://ift.tt/2qR49sE
The X chromosome in space
Three-dimensional genome organization can shape gene expression by facilitating interactions between regulatory elements. The authors review the process of X-chromosome inactivation with a focus on chromatin organization and subnuclear localization of the active and inactive X chromosomes, as well as the potential roles of long non-coding RNAs.
http://ift.tt/2qfRsuD
The origin of Metazoa: a unicellular perspective
Multicellular organisms rely on a complex interplay between diverse cell types, but how multicellularity evolved from unicellular ancestors has long been a debated research question. In this Review, the authors describe how comparative and functional genomics have provided valuable insights into the transition between unicellularity and multicellularity, including how various molecular networks have been adopted for multicellular life.
http://ift.tt/2qR0ye2
The role of free kappa and lambda light chains in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory diseases
Publication date: July 2017
Source:Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 91
Author(s): Mojgan Esparvarinha, Hamid Nickho, Hamed Mohammadi, Leili Aghebati-Maleki, Jalal Abdolalizadeh, Jafar Majidi
Kappa (κ) or lambda (λ) free light chains (FLCs) are produced from B cells during immunoglobulin synthesis. FLCs have been shown to participate in several key processes of immune responses. They are necessary to adjust PMN functions and assist PMN pre-stimulation. Moreover, they cause mast cell degranulation which releases pro-inflammatory mediators and stimulates local inflammatory responses in some conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Having low molecular weights which may straightly be toxic to proximal tubule cells (PTCs), FLCs can also have an important role in renal diseases. In this review we have highlighted the involvement of light chains in the pathogenesis of some inflammatory diseases and discussed their potential to be the targets of therapeutic purposes.
http://ift.tt/2qR7V4I
Can you spell dyslexia without SLI? Comparing the cognitive profiles of dyslexia and specific language impairment and their roles in learning
Source:Research in Developmental Disabilities, Volume 65
Author(s): Tracy Packiam Alloway, Furtuna Tewolde, Dakota Skipper, David Hijar
The aim of the present study is to explore whether those with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) and dyslexia display distinct or overlapping cognitive profiles with respect to learning outcomes. In particular, we were interested in two key cognitive skills associated with academic performance – working memory and IQ. We recruited three groups of children – those with SLI, those with dyslexia, and a control group. All children were given standardized tests of working memory, IQ (vocabulary and matrix), spelling, and math. The pattern of results suggests that both children with dyslexia and SLI are characterized with poorer verbal working memory and IQ compared to controls, but preserved nonverbal cognitive skills. It appears that that these two disorder groups cannot be distinguished by the severity of their cognitive deficits. However, there was a differential pattern with respect to learning outcomes, where the children with dyslexia rely more on visual skills in spelling, while those with SLI use their relative strengths in vocabulary. These findings can have important implications for how intervention is tailored in the classroom, as disorder-specific support could yield important gains in learning.
http://ift.tt/2qR5wqI
Social inclusion of individuals with intellectual disabilities in the military
Source:Research in Developmental Disabilities, Volume 65
Author(s): Shirli Werner, Yael Hochman
BackgroundDespite policies advocating the social inclusion of persons with disabilities in all settings that are a part of everyday life within society, individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) are usually excluded from service in the military.AimsThis study examined the meaning of service in the military for individuals with ID from the perspective of various stakeholder groups.Methods and proceduresSemi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 31 individuals with ID, 36 relatives, and 28 commanders. The recent model for social inclusion developed by Simplican et al. (2015) served as the basis for analyses.Outcomes and resultsFindings suggest a successful social inclusion process for individuals with ID, which resulted in them feeling as an integral part and as contributing members of the military unit and of society at large. Social inclusion in the military was described with reference to two overlapping and interacting domains of interpersonal relationships and community participation.Conclusions and implicationsThe interaction between interpersonal relationships within the military and community participation has led to positive outcomes for soldiers with ID. Recommendations are provided for the continued inclusion of individuals with ID in the military and in other everyday settings.
http://ift.tt/2paThsI
Systematic Review: Early Verses Late Dangling after Free Flap Reconstruction of the Lower Limb
Dangling regimes after free flap surgery to the lower limb vary between centres and clinicians. There is currently no accepted gold standard. This review examines the evidence for early versus late post-operative dangling after free flap reconstruction of the lower limb. The secondary aim is to evaluate the regimes used.
http://ift.tt/2paQdfV
Association Between the Time to Surgery and Survival Among Patients With Colon Cancer: A Population-Based Study
Publication date: Available online 6 May 2017
Source:European Journal of Surgical Oncology (EJSO)
Author(s): Jennifer A. Flemming, Sulaiman Nanji, Xuejiao Wei, Colleen Webber, Patti Groome, Christopher M. Booth
Factors associated with time-to-surgery (TTS) and survival in colon cancer has not been well studied. Cancer Care Ontario recommends surgery within 42 days of diagnosis and that 90% of patients meet this benchmark. We describe factors associated with TTS and survival in routine clinical practice. Methods: Retrospective population-based cohort study of patients receiving elective colonic resection after diagnosis of colon cancer in Ontario, Canada from 2002-2008 followed until 2012. Factors associated with TTS were identified using multivariate log-binomial and Quantile regression at 42 days and 90th percentiles. The association between TTS and cancer-specific (CSS) and overall survival (OS) were examined using multivariate Cox regression. Results: 4,326 patients; median age 71 years and 52% male. Median TTS was 24 days (IQR 14-37); at the 90th percentile 56 days. Factors associated with TTS ≥ 42 days and > 90th percentile included older age, co-morbid illness, surgeon volume, and stage I disease (P < 0.05 for all). In patients whose TTS was either at 42 days or 90th percentile, those ≥ 80 years old waited two weeks longer than those < 60 years, individuals with co-morbid illness waited 10 days longer than without co-morbidity, and patients with stage I disease waited 10 days longer than those with stage IV disease (P < 0.05 for all). Delay in TTS > 42 days or > 90th percentile was not associated with OS or CSS. Conclusion: Age, co-morbidity, and stage of cancer are associated with TTS. There was no association between TTS and CSS or OS.
http://ift.tt/2poLIdN
Mitochondrial Determinants of Cancer Health Disparities
Source:Seminars in Cancer Biology
Author(s): Aaheli Roy Choudhury, Keshav K. Singh
Mitochondria are involved in the generation of energy, cell growth and differentiation, cellular signaling, cell cycle control, and cell death. To date, the mitochondrial basis of cancer disparities is unknown. The goal of this review is to provide an understanding and a framework of mitochondrial determinants that may contribute to cancer disparities in racially different populations.Mitochondria, which are multi-functional, have been implicated in the initiation and progression of cancers in relation to metabolic alterations in transformed cells. Due to ethnic-based diversity, the mitochondrial genome (mtDNA) could be a basis for inherited racial disparities and for acquired somatic mutations during tumorigenesis. In African Americans, several germline, population-specific haplotype variants in mtDNA as well as depletion of mtDNA have been linked to cancer predisposition and cancer disparities. Indeed, depletion of mtDNA and mutations in mtDNA or nuclear genome (nDNA)-encoded mitochondrial proteins lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and promote resistance to apoptosis, the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and metastatic disease, which in turn can contribute to cancer disparity and tumor aggressiveness related to racial disparities. Ethnic differences at the level of expression or genetic variations in nDNA encoding the mitochondrial proteome, including mitochondria-localized mtDNA replication and repair proteins, miRNA, transcription factors, kinases and phosphatases, and tumor suppressors and oncogenes may underlie susceptibility to high-risk and aggressive cancers found in African Americans and other ethnicities.The mitochondrial retrograde signaling that alters the expression profile of nuclear genes in response to dysfunctional mitochondria is a mechanism for tumorigenesis. In ethnic populations, differences in mitochondrial function may alter the cross talk between mitochondria and the nucleus at epigenetic and genetic levels, which can also contribute to cancer health disparities. Targeting mitochondrial determinants and mitochondrial retrograde signaling could provide a promising strategy for the development of selective anticancer therapy for dealing with cancer disparities. Further, agents that restore mitochondrial function to optimal levels should permit sensitivity to anticancer agents for the treatment of aggressive tumors that occur in racially diverse populations and hence help in reducing racial disparities.
http://ift.tt/2pUc7DB
A reply to Pigatto, Ronchi & Guzzi’s commentary
Source:Cortex
Author(s): Sarah Mackenzie Ross
http://ift.tt/2pVdX51
Effect of self-curing activators and curing protocols on adhesive properties of universal adhesives bonded to dual-cured composites
Source:Dental Materials
Author(s): Mario Felipe Gutiérrez, Elisama Sutil, Pâmela Malaquias, Thalita de Paris Matos, Lucas Marques de Souza, Alessandra Reis, Jorge Perdigão, Alessandro D. Loguercio
ObjectivesTo measure microshear bond strength (μSBS) and nanoleakage (NL) of self-etch universal adhesives under core buildup restorations using different curing protocols, at 24h and after 6-month water storage.MethodsMiddle dentin of 55 molars was divided into: Clearfil Universal Bond [CFU], Prime&Bond Elect [PBE], and One Coat 7 Universal [OCU]. All-Bond Universal [ABU] and Clearfil SE Bond [CSE] were used as control. CFU, PBE and OCU were: light-cured [LC], dual-cured [DC] and self-cured [SC]. Data were analyzed separately (two-way ANOVA), Tukey's test (α=0.05).ResultsμSBS: At 24h OCU/LC resulted in statistically higher μSBS than ABU. CSE/DC showed statistically higher μSBS than all DC adhesives. PBE/LC resulted in significant lower μSBS than the respective DC/SC modes (p<0.001). At 6-month, both CFU and PBE (LC/SC), resulted in a significant decrease in μSBS. μSBS for OCU/DC decreased significantly (p<0.001) compared to the respective LC/SC modes. NL: At 24h, ABU showed %NL similar to CBU/LC and OCU/LC (p>0.05). CSE/DC resulted in significantly higher %NL than OCU/DC but significantly lower than PBE/DC. CFU/LC/SC resulted in significantly lower %NL than CFU/DC. PBE/SC resulted in significant lower %NL than PBE/LC and PBE/DC. OCU/LC and OCU/DC resulted in significant lower %NL than OCU/SC (p<0.001). At 6-month ABU, CSE, CFU/LC and CFU/SC, resulted in a significant increase in %NL.SignificanceSelf-cured activator and different curing protocols influenced μSBS and NL of self-etch universal adhesives, but this influence was material-dependent.
http://ift.tt/2pVeweW
A randomized cross-over study of the effects of macronutrient composition and meal frequency on GLP-1, ghrelin and energy expenditure in humans
Publication date: Available online 6 May 2017
Source:Peptides
Author(s): Simon Ingves, Nathalie Vilhelmsson, Edvin Ström, Mats Fredrikson, Hans Guldbrand, Fredrik H. Nystrom
ObjectiveLittle is known about human postprandial increase of energy expenditure and satiety-associated hormones in relation to both meal frequency and macronutrient composition.DesignRandomized cross-over study with four conditions for each participant.MethodsSeven men and seven women (mean age 23±1.5years) were randomly assigned to the order of intake of a 750kcal drink with the same protein content while having either 20 energy-percent (E%) or 55 E% from carbohydrates and the remaining energy from fat. Participants were also randomized to consume the drinks as one large beverage or as five 150kcal portions every 30minutes, starting in the fasting state in the morning. Energy expenditure (EE) was determined every 30minutes by indirect calorimetry. Hormonal responses and suppression of hunger (by visual-analogue scales) were also studied. A p<0.013 was considered statistically significant following Bonferroni-correction.ResultsThe area under the curve (AUC) for EE was higher during the 2.5hours after the high-carbohydrate drinks (p=0.005 by Wilcoxon) and also after ingesting one drink compared with five (p=0.004). AUC for serum active GLP-1 was higher after single drinks compared with five beverages (p=0.002). Although GLP-1 levels remained particularly high at the end of the test during the low-carbohydrate meals, the AUC did not differ compared with the high-carbohydrate occasions (low-carbohydrate: 58.9±18pg/ml/h, high-carbohydrate: 45.2±16pg/ml/h, p=0.028). Hunger sensations were suppressed more after single beverages compared with five small drinks (p=0.009).ConclusionsWe found higher EE during 2.5hours following one large drink compared with five smaller beverages. Since hunger was also suppressed more efficiently, and serum GLP-1 levels were higher after one compared with five smaller drinks, our findings do not support nibbling to avoid hunger or to keep up EE from morning to noon.
http://ift.tt/2pQcYo2
Lesson Learned with the Use of Iliac Branch Devices: Single Centre 10 Year Experience in 157 Consecutive Procedures
Publication date: Available online 7 May 2017
Source:European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery
Author(s): G. Simonte, G. Parlani, L. Farchioni, G. Isernia, E. Cieri, M. Lenti, P. Cao, F. Verzini
Objective/BackgroundAbsence of an adequate iliac seal rarely represents an absolute contraindication to endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Iliac branch devices (IBD) are increasingly used in patients with extensive aorto-iliac aneurysmal disease, but few data are available on the long-term results of these procedures.MethodsBetween 2006 and 2016, 157 consecutive IBD procedures performed at a single centre were entered into a prospective database. Indications included unilateral or bilateral common iliac artery aneurysms combined or not with abdominal aortic aneurysms. Long-term results were reported according to the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsDuring the study period 149 patients were treated with an iliac branched endograft. Isolated IBD was implanted in 17.8% of the cases; technical success rate was 97.5%. Peri-operative procedure failure occurred in seven patients, four during surgery and three within 30 days of the procedure. Presence of ipsilateral hypogastric aneurysm (p = .031; Exp [B] = 6.72) and intervention performed during the initial study period (p = .006; Exp [B] = 10.40) were predictive of early failure on multivariate analysis. After a mean follow-up of 44.2 months actuarial freedom from IBD related re-intervention was 97.4%, 95.6%, 94.0%, and 91.8% at 1, 3, 5, and 9 years, respectively. Hypogastric artery patency was 94.7%, 92.6%, and 90.4% at 1, 3, and 10 years, respectively. Presence of a hypogastric aneurysm was an independent predictor of target artery occlusion during follow-up on multivariate analysis (p = .007; Exp [B] = 5.93).ConclusionIliac branched endografting can now be performed with a high technical success rate; long-term freedom from re-intervention is comparable with patients treated with standard aortic endografting. IBD should be considered a first-option treatment in patients with adequate vascular anatomy unsuitable for standard endovascular aortic repair.
http://ift.tt/2pTZMir
Vertebral Penetration of an Inferior Vena Cava Filter
Publication date: Available online 7 May 2017
Source:European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery
Author(s): S. Regus, W. Lang
http://ift.tt/2pVjmZU
Using a Surgical PSA-Threshold (> 0.2 ng/mL) to Define Biochemical Failure in the ASCENDE-RT Phase 3 Trial
Publication date: May–June 2017
Source:Brachytherapy, Volume 16, Issue 3, Supplement
Author(s): William J. Morris, Mira Keyes, Tom Pickles
http://ift.tt/2pjHcMW
Patterns of Care and Impact of Brachytherapy Boost Utilization for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Base of Tongue in a Large, National Cohort
Source:Brachytherapy, Volume 16, Issue 3, Supplement
Author(s): Anna Lee, Babak Givi, Elizabeth Garay, Kwang N. Choi, David Schwartz, David Schreiber
http://ift.tt/2qG9iqr
Commissioning of Post-Treatment PET-Based Dosimetry Software for Hepatic Radioembolization with Yttrium-90 Microspheres
Publication date: May–June 2017
Source:Brachytherapy, Volume 16, Issue 3, Supplement
Author(s): Nichole M. Maughan, Jose Garcia-Ramirez, Matt Arpidone, Amy Swallen, Richard Laforest, S. Murty Goddu, Parag J. Parikh, Jacqueline E. Zoberi
http://ift.tt/2pjKEHe
Masthead
Publication date: May–June 2017
Source:Brachytherapy, Volume 16, Issue 3, Supplement
http://ift.tt/2qG40uO
Lack of Benefit Associated with External Beam Radiotherapy in Addition to Brachytherapy for Intermediate- to High-Risk Prostate Cancer
Publication date: May–June 2017
Source:Brachytherapy, Volume 16, Issue 3, Supplement
Author(s): Vinayak Muralidhar, Peter F. Orio, Paul L. Nguyen, Ivan Buzurovic, Neil E. Martin, Phillip M. Devlin, Martin T. King
http://ift.tt/2pjGMGo
Integrating Direction Modulated Brachytherapy (DMBT) Tandem Applicator into a Brachytherapy TPS
Source:Brachytherapy, Volume 16, Issue 3, Supplement
Author(s): Yunzhi Ma, Habib Safigholi, Songye Cui, William Y. Song, Luc Beaulieu
http://ift.tt/2qG81zu
Table of Contents
Publication date: May–June 2017
Source:Brachytherapy, Volume 16, Issue 3, Supplement
http://ift.tt/2pjZZYx
Treatment Planning Using the TG-43 Hybrid Technique for HDR Non-Invasive Breast Brachytherapy Applicators
Publication date: May–June 2017
Source:Brachytherapy, Volume 16, Issue 3, Supplement
Author(s): Adam D. Bastien, Ileana N. Iftimia, Per H. Halvorsen, Mark J. Rivard
http://ift.tt/2qGlhV0
Editorial Board
Publication date: May–June 2017
Source:Brachytherapy, Volume 16, Issue 3, Supplement
http://ift.tt/2pjW6mk
Pre-Treatment MRI Staging Predicts for Biochemical Failure in High-Risk Prostate Cancer Treated with Combination High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy and External Beam Radiotherapy
Publication date: May–June 2017
Source:Brachytherapy, Volume 16, Issue 3, Supplement
Author(s): John V. Hegde, D. Jeffrey Demanes, Darlene Veruttipong, Jagdeep Raince, Sang-June Park, Mitchell Kamrava
http://ift.tt/2qGa4Uf
Prostate HDR Monotherapy: Initial Efficacy Results from a Randomized Trial of One versus Two Fractions
Publication date: May–June 2017
Source:Brachytherapy, Volume 16, Issue 3, Supplement
Author(s): Gerard Morton, Hans Chung, Merrylee McGuffin, Ananth Ravi, Stanley Liu, Eric Tseng, Liying Zhang, Andrew Loblaw
http://ift.tt/2pjQWa5
Listing of Plenary, Oral and Poster Presentations of the Abstracts of the 2017 American Brachytherapy Society Annual Meeting April 20–22, 2017
Publication date: May–June 2017
Source:Brachytherapy, Volume 16, Issue 3, Supplement
http://ift.tt/2qFXSTj
Commissioning and Clinical Use of the CivaSheet, a Novel Shielded Pd103 Array
Publication date: May–June 2017
Source:Brachytherapy, Volume 16, Issue 3, Supplement
Author(s): Karen Episcopia, Gil'ad N. Cohen, Christopher Crane, Amandeep S. Taggar, Abraham J. Wu, Antonio L. Damato
http://ift.tt/2pjV4Xx
Retrospective Evaluation of Prostate Cancer Treatment Plan Quality Obtained from Intermediate Energy Sources for High Dose Rate Brachytherapy
Publication date: May–June 2017
Source:Brachytherapy, Volume 16, Issue 3, Supplement
Author(s): Gabriel Famulari, John J. Munro, Shirin Abbasinejad Enger
http://ift.tt/2qGpZBT
Image Based Brachytherapy with MRI-Based Planning in the Treatment of Cervical Cancer: A Single Institution Outcome Analysis of 220 Patients
Source:Brachytherapy, Volume 16, Issue 3, Supplement
Author(s): Scott Glaser, Ronny Kalash, Hayeon Kim, Houser Christopher, Michelle Boisen, John Comerci, Paniti Sukumvanich, Alexander Olawaiye, Joseph Kelley, Robert Edwards, Madeleine Courtney-Brooks, Jessica Berger, Sarah Taylor, Sushil Beriwal
http://ift.tt/2pjKCPC
A Novel Delivery System for High Dose Rate Intensity Modulated Brachytherapy with Intermediate Energy Brachytherapy Radiation Sources Such as 169Yb
Publication date: May–June 2017
Source:Brachytherapy, Volume 16, Issue 3, Supplement
Author(s): Gabriel Famulari, Shirin Abbasinejad Enger
http://ift.tt/2pjQYyB
Preliminary Clinical Study in Open MRI-Guided 125I Seed Implantation for Treatment of Brain Tumor
Publication date: May–June 2017
Source:Brachytherapy, Volume 16, Issue 3, Supplement
Author(s): Chengli Li
http://ift.tt/2qGpYhj
Is There a Role of Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy Including High Dose Rate Image-Based Brachytherapy in Locally Advanced Type II Endometrial Cancer Clinically Extending to Cervix ± Parametria?
Publication date: May–June 2017
Source:Brachytherapy, Volume 16, Issue 3, Supplement
Author(s): Uzoma K. Iheagwara, Danielle Burton, John A. Vargo, Michelle M. Boisen, John T. Comerci, HaYeon Kim, Christopher J. Houser, Paniti Sukumvanich, Alexander B. Olawaiye, Joseph L. Kelley, Robert P. Edwards, Madeleine Courtney-Brooks, Jessica L. Berger, Sarah E. Taylor, Sushil Beriwal
http://ift.tt/2pjVb5p
Clinical Outcomes Using Image Guided Interstitial Brachytherapy for Definitive Cervical Cancer Patients with High Risk Clinical Target Volumes Greater Than 30 cc
Publication date: May–June 2017
Source:Brachytherapy, Volume 16, Issue 3, Supplement
Author(s): Chenyang Wang, Jagdeep Raince, Sang-June Park, Shane Mesko, Jeffrey Demanes, Mitchell Kamrava
http://ift.tt/2qFScsG
Increasing Age Predicts Poor Cervical Cancer Prognosis with Subsequent Effect on Treatment and Overall Survival
Publication date: May–June 2017
Source:Brachytherapy, Volume 16, Issue 3, Supplement
Author(s): Bridget A. Quinn, Xiaoyan Deng, Adrianne Colton, Dipankar Bandyopadhyay, Jori Carter, Emma Fields
http://ift.tt/2pjVa1l
Influence of mucinous and necrotic tissue in colorectal cancer samples on KRAS mutation analysis
Publication date: Available online 6 May 2017
Source:Pathology - Research and Practice
Author(s): Juliane Büttner, Annika Lehmann, Frederick Klauschen, Michael Hummel, Dido Lenze, Manfred Dietel, Korinna Jöhrens
Evaluation of the RAS mutation status is necessary for patients with advanced colorectal cancer to predict the response to anti-EGFR therapy. In routine diagnostics, FFPE tissue samples are tested by sequencing (amplicon-based NGS and Sanger) to obtain the RAS status of the patient. Samples that are collected after chemotherapy occasionally contain necrotic tissue. Furthermore, colorectal cancer tissue sometimes has mucinous components. This may pose a challenge to molecular analysis because mucinous tumor samples often contain only few tumor cells compared to solid tumor samples. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore if mucin or necrosis affect mutation analysis and if mucinous tumor samples contain enough tumor cells for reliable mutation detection. To this end, we analyzed KRAS status in 10 samples showing mucin production and 10 samples with necrosis. In all 20 samples the tissue areas with the highest amount of mucin or necrosis were used for re-evaluation. These results show no differences with those obtained during routine diagnostics, where analysis of mucinous or necrotic areas was tried to avoid. Our study thus shows that mucin and necrosis have no influence on KRAS mutation analysis. Furthermore we were able to demonstrate that mucinous adenocarcinoma contains enough tumor cells for a valid mutation analysis. In addition, we also observed only minor differences in KRAS status results when comparing Sanger sequencing with NGS. Both methods detected the KRAS mutation in 19 of 20 tested samples, even for mutated samples with low allele-frequencies.
http://ift.tt/2pa7eXC
CPEB4 immunohistochemical expression is associated to prognosis in stage IV colorectal carcinoma
Publication date: Available online 6 May 2017
Source:Pathology - Research and Practice
Author(s): D. Cortés-Guiral, C. Pastor-Iodate, C. Díaz del Arco, L. del Puerto-Nevado, M.J. Fernández-Aceñero
The cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 4 (CPEB4) is a RNA binding protein and translational regulator. It has been associated with tumor growth, vascularization and invasion and with tumor progression in breast, pancreas and lung carcinomas. To the best of our knowledge only one previous report has analyzed the prognostic value of CPEB4 in an experimental model of colorectal carcinoma. We have reviewed the files of patients with stage IV colorectal carcinoma metastatic to the liver. All the patients had received chemotherapy followed by hepatic metastasis resection and subsequent resection of the colon (liver-first approach). We have gathered demographic, analytical and morphological data of the primary tumors. We have performed immunohistochemical analysis of CPEB4 expression in these tumors and analyzed the potential prognostic value of this protein. 50 patients fulfilled inclusion criteria for the present study. All of them received preoperative chemotherapy based on platinum and also postoperative chemotherapy, with or without targeted drugs (18% received anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) drugs and 24% anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) drugs. 66% of the primaries were of sigmoid-rectal origin. CPEB4 expression was mainly cytoplasmic and it was scored as intense in 46% of the patients. Survival analysis revealed a significant association between progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) and CPEB4 immunohistochemical expression, which was independent in the multivariate analysis.CPEB4 behaves as a significant predictor of prognosis in stage IV colorectal carcinoma. The existence of CPEB4 specific inhibitors can open a new way for targeted therapy. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm our promising results.
http://ift.tt/2pUOEjm
Clinical significance of endothelial cell marker CD34 and mast cell marker CD117 in prostate adenocarcinoma
Publication date: Available online 6 May 2017
Source:Pathology - Research and Practice
Author(s): Mozhdeh Foroozan, Raheleh Roudi, Maryam Abolhasani, Elmira Gheytanchi, Mitra Mehrazma
Prostate cancer is the second cause of cancer-related deaths in men and this is attributed to its aggressiveness and metastatic identity. Our objective was to evaluate the expression patterns of endothelial cell marker CD34 and mast cell marker CD117 in prostate adenocarcinoma (PCa) compared to benign prostate tissue and their relation to the clinicopathological features. A total of 90 prostate samples, including 45 PCa and 45 benign prostate tissues were immunohistochemically examined for the detection of CD34 and CD117 markers. The expression of these markers was also correlated with clinicopathological parameters. Significant overexpression of CD34 was found in PCa group compared to benign prostate tissues (P≤0.001). The expression of CD34 and CD117 in PCa with advanced Gleason score was more than PCa with early Gleason score (P=0.02 and P=0.005, respectively). A significant positive correlation was observed between CD34 expression and the level of total serum prostate specific antigen (sPSA) (P=0.006). In addition, CD34High/CD117High phenotype was frequently observed in PCa cases compared to benign prostate tissues (P≤0.001). There was a positive significant association between CD34High/CD117High phenotype with advanced Gleason score (P≤0.001) and total sPSA level (P=0.02). Our findings showed that increased expression of CD34 and CD117 markers confer tumor progression and aggressiveness on PCa. These molecules may be good candidates for targeted therapy of PCa patients.
http://ift.tt/2p9W98V
Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma with “adamantinoma-like” features: a case report and review of literature
Publication date: Available online 6 May 2017
Source:Pathology - Research and Practice
Author(s): M. Gambarotti, A. Righi, T. Frisoni, D. Donati, D. Vanel, M. Sbaraglia, A.P. Dei Tos
Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma is defined by the presence of a low grade malignant cartilaginous component juxtaposed to a high grade malignant non-cartilaginous sarcomatous components. Only 4 cases in which the high grade component showed epithelial differentiation have been reported in the literature; three featured a squamous and the one a glandular epithelial component. Here we describe a case of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma exhibiting epithelial "adamantinoma-like" basaloid features. The patient underwent wide resection of the proximal tibia and post-operative chemotherapy and died 8 months after the diagnosis due to lung and bone metastases.
http://ift.tt/2pUZHcc
In vivo confocal Raman microscopic determination of depth profiles of the stratum corneum lipid organization influenced by application of various oils
Publication date: Available online 6 May 2017
Source:Journal of Dermatological Science
Author(s): ChunSik Choe, Johannes Schleusener, Jürgen Lademann, Maxim E. Darvin
BackgroundThe intercellular lipids (ICL) of stratum corneum (SC) play an important role in maintaining the skin barrier function. The lateral and lamellar packing order of ICL in SC is not homogenous, but rather depth-dependent.ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze the influence of the topically applied mineral-derived (paraffin and petrolatum) and plant-derived (almond oil and jojoba oil) oils on the depth-dependent ICL profile ordering of the SC in vivo.MethodConfocal Raman microscopy (CRM), a unique tool to analyze the depth profile of the ICL structure non-invasively, is employed to investigate the interaction between oils and human SC in vivo.ResultsThe results show that the response of SC to oils' permeation varies in the depths. All oils remain in the upper layers of the SC (0–20% of SC thickness) and show predominated differences of ICL ordering from intact skin. In these depths, skin treated with plant-derived oils shows more disordered lateral and lamellar packing order of ICL than intact skin (p<0.05). In the intermediate layers of SC (30–50% of SC thickness), the oils do not influence the lateral packing order of SC ICL (p>0.1), except plant-derived oils at the depth 30% of SC thickness. In the deeper layers of the SC (60–100% of SC thickness), no difference between ICL lateral packing order of the oil-treated and intact skin can be observed, except that at the depths of 70–90% of the SC thickness, where slight changes with more disorder states are measured for plant-derived oil treated skin (p<0.1), which could be explained by the penetration of free fatty acid fractions in the deep-located SC areas.ConclusionBoth oil types remain in the superficial layers of the SC (0–20% of the SC thickness). Skin treated with mineral- and plant-derived oils shows significantly higher disordered lateral and lamellar packing order of ICL in these layers of the SC compared to intact skin. Plant-derived oils significantly changed the ICL ordering in the depths of 30% and 70–90% of the SC thickness, which is likely due to the penetration of free fatty acids in the deeper layers of the SC.
http://ift.tt/2qP59h0
Aggressive scripts, violent fantasy and violent behavior: A conceptual clarification and review
Source:Aggression and Violent Behavior
Author(s): Flora Gilbert, Michael Daffern
Aggressive scripts are stereotyped aggression-related event sequences typically acquired in early childhood, encoded in memory, rehearsed and elaborated, and then retrieved to guide aggressive behavior. In studies using non clinical and non offender populations, aggressive script rehearsal is commonly reported. Extant research suggests a tendency for aggressive script rehearsal to be activated by perceived personal affronts and constitutes imagined attempts to rebuke wrongdoing by others. Aggressive script rehearsal serves to prepare or rehearse intended acts or stimulate, maintain or regulate emotional or physiological arousal. Despite obvious relevance to violent offender assessment and treatment, research into aggressive script rehearsal is scarce and related terms such as violent fantasy are used interchangeably to describe comparable cognitive processes. Measures designed to assess aggressive scripts and violent fantasy are confounded. Further, few attempts have been made to define and differentiate the terms and there has been little progress in developing treatment procedures addressing these cognitive processes. The current review explores how aggressive scripts and violent fantasy are conceptualised with respect to their key characteristics and proposed acquisition processes and functions, noting commonalities and differences. Their relationship to violent behavior is described. Drawing on knowledge in related areas, including fantasy is likely to assist with the development of insight into the operation and function of aggressive scripts and their relationship to aggressive behavior, with implications for clinical practice.
http://ift.tt/2p9PStT
Enhanced detection sensitivity of carcinoembryonic antigen on a plasmonic nanoimmunosensor by transmission grating-based total internal reflection scattering microscopy
Source:Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Volume 96
Author(s): Sujin Ahn, Hyunung Yu, Seong Ho Kang
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a glycoprotein associated with colorectal carcinomas and is commonly used as a clinical tumor marker. Enhanced detection sensitivity for the assay of CEA molecules was achieved on a plasmonic nanoimmunosensor by wavelength-dependent transmission grating (TG)-based total internal reflection scattering microscopy (TIRSM). The plasmonic nanoparticles were placed in an evanescent field layer on a glass nanoimmunosensor that produced evanescent wave scattering by the total internal reflection of light from two lasers. The light scattered by target protein (CEA)-bound 20-nm silver nanoparticles (plasmonic nanoprobes) was collected and spectrally isolated in first-order spectral images (n=+1) by a TG (70 grooves/mm). The combination of evanescent wave scattering and TG significantly enhanced the detection sensitivity and selectivity due to the minimized spectroscopic interference and background noise. The TG-TIRSM method detected the CEA molecules at concentrations down to 19.75zM with a wide linear dynamic range of 19.75zM-39.50nM (correlation coefficient, R=0.9903), which was 45 to 1.25×109 times lower than the detection limits and 2×105 to 2×1011 times wider than the dynamic ranges of previous assay methods. In particular, by simply changing the antibody of the target molecule, this technique can be used to detect various disease-related protein biomarkers directly in human biological samples at the single-molecule level.
http://ift.tt/2pUL2y1
Metal carbonyl-gold nanoparticle conjugates for highly sensitive SERS detection of organophosphorus pesticides
Source:Biosensors and Bioelectronics, Volume 96
Author(s): Mein Jin Tan, Zi-Yao Hong, Mei-Hua Chang, Chih-Chen Liu, Hwei-Fang Cheng, Xian Jun Loh, Ching-Hsiang Chen, Chia-Ding Liao, Kien Voon Kong
The binding of organometallic osmium carbonyl clusters onto the surface of gold nanoparticles (10OsCO-Au NPs) greatly enhanced the CO stretching vibration signal at ~2100cm−1, which is relatively free from interference due to the absorbance of biomolecules. By utilizing the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) mediated hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine to thiocholine where the activity of AChE is inhibited by the presence of organophosphate pesticides (OPPs), the subsequent thiocholine-induced aggregation of 10OsCO-Au NPs can be monitored by the change in color of the NPs solution and the variation in intensity of the SERS CO signal. The change in color offers a fast pre-screening method, whereas monitoring via SERS is used for greater accuracy and lower limit of detection (0.1 ppb) for quantitative detection. Its potential as a quick and accurate method of OPPs monitoring in consumer products was demonstrated in the detection of OPPs in real spiked samples such as beer.
http://ift.tt/2pTyI37
Differences in the imaging features and distribution of non-indolent and indolent mastocytosis: a single institution experience of 29 patients
Publication date: Available online 6 May 2017
Source:Clinical Imaging
Author(s): Yan Epelboym, Abhishek R. Keraliya, Sree Harsha Tirumani, Jason L. Hornick, Nikhil H. Ramaiya, Atul B. Shinagare
PurposeCompare imaging features of indolent and non-indolent mastocytosis.MethodsFor 29 patients, imaging features, imaging indications, and distribution of indolent and non-indolent mastocytosis subtypes were analyzed.Results16/29 (55%) patients had three distinct patterns of osseous abnormality, not significantly differing between cohorts. Non-indolent disease was more likely to present with hepatomegaly (p=0.0004), splenomegaly (p=0.0097), and lymphadenopathy (p=0.0079). CT, was the most common initial imaging modality, ordered to stage disease in 20 of 29 patients (69%).ConclusionUnderstanding patterns of involvement of indolent and nonindolent mastocytosis across modalities could assist radiologists in evaluating mastocytosis.
http://ift.tt/2pjvwtj
Human Body May Produce Bacteria
Source:Medical Hypotheses
Author(s): Alen J. Salerian
The central thesis of this study is "Human body may produce bacteria". which proposes that not all infectious disorders are caused by invading foreign cells and some are caused by bacteria produced by human body.The following observations are consistent with this hypothesis:A. Bidirectional transformations of both living and nonliving things have been commonly observed in nature.B. Complex multicellular organisms harbor the necessary properties to produce bacteria (water, nitrogen and oxygen).C. Physical laws suggest any previously observed phenomenon or action will occur again (life began on earth; a non living thing).D. Animal muscle cells may generate energy (fermentation).E. Sterilized food products (i.e. boiled eggs), may produce bacteria and fungus under special conditions and without any exposure to foreign living cells." Human body may produce bacteria" may challenge the current medical paradigm that views human infectious disorders as the exclusive causative byproducts of invading foreign cells. It may also introduce new avenues to treat infectious disorders.
http://ift.tt/2qPSmdc
Withaferin A Inhibits Prostate Carcinogenesis in a PTEN-deficient Mouse Model of Prostate Cancer
Publication date: June 2017
Source:Neoplasia, Volume 19, Issue 6
Author(s): Jim Moselhy, Suman Suman, Mohammed Alghamdi, Balaji Chandarasekharan, Trinath P Das, Alatassi Houda, Murali Ankem, Chendil Damodaran
We recently demonstrated that AKT activation plays a role in prostate cancer progression and inhibits the pro-apoptotic function of FOXO3a and Par-4. AKT inhibition and Par-4 induction suppressed prostate cancer progression in preclinical models. Here, we investigate the chemopreventive effect of the phytonutrient Withaferin A (WA) on AKT-driven prostate tumorigenesis in a Pten conditional knockout (Pten-KO) mouse model of prostate cancer. Oral WA treatment was carried out at two different doses (3 and 5 mg/kg) and compared to vehicle over 45 weeks. Oral administration of WA for 45 weeks effectively inhibited primary tumor growth in comparison to vehicle controls. Pathological analysis showed the complete absence of metastatic lesions in organs from WA-treated mice, whereas discrete metastasis to the lungs was observed in control tumors. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the down-regulation of pAKT expression and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition markers, such as β-catenin and N-cadherin, in WA-treated tumors in comparison to controls. This result corroborates our previous findings from both cell culture and xenograft models of prostate cancer. Our findings demonstrate that the daily administration of a phytonutrient that targets AKT activation provides a safe and effective treatment for prostate cancer in a mouse model with strong potential for translation to human disease.
http://ift.tt/2qdmof3
Enhanced air dispersion modelling at a typical Chinese nuclear power plant site: Coupling RIMPUFF with two advanced diagnostic wind models
Source:Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, Volumes 175–176
Author(s): Yun Liu, Hong Li, Sida Sun, Sheng Fang
An enhanced air dispersion modelling scheme is proposed to cope with the building layout and complex terrain of a typical Chinese nuclear power plant (NPP) site. In this modelling, the California Meteorological Model (CALMET) and the Stationary Wind Fit and Turbulence (SWIFT) are coupled with the Risø Mesoscale PUFF model (RIMPUFF) for refined wind field calculation. The near-field diffusion coefficient correction scheme of the Atmospheric Relative Concentrations in the Building Wakes Computer Code (ARCON96) is adopted to characterize dispersion in building arrays. The proposed method is evaluated by a wind tunnel experiment that replicates the typical Chinese NPP site. For both wind speed/direction and air concentration, the enhanced modelling predictions agree well with the observations. The fraction of the predictions within a factor of 2 and 5 of observations exceeds 55% and 82% respectively in the building area and the complex terrain area. This demonstrates the feasibility of the new enhanced modelling for typical Chinese NPP sites.
http://ift.tt/2qFInLc
An evaluation of the TREC assay with regard to the integration of SCID screening into the Dutch newborn screening program
Source:Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Maartje Blom, Ingrid Pico-Knijnenburg, Marja Sijne-van Veen, Anita Boelen, Robbert Bredius, Mirjam van der Burg, Peter Schielen
Newborn screening of severe combined immunodeficiency through the detection of T-cell receptor excision circles will provide the opportunity of treating before the occurrence of life-threatening infections. With the EnLite Neonatal TREC assay (PerkinElmer) and end-point PCR, 39 samples (3.0%) of 1295 heel prick cards of the Dutch newborn screening program required a retest after initial analysis. After retest, 21 samples (1.62%) gave TREC levels below cut-off. A significant reduction in TREC levels was observed in heel prick cards stored for three months (n=33) and one year (n=33). Preterm newborns (n=155) showed significantly lower TREC levels and a higher retest-rate than full-term newborns. Peripheral blood spots of 22 confirmed SCID patients and 17 primary immunodeficiency patients showed undetectable or low TREC-levels. These findings suggest that the EnLite Neonatal TREC assay is a suitable method for SCID-screening in the Netherlands, thereby providing guidance in the decisions concerning implementation into the Dutch program.
http://ift.tt/2qEY8SK
Recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTI) in the elderly: A late onset mild immunodeficiency?
Source:Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Esther van de Vosse, Monique M. van Ostaijen-ten Dam, René Vermaire, Els M. Verhard, Jacqueline L. Waaijer, Jaap A. Bakker, Sandra T. Bernards, Hermann Eibel, Maarten J. van Tol, Jaap T. van Dissel, Margje H. Haverkamp
Elderly with late-onset recurrent respiratory tract infections (RRTI) often have specific anti-polysaccharide antibody deficiency (SPAD). We hypothesized that late-onset RRTI is caused by mild immunodeficiencies, such as SPAD, that remain hidden through adult life. We analyzed seventeen elderly RRTI patients and matched controls. We determined lymphocyte subsets, expression of BAFF receptors, serum immunoglobulins, complement pathways, Pneumovax-23 vaccination response and genetic variations in BAFFR and MBL2. Twelve patients (71%) and ten controls (59%) had SPAD. IgA was lower in patients than in controls, but other parameters did not differ. However, a high percentage of both patients (53%) and controls (65%) were MBL deficient, much more than in the general population. Often, MBL2 secretor genotypes did not match functional deficiency, suggesting that functional MBL deficiency can be an acquired condition. In conclusion, we found SPAD and MBL deficiency in many elderly, and conjecture that at least the latter arises with age.
http://ift.tt/2pj3nmo
Adaptive release of heparin from anticoagulant hydrogels triggered by different blood coagulation factors
Source:Biomaterials, Volume 135
Author(s): Manfred F. Maitz, Jan Zitzmann, Jasmin Hanke, Claudia Renneberg, Mikhail V. Tsurkan, Claudia Sperling, Uwe Freudenberg, Carsten Werner
Feedback-controlled anticoagulant hydrogels were formed by crosslinking the anticoagulant heparin with star-shaped poly(ethylene glycol) using peptide linkers, which are selectively cleaved by different activated blood coagulation factors acting as proteolytic enzymes. Various cleavable peptide units, differing either in their thrombin turnover rates or in their responsiveness to factors activated earlier in the course of blood coagulation, were used for the formation of the biohybrid materials. Release triggered by the early coagulation factors Xa (FXa) or FXIIa/kallikrein was shown to enhance the efficiency of the released anticoagulant. Furthermore, FXa-cleavable gels enabled a faster release of heparin, which was attributed to the lower affinity of the factor for heparin. Combining early and fast responses, FXa-cleavable gels were shown to provide anticoagulant protection of biomaterial surfaces at low levels of released heparin in human whole-blood incubation experiments. The results demonstrate the potential for employing biomolecular circuits in the design of functional biomaterials to tailor the adaptive delivery of bioactive molecules.
http://ift.tt/2plkC7x
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Ειδοποίηση Μελετητή:[ ωτα ] [HTML] Gender, identity and material: Film screening C Brand - 2017 ftypM4V *M4V M4A mp42isom*a┌moovlmvhd...
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Publication date: September 2017 Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Volume 110 Author(s): Lucía Fernández-del-Río, Anish Nag, Elen...
