Energy recovery from wastewater treatment plants through sludge anaerobic digestion: effect of low-organic-content sludge

Abstract

During anaerobic digestion, low-organic-content sludge sometimes is used as feedstock, resulting in deteriorated digestion performance. The operational experience of conventional anaerobic digestion cannot be applied to this situation. To investigate the feature of low-organic-content sludge digestion and explain its intrinsic mechanism, batch experiments were conducted using designed feedstock having volatile solids (VS) contents that were 30–64% of total solids (TS). The results showed that the accumulative biogas yield declined proportionally from 173.7 to 64.8 ml/g VS added and organic removal rate decreased from 34.8 to 11.8% with decreasing VS/TS in the substrate. The oligotrophic environment resulting from low-organic-content substrates led to decreased microbial activity and a switch from butyric fermentation to propionic fermentation. A first-order model described the biogas production from the batch experiments very well, and the degradation coefficient decreased from 0.159 to 0.069 day⁻¹, exhibiting a positive relation with organic content in substrate. The results observed here corroborated with data from published literature on anaerobic digestion of low-organic-content sludge and showed that it may not be feasible to recover energy from sludge with an organic content lower than 50% through mono digestion.

http://ift.tt/2xf3OFt

Released fraction of polychlorinated biphenyls from soil–biosolid system using a leaching procedure and its comparison with bioavailable fraction determined by wheat plant uptake

Abstract

The bioavailability of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in soils amended with biosolids was estimated using an aqueous leaching process of the compounds combined with rotating disk sorptive extraction (RDSE), and compared with bioavailability determined through of PCB absorption in wheat plants growing in the same soil–biosolid matrix. The matrices consisted of soil amended with biosolids at doses of 30, 90, and 200 Mg/ha, which increase concomitantly the organic matter content of the matrix. Considering that PCBs were natively absent in both the biosolids and soil used, the compounds were spiked in the biosolids and aged for 10 days. For each biosolid dose, the aqueous leaching profile was studied and equilibrium time was calculated to be 33 h. The leaching fractions determined by RDSE, considering total PCBs studied, were 12, 7, and 6% and the bioavailable fractions absorbed by the wheat root were found to be 0.5, 0.3, and 0.2% for 30, 90, and 200 Mg/ha doses, respectively. Both fractions leachable and bioavailable decrease with both increasing hydrophobicity of the compound (Kow) and increasing in the biosolid dose. It was found that both fractions (leaching and bioavailable) correlated according to the bivariate least squares regression, represented by a coefficient of correlation of 0.86. Therefore, the application of the chemical method involving a leaching procedure is an alternative to estimate the bioavailable fraction of PCBs in wheat plants in a simpler and in a shorter time.

http://ift.tt/2xf17nz

Development: Transcriptomic blueprints

http://ift.tt/2fdrlAj

Competition for electrons between pyridine and quinoline during their simultaneous biodegradation

Abstract

Biodegradation of pyridine and quinoline is initiated with mono-oxygenation reactions that require an intracellular electron donor. Simultaneous biodegradation of both substrates should set up competition for the intracellular electron donor that may inhibit one or more of the mono-oxygenation steps. An internal circulation baffled biofilm reactor (ICBBR) was used to evaluate the impacts of competition during pyridine and quinoline biodegradation. Compared with independent biodegradation, pyridine and quinoline removal rates were slowed when biodegraded simultaneously, although the pyridine removal rate decreased more than for quinoline. The first mono-oxygenation of quinoline (to 2-hydroxyquinoline) always was faster than the first mono-oxygenation of pyridine (to 2-hydroxypyridine), and the difference was accentuated with pyridine and quinoline which were biodegraded simultaneously due to the competition for intracellular electron donor. Competition also existed between the second mono-oxygenations, and the removal rate of 2-hydroxypyridine was faster than the rate for 2-hydroxyquinoline, even though the rate was faster for quinoline than pyridine. Adding an exogenous electron donor accelerated all mono-oxygenations in proportion to the amount of donor added, but the increments were greater for quinoline due to its higher affinity for intracellular electron donors than pyridine. When actual coking wastewater was used as the background matrix, removals of pyridine and quinoline exhibited the same competitive trends.

http://ift.tt/2hbmdtG

Fine particle matters induce DNA damage and G2/M cell cycle arrest in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells

Abstract

There is compelling evidence that exposure to particulate matter (PM) is linked to lung tumorigenesis. However, there is not enough experimental evidence to support the specific mechanisms of PM_2.5-induced DNA damage and cell cycle arrest in lung tumorigenesis. In this study, we investigated the toxic effects and molecular mechanisms of PM_2.5 on bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells. PM_2.5 exposure reduced cell viability and enhanced LDH activity. The cell growth curves of BEAS-2B cells decreased gradually with the increase in PM_2.5 dosage. A significant increase in MDA content and a decrease in GSH-Px activity were observed. The generation of ROS was enhanced obviously, while apoptosis increased in BEAS-2B cells exposed to PM_2.5 for 24 h. DNA damage was found to be more severe in the exposed groups compared with the control. For in-depth study, we have demonstrated that PM_2.5 stimulated the activation of HER2/ErbB2 while significantly upregulating the expression of Ras/GADPH, p-BRAF/BRAF, p-MEK/MEK, p-ERK/ERK, and c-Myc/GADPH in a dose-dependent manner. In summary, we suggested that exposure to PM_2.5 sustained the activation of HER2/ErbB2, which in turn promoted the activation of the Ras/Raf/MAPK pathway and the expression of the downstream target c-Myc. The overexpression of c-Myc may lead to G2/M arrest and aggravate the DNA damage and apoptosis in BEAS-2B after exposure to PM_2.5.

http://ift.tt/2h9qRvC

Report from the first European Dermato-Epidemiology Network forum

Summary

The first European Dermato-Epidemiology Network (EDEN) forum was held on 30–31 March 2017 in Madrid, Spain. Dermatoepidemiology describes the study of causes, prevention, health services research and evaluation of interventions of skin diseases. EDEN aims to promote high-quality research, share expertise and facilitate collaboration. These aims were achieved during the EDEN forum by including a preconference course on skin cancer epidemiology; having excellent world-leading guest speakers on causality, quality of care, pharmacoepidemiology and missing data analysis; and including delegates who presented and discussed innovative research findings. The meeting brought together delegates from 11 different countries. We welcome everyone with an interest in clinical research and epidemiology related to skin disease to attend next year's meeting in March 2018 in Berlin.

http://ift.tt/2xekgpn

Food avoidance and restriction in adults: a cross-sectional pilot study comparing patients from an immunology clinic to a general practice

Abstract

Background

With the introduction of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual – fifth edition, there is an increased need to understand the prevalence and pattern of food avoidance and restriction in adults. High rates of food allergy and intolerance in immunology clinic populations, and subsequent high rates of elimination diets, place these individuals at a greater risk of developing pathological eating behaviours. This descriptive cross sectional pilot study aims to provide preliminary data on the prevalence and nature of food avoidance and restriction in an adult population, and to explore the reasons for this behaviour.

Method

A self-administered questionnaire was designed and distributed to adults presenting to an immunology clinic and a general practice over the course of 6 months to describe the prevalence and nature of avoidant and restrictive eating behaviours in this population. Pearson's chi square test was used to examine the strength of a potential link to a formal diagnosis of avoidant restrictive food intake disorder in these patients.

Results

A total of 102 completed questionnaires were used for data analysis. Food avoidance or restriction was detected in 81 respondents (79%), with rates not significantly higher in the immunology clinic group compared to the general practice group (p = .242). Food allergy and intolerance were the most common reasons for disturbed eating patterns. Life impact secondary to food avoidance and restriction was reported by 26% of respondents, with significantly higher rates observed in the immunology clinic cohort compared to the general practice (p = .011).

Conclusions

Eating disturbances similar to those characteristic of ARFID are very common in adults. Food avoidance and restriction due to perceived food allergy and intolerance are significant reasons for such disordered eating patterns, particularly in an immunology clinic population. Further investigation is needed to determine if such eating behaviours are pathological and whether they qualify for a diagnosis of ARFID.

http://ift.tt/2jChR3h

Scholar : International Journal of Oncology - Volume:51 Number:4

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TABLE OF CONTENTS October-2017 Volume 51 Issue 4

Connexin 43 in the development and progression of breast cancer: What's the connection? (Review) Stephanie L. Phillips, Carly Bess Williams, Joelle N. Zambrano, Christina J. Williams, Elizabeth S. Yeh View Abstract ❯

Trophic and neurotrophic factors in human pituitary adenomas (Review) Marialuisa Spoletini, Samanta Taurone, Mario Tombolini, Antonio Minni, Giancarlo Altissimi, Venceslao Wierzbicki, Felice Giangaspero, Pier Paolo Parnigotto, Marco Artico, Lia Bardella, Enzo Agostinelli, Francesco Saverio Pastore View Abstract ❯

Rho GTPases as therapeutic targets in cancer (Review) G. A. Cardama, N. Gonzalez, J. Maggio, P. Lorenzano Menna, D. E. Gomez View Abstract ❯

Phospho-valproic acid inhibits pancreatic cancer growth in mice: enhanced efficacy by its formulation in poly-(L)-lactic acid-poly(ethylene glycol) nanoparticles George Mattheolabakis, Ruixue Wang, Basil Rigas, Gerardo G. Mackenzie View Abstract ❯

FoxM1 overexpression promotes cell proliferation and migration and inhibits apoptosis in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma resulting in poor clinical prognosis Yan Chen, Yifei Liu, Haosheng Ni, Chuanjin Ding, Xiaobo Zhang, Zhenxin Zhang View Abstract ❯

YAP signaling in gastric cancer-derived mesenchymal stem cells is critical for its promoting role in cancer progression Zhaoji Pan, Yiqing Tian, Bin Zhang, Xu Zhang, Hui Shi, Zhaofeng Liang, Peipei Wu, Rong Li, Benshuai You, Lunyu Yang, Fei Mao, Hui Qian, Wenrong Xu View Abstract ❯

Prediction of radiosensitive patients with gastric cancer by developing gene signature Jin Zhou, Xiaoyu Wu, Gang Li, Xin Gao, Min Zhai, Weichang Chen, Huagang Hu, Zaixiang Tang View Abstract ❯

Nano Let‑7b sensitization of eliminating esophageal cancer stem‑like cells is dependent on blockade of Wnt activation of symmetric division Yamei Pang, Jian Liu, Xiang Li, Yiwen Zhang, Boxiang Zhang, Jing Zhang, Ning Du, Chongwen Xu, Rui Liang, Hong Ren, Shou-Ching Tang, Xin Sun View Abstract ❯

Gold-chrysophanol nanoparticles suppress human prostate cancer progression through inactivating AKT expression and inducing apoptosis and ROS generation in vitro and in vivo Li Lu, Ke Li, Yun-Hua Mao, Hu Qu, Bing Yao, Wen-Wen Zhong, Bo Ma, Zhong-Yang Wang View Abstract ❯

SERP1 is a novel marker of poor prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients via anti-apoptosis and regulating SRPRB/NF-κB axis Qiang Ma, Xiuxiu Wu, Jing Wu, Zhiyong Liang, Tonghua Liu View Abstract ❯

TUG1 promotes osteosarcoma tumorigenesis by upregulating EZH2 expression via miR-144-3p Jiaqing Cao, Xinyou Han, Xin Qi, Xiangyun Jin, Xiaolin Li View Abstract ❯

Effect of low- and high-linear energy transfer radiation on in vitro and orthotopic in vivo models of osteosarcoma by activation of caspase-3 and -9 Eun Ho Kim, Mi-Sook Kim, Kyung-Hee Lee, Sei Sai, Youn Kyoung Jeong, Jae-Soo Koh, Chang-Bae Kong View Abstract ❯

Expression of Wnt3a in hepatocellular carcinoma and its effects on cell cycle and metastasis Caijie Lu, Yifeng He, Juan Duan, Yongguang Yang, Chunqiang Zhong, Jian Zhang, Weiguo Liao, Xiaojie Huang, Runzhi Zhu, Mingyi Li View Abstract ❯

Disrupting mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis causes tumor-selective TRAIL sensitization through mitochondrial network abnormalities Yohei Ohshima, Natsuhiko Takata, Miki Suzuki-Karasaki, Yukihiro Yoshida, Yasuaki Tokuhashi, Yoshihiro Suzuki-Karasaki View Abstract ❯

Cx32 suppresses extrinsic apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells via the NF‑κB signalling pathway Yongchang Lai, Lixia Fan, Yifan Zhao, Hui Ge, Xue Feng, Qin Wang, Xiaomin Zhang, Yuexia Peng, Xiyan Wang, Liang Tao View Abstract ❯

Luteolin induces apoptotic cell death via antioxidant activity in human colon cancer cells Kyoung Ah Kang, Mei Jing Piao, Yea Seong Ryu, Yu Jae Hyun, Jeong Eon Park, Kristina Shilnikova, Ao Xuan Zhen, Hee Kyoung Kang, Young Sang Koh, Yong Joo Jeong, Jin Won Hyun View Abstract ❯

Expression of carbonic anhydrase IX is associated with poor prognosis through regulation of the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma Satoshi Hyuga, Hiroshi Wada, Hidetoshi Eguchi, Toru Otsuru, Yoshifumi Iwgami, Daisaku Yamada, Takehiro Noda, Tadafumi Asaoka, Koichi Kawamoto, Kunihito Gotoh, Yutaka Takeda, Masahiro Tanemura, Koji Umeshita, Yuichiro Doki, Masaki Mori View Abstract ❯

GPER promotes tamoxifen-resistance in ER+ breast cancer cells by reduced Bim proteins through MAPK/Erk-TRIM2 signaling axis Heng Yin, Qing Zhu, Manran Liu, Gang Tu, Qing Li, Jie Yuan, Siyang Wen, Guanglun Yang View Abstract ❯

Establishment of two ovarian cancer orthotopic xenograft mouse models for in vivo imaging: A comparative study Jing Guo, Jing Cai, Yunxia Zhang, Yapei Zhu, Ping Yang, Zehua Wang View Abstract ❯

Activation of the ROCK1/MMP-9 pathway is associated with the invasion and poor prognosis in papillary thyroid carcinoma Dingyuan Luo, Haibo Chen, Xiaojuan Li, Penghui Lu, Miaoyun Long, Xinzhi Peng, Shaojian Lin, Langping Tan, Yue Zhu, Nengtai Ouyang, Honghao Li View Abstract ❯

Silibinin suppresses bladder cancer cell malignancy and chemoresistance in an NF-κB signal-dependent and signal-independent manner Yi Sun, Zhenfeng Guan, Wencai Zhao, Yazhuo Jiang, Qing Li, Yongyi Cheng, Yonggang Xu View Abstract ❯

Measuring the response of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to irradiation in a microfluidic model allowing customized therapy Ramsah Cheah, Rishi Srivastava, Nicholas D. Stafford, Andrew W. Beavis, Victoria Green, John Greenman View Abstract ❯

Novel crosstalk between KLF4 and ZEB1 regulates gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Zhiyi Wang, Yuan Chen, Yanliang Lin, Xinxing Wang, Xianping Cui, Zhenhai Zhang, Guozhe Xian, Chengkun Qin View Abstract ❯

Melatonin potentiates the antitumor effect of curcumin by inhibiting IKKβ/NF-κB/COX-2 signaling pathway Sandeep Shrestha, Jiabin Zhu, Qi Wang, Xiaohui Du, Fen Liu, Jianing Jiang, Jing Song, Jinshan Xing, Dongdong Sun, Qingjuan Hou, Yulin Peng, Jun Zhao, Xiuzhen Sun, Xishuang Song View Abstract ❯

Identification of WISP1 as a novel oncogene in glioblastoma Di Jing, Qian Zhang, Haiming Yu, Yajie Zhao, Liangfang Shen View Abstract ❯

PRL-3 improves colorectal cancer cell proliferation and invasion through IL-8 mediated glycolysis metabolism Heyang Xu, Yujie Zeng, Lu Liu, Qian Gao, Shaowen Jin, Qiusheng Lan, Wei Lai, Xingxi Luo, Heng Wu, Yongliang Huang, Zhonghua Chu View Abstract ❯

Identification of novel genetic etiology and key molecular pathways for seminoma via network-based studies Yuanlei Chen, Chao Qi, Liqun Xia, Gonghui Li View Abstract ❯

Synergistic inhibitory effects on hepatocellular carcinoma with recombinant human adenovirus Aspp2 and oxaliplatin via p53-independent pathway in vitro and in vivo Xiaoni Liu, Jianji Xu, Shuang Wang, Xiaoxiao Yu, Boxin Kou, Mengyin Chai, Yunjin Zang, Dexi Chen View Abstract ❯

Expression of periostin in breast cancer cells Katarzyna Ratajczak-Wielgomas, Jedrzej Grzegrzolka, Aleksandra Piotrowska, Rafal Matkowski, Andrzej Wojnar, Janusz Rys, Maciej Ugorski, Piotr Dziegiel View Abstract ❯

Anoctamin5 regulates cell migration and invasion in thyroid cancer Zhengyan Chang, Chunmiao Cai, Dongyan Han, Yaohui Gao, Qianyu Li, Lijin Feng, Wei Zhang, Jiayi Zheng, Jiaoying Jin, Huizhen Zhang, Qing Wei View Abstract ❯

Cooperative oncogenic effect and cell signaling crosstalk of co‑occurring HER2 and mutant PIK3CA in mammary epithelial cells Lun Dong, Fanyan Meng, Ling Wu, Allison V. Mitchell, C. James Block, Bin Zhang, Douglas B. Craig, Hyejeong Jang, Wei Chen, Qifeng Yang, Guojun Wu View Abstract ❯

Ginkgetin induces G2-phase arrest in HCT116 colon cancer cells through the modulation of b‑Myb and miRNA34a expression Yu-Jin Lee, Yeong-Rim Kang, So Young Lee, Yena Jin, Dong Cho Han, Byoung-Mog Kwon View Abstract ❯

APPL1 promotes the migration of gastric cancer cells by regulating Akt2 phosphorylation Yingxun Liu, Chunli Zhang, Lingyu Zhao, Ning Du, Ni Hou, Tusheng Song, Chen Huang View Abstract ❯

5-7 October, 2017, Metropolitan Hotel, Athens, Greece 22nd World Congress on Advances in Oncology & 20th International Symposium on Molecular Medicine 3-4 October 2017, Pre-Congress Workshop: 'Next-Generation Sequencing – Library construction and quality control'

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Investigation of cis - trans isomer dependent dermatotoxicokinetics of UV filter ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate through stratum corneum in vivo

Abstract

2-Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC) is one of the most used ultraviolet filters in personal care products. It undergoes cis/trans isomerization in sunlight, and there is limited toxicological understanding of the effects of the cis-isomer. It is known that two geometric isomers of one compound can have different physico-chemical properties and effects. However, there are no studies focusing on toxicokinetics of EHMC isomerization products to compare their potential difference in dermal exposure to cis-EHMC and trans-EHMC due to the difference in their dermatotoxicokinetics. In this study, dermal absorption of the parental trans-EHMC and its cis isomer was studied. A commercially available sunscreen lotion containing trans-EHMC and spiked with laboratory-prepared cis-EHMC was locally applied on the forearm skin of two volunteers. After 8 h of skin exposure, the stratum corneum (SC) layer was removed by tape stripping. The removed thickness of the SC was determined spectrophotometrically using a total protein assay. The concentration of both isomers in the removed SC was measured by HPLC-DAD. A new diffusion and permeability coefficient of both EHMC isomers in SC were determined by Fick's second law of diffusion in vivo. The difference in dermatotoxicokinetic parameters between the two isomers was not statistically significant. However, separate toxicological studies of isomeric forms and the determination of their dermatotoxicokinetic parameters are crucial for refinement of human risk assessment.

http://ift.tt/2ft70nR

Synthesis, pharmacological activities and molecular docking studies of pyrazolyltriazoles as anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory agents

Publication date: Available online 15 September 2017
Source:Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
Author(s): Cherupally Dayakar, Buddana Sudheer Kumar, Galande Sneha, Gudem Sagarika, Koneru Meghana, Sistla Ramakrishna, Reddy Shetty Prakasham, Bhimapaka China Raju
A series of novel pyrazolyl alcohols (5a-h), pyrazolyl azides (6a-h), and pyrazolyltriazoles (8a-h, 10a-p and 12a-l) were prepared and evaluated for their bioactivity (anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory) profile. The compound 5c displayed the potent anti-bacterial activity against Micrococcus luteus (MIC 3.9 and MBC 7.81µg/mL). In vitro anti-inflammatory activity data denoted that compound 8b is effective among the tested compounds against IL-6 (IC50 6.23μM). Docking analysis of compounds 5f, 8a-b, 8e-f and 8h displayed high binding energies for the compounds 8a-b and 8h towards TNF-α dimer (2AZ5 protein) and IL-6 (1ALU protein). In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of compounds 8b and 8h with respect to LPS induced mice model indicated that compound 8h showed significant reduction in TNF-α.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2xr22l2

Tapered US carbon emissions during good times: what’s old, what’s new?

Abstract

In light of a slow buildup in CO₂ emissions since the recovery, this paper revisits the relationship between CO₂ emissions and the US economy using a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model, in which the determinants are identified through an expanded real business cycle model. We find convincing evidence that CO₂ emissions decline more rapidly during recessions than increase during expansions over the long run. Of all determinants considered, long-run asymmetry is fostered once vehicle miles traveled is controlled. This calls for a greater attention to public transportation development and vehicle miles traveled tax for slowing down stock buildup of CO₂ emissions during good times.

http://ift.tt/2haGmA8

Study on the sediment characteristics of the snow in a typical residential community and its integrated biological treatment pattern in Harbin

Abstract

Winter cities have severe shortages of water resources. The effective classification and recycling of urban water resources that are available here are therefore significant for the sustainable utilization of water in winter cities, and snow is a potential water resource. In this research, the water quality of the snow and the pollutant composition in the vehicle roads of a typical residential community of Harbin are analyzed. It is concluded that there is a large amount of suspended substances, including chemical oxygen demand (COD), salt, ammonia, and oil in this snow. There are 27 main pollutants. The oily substances are dominated by hexadecane and are accompanied by toxic substances, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene (BTEX), and naphthalene. As snow is a carrier of pollutants, the underground space of the urban shallow green belt is proposed to be used to establish a snow-melting system that would integrate biological treatment devices. This method allows the year-round collection, storage, and utilization of rainwater for use in city planning and municipal technology, realizing multiple objectives and having a significant influence on further urban development.

http://ift.tt/2h8dprZ

The online measured black carbon aerosol and source orientations in the Nam Co region, Tibet

Abstract

Equivalent black carbon (eBC) mass concentrations were measured by an aethalometer (AE-31) in the Nam Co, central Tibet from 2010 to 2014. Different from previous filter-sampling studies (Ming et al., J Environ Sci 22(11):1748–1756, 2010; Zhao et al., Environ Sci Pollut Res 20:5827–5838, 2013), the first high-resolution online eBC measurement conducted in central Tibet is reported here, allowing to discuss the diurnal variations as well as seasonal variabilities of eBC. Average daily eBC concentration was 74 ± 50 ng/m³, reflecting a global background level. Meteorological conditions influenced eBC concentrations largely at seasonal scale, which are higher in February–May but lower in June–January. The highest eBC concentrations (greater than 210 ng/m³) were more associated with the W and WSW winds smaller than 6 m/s. The diurnal variations of eBC showed plateaus from 10:00 to 15:00 with seasonal variations, associated with local anthropogenic activities, such as indigenous Tibetan burning animal waste and tourism traffic. The PBLHs showed a co-variance with eBC concentrations, implicating close sources. The aerosol optical depths derived from the MODIS data over the Nam Co Observatory Station (NCOS)-included sub-area (30° N–40° N, 90° E–100° E) showed significant relationship with eBC concentrations. This suggests that nearby or short-distance sources other than long-distance transported pollutants could be important contributors to eBC concentrations at the NCOS, different from the conclusions suggested by previous studies.

http://ift.tt/2ha7pLI

Removal of arsenic III and V from laboratory solutions and contaminated groundwater by metallurgical slag through anion-induced precipitation.

Abstract

Metallurgical slag was used for the simultaneous removal of high concentrations of arsenite and arsenate from laboratory solutions and severely contaminated groundwater. Apart from demonstrating the high efficiency of arsenic removal in presence of competing species, the work aims to explore the physicochemical mechanisms of the process by means of microscopy observation and a detailed statistical analysis of existing kinetic and isotherm equations. Fitting was performed by non-linear least squares using weighted residuals; ANOVA and bootstrap methods were used to compare the models. Literature suggests that the metal oxides in the slag are efficient adsorbents of As(III) and (V). However, the low surface area of the slag precludes adsorption; SEM observation provide evidence of a mechanism of co-precipitation of lixiviated cations with contaminant anions. The reaction kinetics provide essential information on the interaction between the contaminants, particularly on the common ion effect in groundwater. The Fritz-Schlünder isotherm allows modelling the saturation effect at low slag doses. The efficiency of the process is demonstrated by an arsenic removal of 99% in groundwater using 4-g slag/L, resulting in an effluent with 0.01 mg As/L, which is below Mexican and international standards for drinking water.

http://ift.tt/2xIrUdi

Periodontal screening and referral behaviour of general dental practitioners in Flanders

Abstract

Objectives

The objective of this study was to investigate the screening and referral behaviour of Flemish dentists concerning periodontitis and more specific, the use of the Dutch Periodontal Screening Index (DPSI).

Materials and methods

An online questionnaire was electronically distributed through the different professional dental societies. It consisted of two parts: the first aimed at describing the profile of the dentist. The second part inquired the screening method, when this was applied, periodontal risk factors and referral behaviour.

Results

One thousand fifty dentists attended to the questionnaire. One hundred fifty-nine questionnaires were excluded since they did not match the target audience. Sixty-four percent of Flemish dentists used DPSI as a periodontal screening method, 28% screened based on probing pocket depth, 4% used solely radiographs and 4% had no screening method at all. The usage of DPSI is influenced by the year of graduation: the longer the dentists were graduated, the less they used DPSI. No influence of sex, education centre and location was found. Referral behaviour is influenced by different patient- and dentist-related factors.

Conclusions

Regarding the screening behaviour, there seems a consensus among Flemish dentists that a periodontal probe should be used. For referral, there is no consensus about if and when to refer to a specialist.

Clinical relevance

It is encouraging that 92% of the Flemish general dental practitioners use a probe when screening for periodontitis. However, DPSI is mainly used by younger dentists. An effort should be made to encourage all dentists to use this, so that in every patient, periodontitis can be detected timely, securing the best treatment outcome.

http://ift.tt/2jAEDsc

Frequency, location, and association with dental pathology of mucous retention cysts in the maxillary sinus. A radiographic study using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)

Abstract

Objectives

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the frequency, locations, and dimensions of mucous retention cysts of the maxillary sinus and analyze potential associated dental pathology.

Materials and methods

A total of 156 cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were included in the analysis, resulting in an evaluation of 310 maxillary sinuses. The presence of mucous retention cysts (MRC) manifesting as dome-shaped radiopacities in the sinus was diagnosed. Their locations were recorded, and dimensions (mm) were measured in coronal and sagittal/axial slices. The patients were grouped into (a) patients/sinuses with MRCs (test), and (b) patients/sinuses with healthy or any other changes (control) for further comparison and evaluation.

Results

There were 40 sinuses (12.9%) with a presence of a total of 56 MRCs. The mean age of involved patients was 29.0 years. The analysis showed that gender, age, sinus side, status of dentition, endodontic status, and periodontal status did not have a significant influence on the presence of MRCs when compared between test and control groups. Age and endodontic status exhibited a significant association with cyst location.

Conclusions

Most of the sinuses analyzed (79.5%) did not present any MRC, and only 28.6% of the cysts diagnosed were found on the floor of the maxillary sinus. The mean dimension of the MRCs measured 6.28 ± 2.93 mm. No influencing factors on the presence or absence of MRCs were found in the present study.

Clinical relevance

Most MRCs were not located on the floor of maxillary sinus. Future studies should assess their impact on surgical interventions in the sinus.

http://ift.tt/2wlh8t5

Isolation and identification of antifungal peptides from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens W10

Abstract

Antifungal metabolites produced by Bacillus sp. W10, which was previously isolated from the tomato rhizosphere, were investigated. Strain W10 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens by analysis of its 16S rDNA and gyrB gene partial sequences. PCR analysis showed the presence of fenB, sfp, and ituD genes, coding for fengycin, surfactin, and iturin, respectively. A novel small antifungal peptide, designated 5240, produced by this strain was isolated by ammonium sulfate precipitation and Superdex 200 gel filtration chromatography. The 5240 peptide was stable at 100 °C for 20 min and remained active throughout a wide pH range (4–10). The antagonistic activity was not affected by protease K and trypsin. The purified 5240 peptide exhibited a broad inhibitory spectrum against various plant pathogenic fungi and was identified as iturin A (C₁₄-C₁₆). Moreover, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry indicated the presence of fengycin A (C₁₄-C₁₅), fengycin B (C₁₆-C₁₇), and surfactin (C₁₃-C₁₆) isoforms in supernatants from strain W10. These results suggest that B. amyloliquefaciens W10 has significant potential as a biocontrol agent.

http://ift.tt/2jxXVOK

Development of silica protective layer on pyrite surface: a column study

Abstract

An appealing technique to prevent and/or minimize pyrite oxidation and subsequent acid generation in mine waste sites is the formation of a protective coating on the surface of sulfide grains. To investigate the conditions for the formation of an efficient coating on pyritic tailings, column tests were performed. These tests involved the treatment with a coating solution, which was continuously recycled through the packed bed of tailings. The coating solution was consisted of SiO₄⁻⁴ oxyanions, an oxidant (H₂O₂), and adjusted to pH 6. The effect of the volume of coating solution per mass of material (L/S ratio), Si concentration and treatment duration on coating formation was studied. Based on the results, a protective coating can be developed on the pyrite particles following treatment with a solution of 0.1 mM Si concentration, which resulted in the reduction of sulfate release by 84% compared to non-treated pyrite samples.

http://ift.tt/2xqiLVQ

Effects of moso bamboo ( Phyllostachys edulis ) invasions on soil nitrogen cycles depend on invasion stage and warming

Abstract

Plant invasions may alter soil nutrient cycling due to differences in physiological traits between the invader and species they displace as well as differences in responses to anthropogenic factors such as nitrogen deposition and warming. Moso bamboo is expanding its range rapidly around the world, displacing diverse forests. In addition, near expansion fronts where invasions are patchy, moso bamboo and other species each contribute soil inputs. Nitrogen transformations and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are important processes associated with nutrient availability and climate change that may be impacted by bamboo invasions. We collected soils from uninvaded, mixed, and bamboo forests to understand bamboo invasion effects on carbon and N cycling. We incubated soils with warming and N addition and measured net nitrification and N mineralization rates and GHG (CO₂ and N₂O) emissions. Mixed forest soils had higher pH and total N and lower total organic carbon and C/N than either uninvaded or bamboo forest soils. Bamboo forest soils had higher total carbon, dissolved organic carbon, and ammonium N but lower total and nitrate N than uninvaded forest soils. Soil GHG emissions did not vary among forest types at lower temperatures but bamboo forest soils had higher CO₂ and lower N₂O emissions at higher temperatures. While net N transformation rates were lower in bamboo and uninvaded forest soils, they were highest in mixed forest soils, indicating non-additive effects of bamboo invasions. This suggests that plant invasion effects on N transformations and GHG emissions with global change in forests partially invaded by bamboo are difficult to predict from only comparing uninvaded and bamboo-dominated areas.

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Flexible Planning in Ravens?

Publication date: Available online 15 September 2017
Source:Trends in Cognitive Sciences
Author(s): Jonathan Redshaw, Alex H. Taylor, Thomas Suddendorf
Across two different contexts, Kabadayi and Osvath found that ravens preferentially selected items that could be used to obtain future rewards. Do these results demand a rethink of the evolution of flexible planning, or are there leaner alternative explanations for the performance of ravens?



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Smoking cessation and response to periodontal treatment

Abstract

Smoking has detrimental oral effects. The aim of this study was to review the literature related to the impact of smoking cessation on periodontal health, periodontal disease and periodontal treatment outcome as well as to review the smoking cessation strategies and the dentist's role in the smoking cessation effort. Smoking cessation seems to have a positive effect on the periodontium, to decrease the risk for incidence and progression of periodontitis and to lead to a non-significant trend for greater mean probing depth reductions after non-surgical treatment over a 12-month period. Smoking cessation effect on the periodontium should be further investigated. Dentists should inform their patients on the harmful effect of smoking and the beneficial effect of smoking cessation on oral health. They should advise, motivate and support their patients to quit smoking. Smoking-control strategies should be incorporated in the dental practice. The dentist's role in the smoking cessation effort is important. Guidelines on smoking-control strategies applied in the dental office are required.

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A clinical, randomized study on the influence of dental whitening on Streptococcus mutans population

Summary

Dental whitening with peroxides has been popularized through the at-home technique, which employs low concentrations of peroxide applied on individual trays. However, there are few clinical trials reporting the effects of its continuous use on oral microbiota. Thus, the purpose of the present clinical, randomized study was to evaluate the influence of at-home whitening treatment on Streptococcus mutans in saliva, buccal mucosa, and subgingival and supragingival plaque. Thirty volunteers were randomly divided into 2 study groups (n=15) according to the whitening therapy: G CP- whitening using 10% carbamide peroxide 4 hours daily for 21 days and G HP- whitening using 6% hydrogen peroxide 1.5 hours daily for 21 days. Samples from the predetermined locations were collected evaluation periods: T1- before, T2- immediately after and T3- 30 days after the beginning of the treatment. The microbiological evaluation was made using conventional and molecular methods. Student′s T test found a statistically significant decrease in S. mutans population in the subgingival and supragingival plaque for HP samples between T1 and T2 no difference was found between T1 and T3 regardless of the location and the whitening product used (α=0.05). Therefore, although HP reduced Streptococcus mutans during treatment, the levels returned to baseline when assessed 30 days after the treatment.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Removal of endrin and dieldrin isomeric pesticides through stereoselective adsorption behavior on the graphene oxide-magnetic nanoparticles

Abstract

A novel stereoselective removal behavior of isomeric endrin and dieldrin pesticides from sample solution is demonstrated using nanocomposite of graphene oxide (GO) and iron oxide (Fe₃O₄) magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). The removal efficiency of endrin and dieldrin was found higher when GO-MNPs was used as a separating probe than the individual use of GO and MNPs. The removal efficiency of both the pesticides was found to be more favorable when the dosage amount of GO-MNPs was 30 mg for 30-min contact time with pH 4.0 at room temperature. The good correlation of determination (R ²) with 0.975 and 0.973 values obtained for endrin and dieldrin, respectively demonstrated a well fitting of Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The higher removal percentage (86.0%) and higher slope value of Langmuir adsorption isotherm were estimated for endrin compared to dieldrin (74.0%). The reason for higher adsorption percentage of endrin is due to the endo-position of oxygen atom in molecule favors more interaction of molecules with GO-MNPs compared to the exo-position of oxygen present in dieldrin. In addition, the higher value of R ² for endrin and dieldrin demonstrated better suitability of pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models, respectively. The advantages of the present method are use of simple UV-vis spectrophotometry for monitoring and low-cost use of GO-MNPs nanomaterial for the removal of pesticides from sample solution.

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Scholar : International Journal of Molecular Medicine - Volume:40 Number:4

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TABLE OF CONTENTS October-2017 Volume 40 Issue 4

Effect of diet and individual dietary guidance on gastrointestinal endocrine cells in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (Review) Tarek Mazzawi, Magdy El-Salhy View Abstract ❯

Histone lysine methylation and congenital heart disease: From bench to bedside (Review) Xin Yi, Xuejun Jiang, Xiaoyan Li, Ding-Sheng Jiang View Abstract ❯

Kidins220 and tumour development: Insights into a complexity of cross-talk among signalling pathways (Review) Shuo Cai, Jun Cai, Wen G. Jiang, Lin Ye View Abstract ❯

Anti-angiogenic properties of artemisinin derivatives (Review) Tianshu Wei, Ju Liu View Abstract ❯

Ubiquitin specific peptidase 4 stabilizes interferon regulatory factor protein and promotes its function to facilitate interleukin-4 expression in T helper type 2 cells Zhixiang Guo, Peng Xu, Shangqing Ge, Chengxin Zhang, Xiaoyan Zheng, Jinguo Xu, Zhuang Liu, Bin Li, Shenglin Ge View Abstract ❯

Advanced glycation end products decrease collagen I levels in fibroblasts from the vaginal wall of patients with POP via the RAGE, MAPK and NF-κB pathways Yi-Song Chen, Xiao-Juan Wang, Weiwei Feng, Ke-Qin Hua View Abstract ❯

Trichostatin A attenuates oxidative stress-mediated myocardial injury through the FoxO3a signaling pathway Yunhui Guo, Zhiping Li, Canxia Shi, Jia Li, Meng Yao, Xia Chen View Abstract ❯

The ROCK inhibitor, thiazovivin, inhibits human corneal endothelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition/epithelial‑to‑mesenchymal transition and increases ionic transporter expression Qianni Wu, Chen Ouyang, Lijie Xie, Yunzhi Ling, Ting Huang View Abstract ❯

Integrating microRNA and messenger RNA expression profiles in a rat model of deep vein thrombosis Qian-Qian Jin, Jun-Hong Sun, Qiu-Xiang Du, Xiao-Jun Lu, Xi-Yan Zhu, Hao-Liang Fan, Christian Hölscher, Ying-Yuan Wang View Abstract ❯

Particulate matter 2.5 regulates lipid synthesis and inflammatory cytokine production in human SZ95 sebocytes Qin Liu, Jianbo Wu, Jiquan Song, Pin Liang, Kaiping Zheng, Guifeng Xiao, Lanting Liu, Christos C. Zouboulis, Tiechi Lei View Abstract ❯

Functional roles of C/EBPα and SUMO‑modification in lung development Yuan-Dong Chen, Jiang-Yan Liu, Yan-Min Lu, Hai-Tao Zhu, Wei Tang, Qiu-Xia Wang, Hong-Yan Lu View Abstract ❯

miR-378 functions as an onco-miRNA by targeting the ST7L/Wnt/β-catenin pathway in cervical cancer Shengjie Li, Fengxia Yang, Meiyan Wang, Wenjun Cao, Zhen Yang View Abstract ❯

Heat shock protein 27 (HSPB1) suppresses the PDGF-BB-induced migration of osteoblasts Shingo Kainuma, Haruhiko Tokuda, Naohiro Yamamoto, Gen Kuroyanagi, Kazuhiko Fujita, Tetsu Kawabata, Go Sakai, Rie Matsushima-Nishiwaki, Osamu Kozawa, Takanobu Otsuka View Abstract ❯

Breast cancer-associated gene 3 interacts with Rac1 and augments NF-κB signaling in vitro, but has no effect on RANKL-induced bone resorption in vivo Chen Yao, Kuan-Ping Yu, William Philbrick, Ben-Hua Sun, Christine Simpson, Changqing Zhang, Karl Insogna View Abstract ❯

Mass spectrometric identification of dystrophin, the protein product of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene, in distinct muscle surface membranes Sandra Murphy, Kay Ohlendieck View Abstract ❯

Grifola frondosa polysaccharides induce breast cancer cell apoptosis via the mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathway Yizhi Zhang, Dejun Sun, Qingjin Meng, Wanxu Guo, Qiuhui Chen, Ying Zhang View Abstract ❯

Classification of cancer cell lines using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time‑of‑flight mass spectrometry and statistical analysis Vlad Serafim, Ajit Shah, Maria Puiu, Nicoleta Andreescu, Dorina Coricovac, Alexander Nosyrev, Demetrios A. Spandidos, Aristides M. Tsatsakis, Cristina Dehelean, Iulia Pinzaru View Abstract ❯

Identification of differentially expressed microRNAs in knee anterior cruciate ligament tissues surgically removed from patients with osteoarthritis Bin Li, Lunhao Bai, Peng Shen, Yue Sun, Zhizuo Chen, Yu Wen View Abstract ❯

Suppression of CUL4A attenuates TGF-β1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells Yunshan Wang, Xiaoyan Liu, Hui Zheng, Qin Wang, Li An, Guangwei Wei View Abstract ❯

Nova1 mediates resistance of rat pheochromocytoma cells to hypoxia-induced apoptosis via the Bax/Bcl-2/caspase-3 pathway Hualing Li, Bei Lv, Ling Kong, Jing Xia, Ming Zhu, Lijuan Hu, Danyang Zhen, Yifan Wu, Xiaoqin Jia, Sujuan Zhu, Hengmi Cui View Abstract ❯

Ginsenoside Rg1 protects against neuronal degeneration induced by chronic dexamethasone treatment by inhibiting NLRP-1 inflammasomes in mice Yaodong Zhang, Wen Hu, Biqiong Zhang, Yanyan Yin, Junyan Zhang, Dake Huang, Rongrong Huang, Weiping Li, Weizu Li View Abstract ❯

Osthole induces apoptosis and suppresses proliferation via the PI3K/Akt pathway in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma Xingyang Zhu, Xiaoling Song, Kun Xie, Xue Zhang, Wei He, Fubao Liu View Abstract ❯

Identification of CALM as the potential serum biomarker for predicting the recurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma using a mass spectrometry-based comparative proteomic approach Huiling Meng, Xiaodong Zhu, Ling Li, Zhongguo Liang, Xiaoyu Li, Xinbin Pan, Fanyan Zeng, Song Qu View Abstract ❯

Suppression of CIP4/Par6 attenuates TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in NRK-52E cells Ying-Chun Zhu, Ya-Kun Wang, Shou-Jun Bai, Fang-Fang Zha, Gang Feng, Cong-Pu Gao, Juan Liu View Abstract ❯

Regulated differentiation of WERI-Rb-1 cells into retinal neuron-like cells Ying Liu, Huiling Hu, Meixin Liang, Yunfan Xiong, Kang Li, Mengfei Chen, Zhigang Fan, Xielan Kuang, Fei Deng, Xiaohong Liu, Chaochao Xu, Kaijing Li, Jian Ge View Abstract ❯

Advanced glycation end products induce the apoptosis of and inflammation in mouse podocytes through CXCL9-mediated JAK2/STAT3 pathway activation Jing Yu, Hao Wu, Zi-Yu Liu, Qi Zhu, Chang Shan, Ke-Qin Zhang View Abstract ❯

Panax ginseng extract antagonizes the effect of DKK‑1-induced catagen-like changes of hair follicles Yonghee Lee, Su Na Kim, Yong Deog Hong, Byung Cheol Park, Yongjoo Na View Abstract ❯

Endothelial cell-derived exosomes protect SH-SY5Y nerve cells against ischemia/reperfusion injury Bing Xiao, Yi Chai, Shigang Lv, Minhua Ye, Miaojing Wu, Liyuan Xie, Yanghua Fan, Xingen Zhu, Ziyun Gao View Abstract ❯

Fluid shear stress regulates vascular remodeling via VEGFR-3 activation, although independently of its ligand, VEGF-C, in the uterus during pregnancy Yang-Gyu Park, Jawun Choi, Hye-Kang Jung, In Kyu Song, Yongwhan Shin, Sang-Youel Park, Jae-Won Seol View Abstract ❯

EWS-FLI1 positively regulates autophagy by increasing ATG4B expression in Ewing sarcoma cells Qunshan Lu, Yuankai Zhang, Liang Ma, Deqiang Li, Ming Li, Jianmin Li, Peilai Liu View Abstract ❯

MicroRNA-124 inhibits the proliferation of C6 glioma cells by targeting Smad4 Zechuan Zhang, Qiaoyun Gong, Meiying Li, Jinying Xu, Yangyang Zheng, Pengfei Ge, Guangfan Chi View Abstract ❯

miR-30a inhibits the biological function of breast cancer cells by targeting Notch1 He-Da Zhang, Lin-Hong Jiang, Da-Wei Sun, Jian Li, Jin-Hai Tang View Abstract ❯

Triticum aestivum sprout-derived polysaccharide exerts hepatoprotective effects against ethanol-induced liver damage by enhancing the antioxidant system in mice Sarmila Nepali, Hyeon-Hui Ki, Ji-Hyun Lee, Ji-Yun Cha, Young-Mi Lee, Dae-Ki Kim View Abstract ❯

Insulin-like growth factor-1 promotes the proliferation and odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cells under high glucose conditions Lu Yan, Shangmin Sun, Liu Qu View Abstract ❯

Role of interferon regulatory factor-1 in lipopolysaccharide-induced mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress responses in macrophages Song-Yun Deng, Le-Meng Zhang, Yu-Hang Ai, Pin-Hua Pan, Shuang-Ping Zhao, Xiao-Li Su, Dong-Dong Wu, Hong-Yi Tan, Li-Na Zhang, Allan Tsung View Abstract ❯

Isoastragaloside I inhibits NF-κB activation and inflammatory responses in BV-2 microglial cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide Hongshuai Liu, Fei Huang, Hui Wu, Beibei Zhang, Hailian Shi, Xiaojun Wu, Zhibi Hu View Abstract ❯

Melanogenesis in uveal melanoma cells: Effect of argan oil Nunzia Caporarello, Melania Olivieri, Martina Cristaldi, Dario Rusciano, Gabriella Lupo, Carmelina Daniela Anfuso View Abstract ❯

Antimicrobial activity and synergism of ursolic acid 3-O-α-L-arabinopyranoside with oxacillin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Tian Zhou, Zhi Li, Ok‑Hwa Kang, Su‑Hyun Mun, Yun‑Soo Seo, Ryong Kong, Dong-Won Shin, Xiang‑Qian Liu, Dong‑Yeul Kwon View Abstract ❯

Apocynin protects mesangial cells from lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation by exerting heme oxygenase 1-mediated monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 suppression Nirmal Prasad Bhatt, Jin-Young Park, Hee Jae Lee, Sung-Soo Kim, Yong-Soo Kwon, Wanjoo Chun View Abstract ❯

5-7 October, 2017, Metropolitan Hotel, Athens, Greece 22nd World Congress on Advances in Oncology & 20th International Symposium on Molecular Medicine 3-4 October 2017, Pre-Congress Workshop: 'Next-Generation Sequencing – Library construction and quality control'

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Examining the Time Course of Genital and Subjective Sexual Responses in Women and Men with Concurrent Plethysmography and Thermography

Publication date: Available online 15 September 2017
Source:Biological Psychology
Author(s): Jackie S. Huberman, Samantha J. Dawson, Meredith L. Chivers
Sexual response is a dynamic process, though there is limited knowledge of the time course and relationships among its psychological and physiological components. To address this gap, we concurrently assessed self-reported sexual arousal, genital temperature (with thermography), and genital vasocongestion (with vaginal photoplethysmography [VPP] or penile plethysmography [PPG]) during sexual and nonsexual films in 28 androphilic women (attracted to men) and 27 gynephilic men (attracted to women). Men and women had similarly strong agreement between subjective and genital responses (sexual concordance) with thermography, but this agreement was stronger in men than women with PPG/VPP. The time course of changes in self-reported arousal was most similar to changes in genital temperature (i.e., time to onset and peak response). Time-lagged correlations and multi-level modeling revealed changes in the strength of relationships between aspects of sexual response over time. Results highlight the dynamic nature of sexual response and drawbacks of relying on zero-order correlations to characterize sexual concordance.



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