Scholar : Molecular and Clinical Oncology - Volume:7 Number:4

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TABLE OF CONTENTS October-2017 Volume 7 Issue 4

The optimum marker for the detection of lymphatic vessels (Review) Ling‑Ling Kong, Nian‑Zhao Yang, Liang‑Hui Shi, Guo‑Hai Zhao, Wenbin Zhou, Qiang Ding, Ming‑Hai Wang, Yi‑Sheng Zhang View Abstract ❯

Relapsed and unresectable inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor responded to chemotherapy: A case report and review of the literature Yasuhiro Maruyama, Toshirou Fukushima, Daisuke Gomi, Takashi Kobayashi, Nodoka Sekiguchi, Akiyuki Sakamoto, Shigeru Sasaki, Keiko Mamiya, Tomonobu Koizumi View Abstract ❯

Treatment of relapsed extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma with bortezomib plus fludarabine Chen Chen, Hongmin He View Abstract ❯

Blood transfusions and steatohepatitis are independent risk factors for complications following liver resection for colorectal cancer liver metastases Marco Massani, Giovanni Capovilla, Cesare Ruffolo, Roberta Bonariol, Paola Maccatrozzo, Francesco Tuci, Giuseppe Battistella, Gian Luca Grazi, Nicolò Bassi View Abstract ❯

A rare case of dedifferentiated liposarcoma of the sinonasal cavity: A case report Masaru Miyazaki, Mikiko Aoki, Satoru Oba, Toshifumi Sakata, Takashi Nakagawa, Kazuki Nabeshima View Abstract ❯

Intestinal atresia following chemotherapy, presenting as superior mesenteric artery syndrome: A case report Xing Wang, Jian‑Zhong Li, Ying‑Hui Yang, Xiao‑Li Huang, Yu Wang, Bin Wu View Abstract ❯

A retrospective study of late adverse events in proton beam therapy for prostate cancer Hirokazu Makishima, Hitoshi Ishikawa, Keiichi Tanaka, Yutaro Mori, Masashi Mizumoto, Kayoko Ohnishi, Teruhito Aihara, Nobuyoshi Fukumitsu, Toshiyuki Okumura, Hideyuki Sakurai View Abstract ❯

Intraluminal rectal cancer metastasis to the small bowel: An extremely rare case report Paraskevas Stamopoulos, Nikolaos Machairas, Stylianos Kykalos, Afrodite Nonni, Gregory Kouraklis, Georgios C. Sotiropoulos View Abstract ❯

T-cell immunoglobulin mucin‑3 expression in invasive ductal breast carcinoma: Clinicopathological correlations and association with tumor infiltration by cytotoxic lymphocytes Huan Zhang, Rong Xiang, Bin Wu, Jinlong Li, Guilin Luo View Abstract ❯

Evaluation of safety, feasibility and the long‑term outcomes of colorectomy for colorectal adenocarcinoma in patients older than 80 years of age Norio Yukawa, Toru Aoyama, Tsutomu Sato, Takashi Oshima, Takaki Yoshikawa, Yasushi Rino, Munetaka Masuda View Abstract ❯

Randomized phase II study of TJ-54 (Yokukansan) for postoperative delirium in gastrointestinal and lung malignancy patients Nobuhiro Sugano, Toru Aoyama, Tsutomu Sato, Mariko Kamiya, Shinya Amano, Naoto Yamamoto, Takuya Nagashima, Yoshihiro Ishikawa, Katsuhiko Masudo, Masataka Taguri, Takeharu Yamanaka, Yuji Yamamoto, Hiroshi Matsukawa, Ryuji Shiraisi, Takashi Oshima, Norio Yukawa, Yasushi Rino, Munetaka Masuda View Abstract ❯

Primary malignant lymphoma of the talus: A case report and review of the literature Shunsuke Sato, Yoichi Kaneuchi, Michiyuki Hakozaki, Hitoshi Yamada, Satoshi Kawana, Osamu Hasegawa, Shinichi Konno View Abstract ❯

There is no relationship between SOD2 Val-16Ala polymorphism and breast cancer risk or survival Chengdi Wang, Yang Liu, Jian Zhou, Lei Ye, Nan Chen, Min Zhu, Yulin Ji View Abstract ❯

Updated recommendation on molecular-targeted therapy for metastatic renal cell cancer Senji Hoshi, Kenji Numahata, Hidenori Kanno, Masahiko Sato, Akihito Kuromoto, Kunihisa Nezu, Takanari Sakai, Chihito Konno, Yuichi Ishizuka, Hideaki Izumi, Katsuyuki Taguchi, Kunio Ono, Kiyotsugu Hoshi, Satoshi Kanto, Rika Takahashi, Bilim Vladimir, Naoe Akimoto, Isoji Sasagawa, Shoichiro Ohta View Abstract ❯

Clinical significance of serum anti-p53 antibody expression following curative surgery for colorectal cancer Kensuke Kumamoto, Hideyuki Ishida, Koki Kuwabara, Kunihiko Amano, Noriyasu Chika, Norimichi Okada, Tomonori Ohsawa, Youichi Kumagai, Keiichiro Ishibashi View Abstract ❯

Treatment sequence in castration-resistant prostate cancer: A retrospective study in the new anti-androgen era Senji Hoshi, Kenji Numahata, Kunio Ono, Nobuhiro Yasuno, Vladimir Bilim, Kiyotsugu Hoshi, Hiroshi Amemiya, Isoji Sasagawa, Shoichiro Ohta View Abstract ❯

Safety and efficacy of carboplatin plus nab-paclitaxel for treating advanced non-small-cell lung cancer with interstitial lung disease Hideyuki Niwa, Yoshiro Nakahara, Masanori Yokoba, Hisashi Mitsufuji, Jiichiro Sasaki, Noriyuki Masuda View Abstract ❯

Palliative surgery for giant mucinous carcinoma of the breast in an elderly patient: A rare case report Haruko Takuwa, Wakako Tsuji, Fumiaki Yotsumoto View Abstract ❯

Comparison of clinicopathological characteristics between cirrhotic and non‑cirrhotic patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: A large‑scale retrospective study Lei Yuan, Xianwu Luo, Xinyuan Lu, Bin Yi, Kaijian Chu, Quanyu Cai, Xiaoqing Jiang View Abstract ❯

Combined detection of α-fetoprotein and free β‑human chorionic gonadotropin in screening for trisomy 21 and management of cases in the moderate risk value range Yahong Li, Xiaojuan Zhang, Yun Sun, Dongyang Hong, Yanyun Wang, Zhengfeng Xu, Tao Jiang View Abstract ❯

Comparative investigation of the anti-emetic effects of granisetron and palonosetron during the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia Aki Matsumaru, Yutaka Tsutsumi, Shinichi Ito View Abstract ❯

Pulmonary and pleural metastasis of intracranial anaplastic meningioma in a 3-year-old boy: A case report Yuko Honda, Rie Shirayama, Hiromi Morita, Koichi Kusuhara View Abstract ❯

Collagen gel droplet-embedded culture drug sensitivity testing in hard palate cancer‑predicted antitumor efficacy of cetuximab: A case report Kaname Sakuma, Ryuki Tamura, Naoto Noda, Masutaka Mizutani, Akira Yamaguchi, Akira Tanaka View Abstract ❯

Gastrointestinal tract‑like muscular walls in ovarian mature cystic teratomas: A histopathological study Susumu Matsukuma, Oh Takahashi, Yoshitaka Utsumi, Kosuke Miyai, Hiroaki Takeo View Abstract ❯

Surgery is the preferred treatment for bile duct hamartomas Xiao‑Yu Yang, Hai‑Bo Zhang, Bin Wu, Ai‑Jun Li, Xiao‑Hui Fu View Abstract ❯

Severe blood loss anaemia and recurrent intussusceptions as first presentation of bowel metastatic renal cell carcinoma: A case report and review of the literature Claudia Trojaniello, Maria Giuseppa Vitale, Biagio Trojaniello, Maria Luisa Lentini Graziano, Mariarosa Coccaro, Giacomo Cartenì, Vincenzo Montesarchio View Abstract ❯

Evaluation of the clinical benefits of adjuvant capecitabine monotherapy in elderly women with breast cancer: A retrospective study Yan‑Shuang Li, Qing Yang, Ming Qi, Ji‑Yu Li View Abstract ❯

Bortezomib as a probable cause of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion: A case report and review of the literature Cheng‑Lan Lv, Juan Li View Abstract ❯

Monitoring of recurrent and superior laryngeal nerve function using an Airwayscope™ during thyroid surgery Kei Ijichi, Hiroshi Sasano, Megumi Harima, Shingo Murakami View Abstract ❯

Retrospective analysis of acute exacerbation of interstitial lung diseases with nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel in patients with advanced lung cancer with preexisting interstitial lung disease Yuto Yasuda, Takashi Nomizo, Hiroaki Ozasa, Tomoko Funazo, Takahiro Tsuji, Hironori Yoshida, Yuichi Sakamori, Hiroki Nagai, Tomohiro Handa, Takeshi Kubo, Young Hak Kim View Abstract ❯

Re‑irradiation of locoregional esophageal cancer recurrence following definitive chemoradiotherapy: A report of 6 cases Atsuto Katano, Hideomi Yamashita, Keiichi Nakagawa View Abstract ❯

Modified hanging manoeuvre facilitates inferior vena cava resection and reconstruction during extended right hepatectomy: A technical case report Shamir O. Cawich, Dexter A.W. Thomas, Vindra Ragoonanan, Chunilal Ramjit, Dylan Narinesingh, Vijay Naraynsingh, Neil Pearce View Abstract ❯

Sorafenib-induced acute-on-chronic liver failure in a patient with hepatocellular carcinoma after transarterial chemoembolization and radiofrequency ablation: A case report Qing‑Liang Wang, Xiao‑Jie Li, Zhi‑Cheng Yao, Peng Zhang, Shi‑Lei Xu, He Huang, Kun‑Peng Hu View Abstract ❯

Evaluation of a 3-base pair indel polymorphism within pre-microRNA-3131 in patients with prostate cancer using mismatch polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism Mohammad Hashemi, Gholamreza Bahari, Hedieh Sattarifard, Behzad Narouie View Abstract ❯

Outcome of decompression using a transnasal ileus tube in malignant adhesive bowel obstruction: A retrospective study Xiang‑Jun Han, Fan Zhao, Hong‑Ying Su, Ke Xu View Abstract ❯

Tuberous sclerosis-associated renal angiomyolipoma: A report of two cases and review of the literature Canbin Lin, Lu Jin, Yu Yang, Yu Ding, Xionghui Wu, Liangchao Ni, Shangqi Yang, Yongqing Lai View Abstract ❯

Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm in children: A review of two cases Wenjun Deng, Minghua Yang, Feimei Kuang, Yingting Liu, Hui Zhang, Lizhi Cao, Min Xie, Liangchun Yang View Abstract ❯

Antitumor activity of yulangsan polysacchrides in mice bearing S180 sarcoma tumors Wen'e Cai, Xiaoyu Chen, Qingdong Pan, Shijun Zhang, Luojiao Tan, Xuyong Sun, Renbin Huang, Aijun Xia View Abstract ❯

5-7 October, 2017, Metropolitan Hotel, Athens, Greece 22nd World Congress on Advances in Oncology & 20th International Symposium on Molecular Medicine 3-4 October 2017, Pre-Congress Workshop: 'Next-Generation Sequencing – Library construction and quality control'

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Editorial board members

Publication date: July 2017
Source:Mutation Research/Reviews in Mutation Research, Volume 773





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A bionanohybrid ZnAl-NADS ecological pesticide as a treatment for soft rot disease in potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.)

Abstract

Pectobacterium carotovorum (Pc) is a phytopathogenic strain that causes soft rot disease in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), resulting in postharvest losses. Chemical control is effective for managing this disease, but overdoses cause adverse effects. Because farmers insist on using chemical agents for crop protection, it is necessary to develop more effective pesticides in which the active compound released can be regulated. In this context, we proposed the synthesis of ZnAl-NADS, in which nalidixic acid sodium salt (NADS) is linked to a ZnAl-NO₃ layered double hydroxide (LDH) host as a nanocarrier. XRD, FT-IR, and SEM analyses confirmed the successful intercalation of NADS into the interplanar LDH space. The drug release profile indicated that the maximum release was completed in 70 or 170 min for free NADS (alone) or for NADS released from ZnAl-NADS, respectively. This slow release was attributed to strong electrostatic interactions between the drug and the anion exchanger. A modulated release is preferable to the action of the bulk NADS, showing increased effectiveness and minimizing the amount of the chemical available to pollute the soil and the water. The fitting data from modified Freundlich and parabolic diffusion models explain the release behavior of the NADS, suggesting that the drug released from ZnAl-NADS bionanohybrid was carried out from the interlamellar sites, according to the ion exchange diffusion process also involving intraparticle diffusion (coeffect). ZnAl-NADS was tested in vitro against Escherichia coli (Ec) and Pc and exhibited bacteriostatic and biocidal effects at 0.025 and 0.075 mg mL⁻¹, respectively. ZnAl-NADS was also tested in vivo as an ecological pesticide for combating potato soft rot and was found to delay typical disease symptoms. In conclusion, ZnAl-NADS can potentially be used to control pests, infestation, and plant disease.

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Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics in Moderate-to-Severe Psoriasis

Abstract

Pharmacogenetics is the study of variations in DNA sequence related to drug response. Moreover, the evolution of biotechnology and the sequencing of human DNA have allowed the creation of pharmacogenomics, a branch of genetics that analyzes human genes, the RNAs and proteins encoded by them, and the inter-and intra-individual variations in expression and function in relation to drug response. Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics are being used to search for biomarkers that can predict response to systemic treatments, including those for moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease with an autoimmune contribution. Although its etiology remains unknown, genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors play a role in its development. Diverse systemic and biologic therapies are used to treat moderate-to-severe psoriasis. However, these treatments are not curative, and patients exhibit a wide range of responses to them. Moderate-to-severe psoriasis is usually treated with systemic immunomodulators such as acitretin, ciclosporin, and methotrexate. Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) drugs (adalimumab, etanercept, or infliximab) are the first-line treatment for patients resistant to conventional systemic therapies. Although these therapies are very efficient, around 30–50% of patients have inadequate response. Ustekinumab is a monoclonal antibody that targets interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23 and is used for moderate-to-severe psoriasis. New drugs (apremilast, brodalumab, guselkumab, ixekizumab, and secukinumab) have recently been approved for psoriasis. However, response rates to systemic treatments for moderate-to-severe psoriasis range from 35 to 80%, so it is necessary to identify non-invasive biomarkers that could help predict treatment outcomes of these therapies and individualize care for patients with psoriasis. These biomarkers could improve patient quality of life and reduce health costs and potential side effects. Pharmacogenetic studies have identified potential biomarkers for response to biologic treatments for moderate-to-severe psoriasis. These biomarkers need to be validated in clinical trials involving large cohorts of patients before they can be translated to the clinic. We review pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics studies for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.

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An improved risk-explicit interval linear programming model for pollution load allocation for watershed management

Abstract

Although the risk-explicit interval linear programming (REILP) model has solved the problem of having interval solutions, it has an equity problem, which can lead to unbalanced allocation between different decision variables. Therefore, an improved REILP model is proposed. This model adds an equity objective function and three constraint conditions to overcome this equity problem. In this case, pollution reduction is in proportion to pollutant load, which supports balanced development between different regional economies. The model is used to solve the problem of pollution load allocation in a small transboundary watershed. Compared with the REILP original model result, our model achieves equity between the upstream and downstream pollutant loads; it also overcomes the problem of greatest pollution reduction, where sources are nearest to the control section. The model provides a better solution to the problem of pollution load allocation than previous versions.

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Biochar composites with nano zerovalent iron and eggshell powder for nitrate removal from aqueous solution with coexisting chloride ions

Abstract

Biochar (BC) was produced from date palm tree leaves and its composites were prepared with nano zerovalent iron (nZVI-BC) and hen eggshell powder (EP-BC). The produced BC and its composites were characterized by SEM, XRD, BET, and FTIR for surface structural, mineralogical, and chemical groups and tested for their efficiency for nitrate removal from aqueous solutions in the presence and absence of chloride ions. The incidence of graphene and nano zerovalent iron (Fe⁰) in the nZVI-BC composite was confirmed by XRD. The nZVI-BC composite possessed highest surface area (220.92 m² g⁻¹), carbon (80.55%), nitrogen (3.78%), and hydrogen (11.09%) contents compared to other materials. Nitrate sorption data was fitted well to the Langmuir (R ² = 0.93–0.98) and Freundlich (R ² = 0.90–0.99) isotherms. The sorption kinetics was adequately explained by the pseudo-second-order, power function, and Elovich models. The nZVI-BC composite showed highest Langmuir predicted sorption capacity (148.10 mg g⁻¹) followed by EP-BC composite (72.77 mg g⁻¹). In addition to the high surface area, the higher nitrate removal capacity of nZVI-BC composite could be attributed to the combination of two processes, i.e., chemisorption (outer-sphere complexation) and reduction of nitrate to ammonia or nitrogen by Fe⁰. The appearance of Fe-O stretching and N-H bonds in post-sorption FTIR spectra of nZVI-BC composite suggested the occurrence of redox reaction and formation of Fe compound with N, such as ferric nitrate (Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O). Coexistence of chloride ions negatively influenced the nitrate sorption. The decrease in nitrate sorption with increasing chloride ion concentration was observed, which could be due to the competition of free active sites on the sorbents between nitrate and chloride ions. The nZVI-BC composite exhibited higher nitrate removal efficiency compared to other materials even in the presence of highest concentration (100 mg L⁻¹) of coexisting chloride ion.

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Pentachlorophenol molecule design with lower bioconcentration through 3D-QSAR associated with molecule docking

Abstract

A three-dimensional quantitative structure activity relationship (3D-QSAR) model is built by using a comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) technique with an experimentally determined logarithm of bioconcentration factors (logBCFs) for 36 phenols in fish. Meanwhile, with the pentachlorophenol (PCP) molecule as target molecules, contributions of the molecular fields indicate that the electrostatic fields are the main influences on the bioconcentration of the PCP molecule. Based on the analytical results of CoMSIA contour map of PCP and PCP molecular docking with SOD protease (PDB ID: 4A7T), the R₆ substituent positions of PCP were modified to give seven new modified PCP molecules with low bioconcentration in this paper. The energy barrier calculation of the new modified PCP molecular reaction pathways can infer the order of the substitution reactions as –SCl > –CH₂Cl > –COCl > –CCl₃ > –CH=CH₂ > –NO₂ > –SH. These calculations, combined with anaerobic biodegradation, ecotoxic effect, and mobility of new modified PCP molecules, enable a new environmentally friendly compound when the Cl at the R₆ position of PCP was replaced with –COCl substituent with low bioconcentration (reduced by 32.89%), ecotoxic effect basically unchanged (increased by 1.37%), anaerobic biodegradation increased (increased by 24.81%), and mobility basically unchanged (reduced by 0.94%) to be designed.

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Scholar : Journal of Heritage Tourism, Volume 12, Issue 5, December 2017 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content Journal of Heritage Tourism, Volume 12, Issue 5, December 2017 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online. Heritage Trails and Tourism This new issue contains the following articles: Articles Editorial: heritage trails and tourism Stephen W. Boyd Pages: 417-422 | DOI: 10.1080/1743873X.2016.1265972 The role of trails in the creation of tourist space Nicola MacLeod Pages: 423-430 | DOI: 10.1080/1743873X.2016.1242590 A Himalayan triptych: narratives of traders, pilgrims and resistance in a landscape of movements Hayley Saul & Emma Waterton Pages: 431-440 | DOI: 10.1080/1743873X.2016.1243695 Remembrance Trails of the Great War on the Western Front: routes of heritage and memory Stephen Miles Pages: 441-451 | DOI: 10.1080/1743873X.2016.1242589 A heritage 'trailscape': tracking the exploits of historical figures – an Australian case study Michael Fagence Pages: 452-462 | DOI: 10.1080/1743873X.2016.1242593 In the footsteps of Anne Frank, The Beatles and Vincent Van Gogh: a review and discussion of personal legacy trails Rudi Hartmann Pages: 463-473 | DOI: 10.1080/1743873X.2016.1255219 'Freedom footprints: the Barbados story' – a slavery heritage trail Mechelle N. Best Pages: 474-488 | DOI: 10.1080/1743873X.2016.1255220 Applying the community capitals framework to the craft heritage trails of western North Carolina Carol Kline Pages: 489-508 | DOI: 10.1080/1743873X.2016.1226315 Community engagement in drive tourism in Ireland: case study of the Wild Atlantic Way James Hanrahan, Kelly Maguire & Stephen Boyd Pages: 509-525 | DOI: 10.1080/1743873X.2016.1242594 The revitalization of a heritage travel route: Canada's Cabot Trail Kim Lemky Pages: 526-535 | DOI: 10.1080/1743873X.2016.1242592 Research Note Sculpture trails: investigating success factors Hilary du Cros & Lee Jolliffe Pages: 536-545 | DOI: 10.1080/1743873X.2016.1243120 Editorial board Editorial Board Pages: ebi-ebi | DOI: 10.1080/1743873X.2017.1376381 To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. You can also unsubscribe from this alert with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Multimedia education program and nutrition therapy improves HbA1c, weight, and lipid profile of patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial

Abstract

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of a multimedia education program and nutrition therapy on metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Research question

What is the effect of a multimedia education program and nutritional therapy on metabolic control in type 2 diabetes?

Patients and methods

A randomized clinical trial was conducted in 351 patients randomly assigned to either an experimental group receiving a multimedia diabetes education program (MDE) and nutrition therapy (NT) (NT + MDE: n = 173), or to a control group who received nutrition therapy only (NT: n = 178).

At baseline, 7, 14, and 21 months, the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol were measured. Weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fat percentage, fat and lean mass, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic (DBP) were also recorded.

Results

Glycated hemoglobin decreased in both groups, although the group with NT + MDE had a greater reduction, with a difference of −0.76% (95%CI −1.33 to −0.19) at 7 months and −0.73% (95%CI −1.37 to −0.09) at 21 months. Only in the NT + MDE did the glucose decrease at 7 (−41.2 mg/dL; 95%CI −52.0 to −30.5), 14 (−27.8 mg/dL; 95%CI −32.6 to −23.1), and 21 months (−36.6 mg/dL; 95%CI −46.6 to −26.6). Triglycerides and the atherogenic index decreased in both groups at 7 and 14 months; while only in the NT + MDE group did it decrease at 21 months. (p < 0.05). Weight decreased at 21 months in the NT + MDE group (−1.23, −2.29 at −0.16; p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Nutrition therapy and a multimedia diabetes education program have a favorable impact on achieving metabolic control goals in type 2 diabetes.

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Effect of lower and higher alcohol fuel synergies in biofuel blends and exhaust treatment system on emissions from CI engine

Abstract

The present study deals with performance, emission and combustion studies in a single cylinder CI engine with lower and higher alcohol fuel synergies with biofuel blends and exhaust treatment system. Karanja oil methyl ester (KOME), widely available biofuel in India, and orange oil (ORG), a low carbon biofuel, were taken for this study, and equal volume blend was prepared for testing. Methanol (M) and n-pentanol (P) was taken as lower and higher alcohol and blended 20% by volume with KOME-ORG blend. Activated carbon-based exhaust treatment indigenous system was designed and tested with KOME-ORG + M20 and KOME-ORG + P20 blend. The tests were carried out at various load conditions at a constant speed of 1500 rpm. The study revealed that considering performance, emission and combustion studies, KOME-ORG + M20 + activated carbon are found optimum in reducing NO, smoke and CO₂ emission. Compared to KOME, for KOME-ORG + M20 + activated carbon, NO emission is reduced from 10.25 to 7.85 g/kWh, the smoke emission is reduced from 49.4 to 28.9%, and CO₂ emission is reduced from 1098.84 to 580.68 g/kWh. However, with exhaust treatment system, an increase in HC and CO emissions and reduced thermal efficiency is observed due to backpressure effects.

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Multimedia education program and nutrition therapy improves HbA1c, weight, and lipid profile of patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized clinical trial

Abstract

Purpose

To evaluate the effect of a multimedia education program and nutrition therapy on metabolic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Research question

What is the effect of a multimedia education program and nutritional therapy on metabolic control in type 2 diabetes?

Patients and methods

A randomized clinical trial was conducted in 351 patients randomly assigned to either an experimental group receiving a multimedia diabetes education program (MDE) and nutrition therapy (NT) (NT + MDE: n = 173), or to a control group who received nutrition therapy only (NT: n = 178).

At baseline, 7, 14, and 21 months, the glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, and HDL-cholesterol were measured. Weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), fat percentage, fat and lean mass, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic (DBP) were also recorded.

Results

Glycated hemoglobin decreased in both groups, although the group with NT + MDE had a greater reduction, with a difference of −0.76% (95%CI −1.33 to −0.19) at 7 months and −0.73% (95%CI −1.37 to −0.09) at 21 months. Only in the NT + MDE did the glucose decrease at 7 (−41.2 mg/dL; 95%CI −52.0 to −30.5), 14 (−27.8 mg/dL; 95%CI −32.6 to −23.1), and 21 months (−36.6 mg/dL; 95%CI −46.6 to −26.6). Triglycerides and the atherogenic index decreased in both groups at 7 and 14 months; while only in the NT + MDE group did it decrease at 21 months. (p < 0.05). Weight decreased at 21 months in the NT + MDE group (−1.23, −2.29 at −0.16; p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Nutrition therapy and a multimedia diabetes education program have a favorable impact on achieving metabolic control goals in type 2 diabetes.

http://ift.tt/2xs2fo5

Energy recovery from wastewater treatment plants through sludge anaerobic digestion: effect of low-organic-content sludge

Abstract

During anaerobic digestion, low-organic-content sludge sometimes is used as feedstock, resulting in deteriorated digestion performance. The operational experience of conventional anaerobic digestion cannot be applied to this situation. To investigate the feature of low-organic-content sludge digestion and explain its intrinsic mechanism, batch experiments were conducted using designed feedstock having volatile solids (VS) contents that were 30–64% of total solids (TS). The results showed that the accumulative biogas yield declined proportionally from 173.7 to 64.8 ml/g VS added and organic removal rate decreased from 34.8 to 11.8% with decreasing VS/TS in the substrate. The oligotrophic environment resulting from low-organic-content substrates led to decreased microbial activity and a switch from butyric fermentation to propionic fermentation. A first-order model described the biogas production from the batch experiments very well, and the degradation coefficient decreased from 0.159 to 0.069 day⁻¹, exhibiting a positive relation with organic content in substrate. The results observed here corroborated with data from published literature on anaerobic digestion of low-organic-content sludge and showed that it may not be feasible to recover energy from sludge with an organic content lower than 50% through mono digestion.

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Released fraction of polychlorinated biphenyls from soil–biosolid system using a leaching procedure and its comparison with bioavailable fraction determined by wheat plant uptake

Abstract

The bioavailability of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in soils amended with biosolids was estimated using an aqueous leaching process of the compounds combined with rotating disk sorptive extraction (RDSE), and compared with bioavailability determined through of PCB absorption in wheat plants growing in the same soil–biosolid matrix. The matrices consisted of soil amended with biosolids at doses of 30, 90, and 200 Mg/ha, which increase concomitantly the organic matter content of the matrix. Considering that PCBs were natively absent in both the biosolids and soil used, the compounds were spiked in the biosolids and aged for 10 days. For each biosolid dose, the aqueous leaching profile was studied and equilibrium time was calculated to be 33 h. The leaching fractions determined by RDSE, considering total PCBs studied, were 12, 7, and 6% and the bioavailable fractions absorbed by the wheat root were found to be 0.5, 0.3, and 0.2% for 30, 90, and 200 Mg/ha doses, respectively. Both fractions leachable and bioavailable decrease with both increasing hydrophobicity of the compound (Kow) and increasing in the biosolid dose. It was found that both fractions (leaching and bioavailable) correlated according to the bivariate least squares regression, represented by a coefficient of correlation of 0.86. Therefore, the application of the chemical method involving a leaching procedure is an alternative to estimate the bioavailable fraction of PCBs in wheat plants in a simpler and in a shorter time.

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Development: Transcriptomic blueprints

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Competition for electrons between pyridine and quinoline during their simultaneous biodegradation

Abstract

Biodegradation of pyridine and quinoline is initiated with mono-oxygenation reactions that require an intracellular electron donor. Simultaneous biodegradation of both substrates should set up competition for the intracellular electron donor that may inhibit one or more of the mono-oxygenation steps. An internal circulation baffled biofilm reactor (ICBBR) was used to evaluate the impacts of competition during pyridine and quinoline biodegradation. Compared with independent biodegradation, pyridine and quinoline removal rates were slowed when biodegraded simultaneously, although the pyridine removal rate decreased more than for quinoline. The first mono-oxygenation of quinoline (to 2-hydroxyquinoline) always was faster than the first mono-oxygenation of pyridine (to 2-hydroxypyridine), and the difference was accentuated with pyridine and quinoline which were biodegraded simultaneously due to the competition for intracellular electron donor. Competition also existed between the second mono-oxygenations, and the removal rate of 2-hydroxypyridine was faster than the rate for 2-hydroxyquinoline, even though the rate was faster for quinoline than pyridine. Adding an exogenous electron donor accelerated all mono-oxygenations in proportion to the amount of donor added, but the increments were greater for quinoline due to its higher affinity for intracellular electron donors than pyridine. When actual coking wastewater was used as the background matrix, removals of pyridine and quinoline exhibited the same competitive trends.

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Fine particle matters induce DNA damage and G2/M cell cycle arrest in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells

Abstract

There is compelling evidence that exposure to particulate matter (PM) is linked to lung tumorigenesis. However, there is not enough experimental evidence to support the specific mechanisms of PM_2.5-induced DNA damage and cell cycle arrest in lung tumorigenesis. In this study, we investigated the toxic effects and molecular mechanisms of PM_2.5 on bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells. PM_2.5 exposure reduced cell viability and enhanced LDH activity. The cell growth curves of BEAS-2B cells decreased gradually with the increase in PM_2.5 dosage. A significant increase in MDA content and a decrease in GSH-Px activity were observed. The generation of ROS was enhanced obviously, while apoptosis increased in BEAS-2B cells exposed to PM_2.5 for 24 h. DNA damage was found to be more severe in the exposed groups compared with the control. For in-depth study, we have demonstrated that PM_2.5 stimulated the activation of HER2/ErbB2 while significantly upregulating the expression of Ras/GADPH, p-BRAF/BRAF, p-MEK/MEK, p-ERK/ERK, and c-Myc/GADPH in a dose-dependent manner. In summary, we suggested that exposure to PM_2.5 sustained the activation of HER2/ErbB2, which in turn promoted the activation of the Ras/Raf/MAPK pathway and the expression of the downstream target c-Myc. The overexpression of c-Myc may lead to G2/M arrest and aggravate the DNA damage and apoptosis in BEAS-2B after exposure to PM_2.5.

http://ift.tt/2h9qRvC

Report from the first European Dermato-Epidemiology Network forum

Summary

The first European Dermato-Epidemiology Network (EDEN) forum was held on 30–31 March 2017 in Madrid, Spain. Dermatoepidemiology describes the study of causes, prevention, health services research and evaluation of interventions of skin diseases. EDEN aims to promote high-quality research, share expertise and facilitate collaboration. These aims were achieved during the EDEN forum by including a preconference course on skin cancer epidemiology; having excellent world-leading guest speakers on causality, quality of care, pharmacoepidemiology and missing data analysis; and including delegates who presented and discussed innovative research findings. The meeting brought together delegates from 11 different countries. We welcome everyone with an interest in clinical research and epidemiology related to skin disease to attend next year's meeting in March 2018 in Berlin.

http://ift.tt/2xekgpn

Food avoidance and restriction in adults: a cross-sectional pilot study comparing patients from an immunology clinic to a general practice

Abstract

Background

With the introduction of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual – fifth edition, there is an increased need to understand the prevalence and pattern of food avoidance and restriction in adults. High rates of food allergy and intolerance in immunology clinic populations, and subsequent high rates of elimination diets, place these individuals at a greater risk of developing pathological eating behaviours. This descriptive cross sectional pilot study aims to provide preliminary data on the prevalence and nature of food avoidance and restriction in an adult population, and to explore the reasons for this behaviour.

Method

A self-administered questionnaire was designed and distributed to adults presenting to an immunology clinic and a general practice over the course of 6 months to describe the prevalence and nature of avoidant and restrictive eating behaviours in this population. Pearson's chi square test was used to examine the strength of a potential link to a formal diagnosis of avoidant restrictive food intake disorder in these patients.

Results

A total of 102 completed questionnaires were used for data analysis. Food avoidance or restriction was detected in 81 respondents (79%), with rates not significantly higher in the immunology clinic group compared to the general practice group (p = .242). Food allergy and intolerance were the most common reasons for disturbed eating patterns. Life impact secondary to food avoidance and restriction was reported by 26% of respondents, with significantly higher rates observed in the immunology clinic cohort compared to the general practice (p = .011).

Conclusions

Eating disturbances similar to those characteristic of ARFID are very common in adults. Food avoidance and restriction due to perceived food allergy and intolerance are significant reasons for such disordered eating patterns, particularly in an immunology clinic population. Further investigation is needed to determine if such eating behaviours are pathological and whether they qualify for a diagnosis of ARFID.

http://ift.tt/2jChR3h

Scholar : International Journal of Oncology - Volume:51 Number:4

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TABLE OF CONTENTS October-2017 Volume 51 Issue 4

Connexin 43 in the development and progression of breast cancer: What's the connection? (Review) Stephanie L. Phillips, Carly Bess Williams, Joelle N. Zambrano, Christina J. Williams, Elizabeth S. Yeh View Abstract ❯

Trophic and neurotrophic factors in human pituitary adenomas (Review) Marialuisa Spoletini, Samanta Taurone, Mario Tombolini, Antonio Minni, Giancarlo Altissimi, Venceslao Wierzbicki, Felice Giangaspero, Pier Paolo Parnigotto, Marco Artico, Lia Bardella, Enzo Agostinelli, Francesco Saverio Pastore View Abstract ❯

Rho GTPases as therapeutic targets in cancer (Review) G. A. Cardama, N. Gonzalez, J. Maggio, P. Lorenzano Menna, D. E. Gomez View Abstract ❯

Phospho-valproic acid inhibits pancreatic cancer growth in mice: enhanced efficacy by its formulation in poly-(L)-lactic acid-poly(ethylene glycol) nanoparticles George Mattheolabakis, Ruixue Wang, Basil Rigas, Gerardo G. Mackenzie View Abstract ❯

FoxM1 overexpression promotes cell proliferation and migration and inhibits apoptosis in hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma resulting in poor clinical prognosis Yan Chen, Yifei Liu, Haosheng Ni, Chuanjin Ding, Xiaobo Zhang, Zhenxin Zhang View Abstract ❯

YAP signaling in gastric cancer-derived mesenchymal stem cells is critical for its promoting role in cancer progression Zhaoji Pan, Yiqing Tian, Bin Zhang, Xu Zhang, Hui Shi, Zhaofeng Liang, Peipei Wu, Rong Li, Benshuai You, Lunyu Yang, Fei Mao, Hui Qian, Wenrong Xu View Abstract ❯

Prediction of radiosensitive patients with gastric cancer by developing gene signature Jin Zhou, Xiaoyu Wu, Gang Li, Xin Gao, Min Zhai, Weichang Chen, Huagang Hu, Zaixiang Tang View Abstract ❯

Nano Let‑7b sensitization of eliminating esophageal cancer stem‑like cells is dependent on blockade of Wnt activation of symmetric division Yamei Pang, Jian Liu, Xiang Li, Yiwen Zhang, Boxiang Zhang, Jing Zhang, Ning Du, Chongwen Xu, Rui Liang, Hong Ren, Shou-Ching Tang, Xin Sun View Abstract ❯

Gold-chrysophanol nanoparticles suppress human prostate cancer progression through inactivating AKT expression and inducing apoptosis and ROS generation in vitro and in vivo Li Lu, Ke Li, Yun-Hua Mao, Hu Qu, Bing Yao, Wen-Wen Zhong, Bo Ma, Zhong-Yang Wang View Abstract ❯

SERP1 is a novel marker of poor prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients via anti-apoptosis and regulating SRPRB/NF-κB axis Qiang Ma, Xiuxiu Wu, Jing Wu, Zhiyong Liang, Tonghua Liu View Abstract ❯

TUG1 promotes osteosarcoma tumorigenesis by upregulating EZH2 expression via miR-144-3p Jiaqing Cao, Xinyou Han, Xin Qi, Xiangyun Jin, Xiaolin Li View Abstract ❯

Effect of low- and high-linear energy transfer radiation on in vitro and orthotopic in vivo models of osteosarcoma by activation of caspase-3 and -9 Eun Ho Kim, Mi-Sook Kim, Kyung-Hee Lee, Sei Sai, Youn Kyoung Jeong, Jae-Soo Koh, Chang-Bae Kong View Abstract ❯

Expression of Wnt3a in hepatocellular carcinoma and its effects on cell cycle and metastasis Caijie Lu, Yifeng He, Juan Duan, Yongguang Yang, Chunqiang Zhong, Jian Zhang, Weiguo Liao, Xiaojie Huang, Runzhi Zhu, Mingyi Li View Abstract ❯

Disrupting mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis causes tumor-selective TRAIL sensitization through mitochondrial network abnormalities Yohei Ohshima, Natsuhiko Takata, Miki Suzuki-Karasaki, Yukihiro Yoshida, Yasuaki Tokuhashi, Yoshihiro Suzuki-Karasaki View Abstract ❯

Cx32 suppresses extrinsic apoptosis in human cervical cancer cells via the NF‑κB signalling pathway Yongchang Lai, Lixia Fan, Yifan Zhao, Hui Ge, Xue Feng, Qin Wang, Xiaomin Zhang, Yuexia Peng, Xiyan Wang, Liang Tao View Abstract ❯

Luteolin induces apoptotic cell death via antioxidant activity in human colon cancer cells Kyoung Ah Kang, Mei Jing Piao, Yea Seong Ryu, Yu Jae Hyun, Jeong Eon Park, Kristina Shilnikova, Ao Xuan Zhen, Hee Kyoung Kang, Young Sang Koh, Yong Joo Jeong, Jin Won Hyun View Abstract ❯

Expression of carbonic anhydrase IX is associated with poor prognosis through regulation of the epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma Satoshi Hyuga, Hiroshi Wada, Hidetoshi Eguchi, Toru Otsuru, Yoshifumi Iwgami, Daisaku Yamada, Takehiro Noda, Tadafumi Asaoka, Koichi Kawamoto, Kunihito Gotoh, Yutaka Takeda, Masahiro Tanemura, Koji Umeshita, Yuichiro Doki, Masaki Mori View Abstract ❯

GPER promotes tamoxifen-resistance in ER+ breast cancer cells by reduced Bim proteins through MAPK/Erk-TRIM2 signaling axis Heng Yin, Qing Zhu, Manran Liu, Gang Tu, Qing Li, Jie Yuan, Siyang Wen, Guanglun Yang View Abstract ❯

Establishment of two ovarian cancer orthotopic xenograft mouse models for in vivo imaging: A comparative study Jing Guo, Jing Cai, Yunxia Zhang, Yapei Zhu, Ping Yang, Zehua Wang View Abstract ❯

Activation of the ROCK1/MMP-9 pathway is associated with the invasion and poor prognosis in papillary thyroid carcinoma Dingyuan Luo, Haibo Chen, Xiaojuan Li, Penghui Lu, Miaoyun Long, Xinzhi Peng, Shaojian Lin, Langping Tan, Yue Zhu, Nengtai Ouyang, Honghao Li View Abstract ❯

Silibinin suppresses bladder cancer cell malignancy and chemoresistance in an NF-κB signal-dependent and signal-independent manner Yi Sun, Zhenfeng Guan, Wencai Zhao, Yazhuo Jiang, Qing Li, Yongyi Cheng, Yonggang Xu View Abstract ❯

Measuring the response of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to irradiation in a microfluidic model allowing customized therapy Ramsah Cheah, Rishi Srivastava, Nicholas D. Stafford, Andrew W. Beavis, Victoria Green, John Greenman View Abstract ❯

Novel crosstalk between KLF4 and ZEB1 regulates gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma Zhiyi Wang, Yuan Chen, Yanliang Lin, Xinxing Wang, Xianping Cui, Zhenhai Zhang, Guozhe Xian, Chengkun Qin View Abstract ❯

Melatonin potentiates the antitumor effect of curcumin by inhibiting IKKβ/NF-κB/COX-2 signaling pathway Sandeep Shrestha, Jiabin Zhu, Qi Wang, Xiaohui Du, Fen Liu, Jianing Jiang, Jing Song, Jinshan Xing, Dongdong Sun, Qingjuan Hou, Yulin Peng, Jun Zhao, Xiuzhen Sun, Xishuang Song View Abstract ❯

Identification of WISP1 as a novel oncogene in glioblastoma Di Jing, Qian Zhang, Haiming Yu, Yajie Zhao, Liangfang Shen View Abstract ❯

PRL-3 improves colorectal cancer cell proliferation and invasion through IL-8 mediated glycolysis metabolism Heyang Xu, Yujie Zeng, Lu Liu, Qian Gao, Shaowen Jin, Qiusheng Lan, Wei Lai, Xingxi Luo, Heng Wu, Yongliang Huang, Zhonghua Chu View Abstract ❯

Identification of novel genetic etiology and key molecular pathways for seminoma via network-based studies Yuanlei Chen, Chao Qi, Liqun Xia, Gonghui Li View Abstract ❯

Synergistic inhibitory effects on hepatocellular carcinoma with recombinant human adenovirus Aspp2 and oxaliplatin via p53-independent pathway in vitro and in vivo Xiaoni Liu, Jianji Xu, Shuang Wang, Xiaoxiao Yu, Boxin Kou, Mengyin Chai, Yunjin Zang, Dexi Chen View Abstract ❯

Expression of periostin in breast cancer cells Katarzyna Ratajczak-Wielgomas, Jedrzej Grzegrzolka, Aleksandra Piotrowska, Rafal Matkowski, Andrzej Wojnar, Janusz Rys, Maciej Ugorski, Piotr Dziegiel View Abstract ❯

Anoctamin5 regulates cell migration and invasion in thyroid cancer Zhengyan Chang, Chunmiao Cai, Dongyan Han, Yaohui Gao, Qianyu Li, Lijin Feng, Wei Zhang, Jiayi Zheng, Jiaoying Jin, Huizhen Zhang, Qing Wei View Abstract ❯

Cooperative oncogenic effect and cell signaling crosstalk of co‑occurring HER2 and mutant PIK3CA in mammary epithelial cells Lun Dong, Fanyan Meng, Ling Wu, Allison V. Mitchell, C. James Block, Bin Zhang, Douglas B. Craig, Hyejeong Jang, Wei Chen, Qifeng Yang, Guojun Wu View Abstract ❯

Ginkgetin induces G2-phase arrest in HCT116 colon cancer cells through the modulation of b‑Myb and miRNA34a expression Yu-Jin Lee, Yeong-Rim Kang, So Young Lee, Yena Jin, Dong Cho Han, Byoung-Mog Kwon View Abstract ❯

APPL1 promotes the migration of gastric cancer cells by regulating Akt2 phosphorylation Yingxun Liu, Chunli Zhang, Lingyu Zhao, Ning Du, Ni Hou, Tusheng Song, Chen Huang View Abstract ❯

5-7 October, 2017, Metropolitan Hotel, Athens, Greece 22nd World Congress on Advances in Oncology & 20th International Symposium on Molecular Medicine 3-4 October 2017, Pre-Congress Workshop: 'Next-Generation Sequencing – Library construction and quality control'

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Investigation of cis - trans isomer dependent dermatotoxicokinetics of UV filter ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate through stratum corneum in vivo

Abstract

2-Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC) is one of the most used ultraviolet filters in personal care products. It undergoes cis/trans isomerization in sunlight, and there is limited toxicological understanding of the effects of the cis-isomer. It is known that two geometric isomers of one compound can have different physico-chemical properties and effects. However, there are no studies focusing on toxicokinetics of EHMC isomerization products to compare their potential difference in dermal exposure to cis-EHMC and trans-EHMC due to the difference in their dermatotoxicokinetics. In this study, dermal absorption of the parental trans-EHMC and its cis isomer was studied. A commercially available sunscreen lotion containing trans-EHMC and spiked with laboratory-prepared cis-EHMC was locally applied on the forearm skin of two volunteers. After 8 h of skin exposure, the stratum corneum (SC) layer was removed by tape stripping. The removed thickness of the SC was determined spectrophotometrically using a total protein assay. The concentration of both isomers in the removed SC was measured by HPLC-DAD. A new diffusion and permeability coefficient of both EHMC isomers in SC were determined by Fick's second law of diffusion in vivo. The difference in dermatotoxicokinetic parameters between the two isomers was not statistically significant. However, separate toxicological studies of isomeric forms and the determination of their dermatotoxicokinetic parameters are crucial for refinement of human risk assessment.

http://ift.tt/2ft70nR

Synthesis, pharmacological activities and molecular docking studies of pyrazolyltriazoles as anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory agents

Publication date: Available online 15 September 2017
Source:Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
Author(s): Cherupally Dayakar, Buddana Sudheer Kumar, Galande Sneha, Gudem Sagarika, Koneru Meghana, Sistla Ramakrishna, Reddy Shetty Prakasham, Bhimapaka China Raju
A series of novel pyrazolyl alcohols (5a-h), pyrazolyl azides (6a-h), and pyrazolyltriazoles (8a-h, 10a-p and 12a-l) were prepared and evaluated for their bioactivity (anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory) profile. The compound 5c displayed the potent anti-bacterial activity against Micrococcus luteus (MIC 3.9 and MBC 7.81µg/mL). In vitro anti-inflammatory activity data denoted that compound 8b is effective among the tested compounds against IL-6 (IC50 6.23μM). Docking analysis of compounds 5f, 8a-b, 8e-f and 8h displayed high binding energies for the compounds 8a-b and 8h towards TNF-α dimer (2AZ5 protein) and IL-6 (1ALU protein). In vivo anti-inflammatory activity of compounds 8b and 8h with respect to LPS induced mice model indicated that compound 8h showed significant reduction in TNF-α.

Graphical abstract

http://ift.tt/2xr22l2

Tapered US carbon emissions during good times: what’s old, what’s new?

Abstract

In light of a slow buildup in CO₂ emissions since the recovery, this paper revisits the relationship between CO₂ emissions and the US economy using a nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag model, in which the determinants are identified through an expanded real business cycle model. We find convincing evidence that CO₂ emissions decline more rapidly during recessions than increase during expansions over the long run. Of all determinants considered, long-run asymmetry is fostered once vehicle miles traveled is controlled. This calls for a greater attention to public transportation development and vehicle miles traveled tax for slowing down stock buildup of CO₂ emissions during good times.

http://ift.tt/2haGmA8

Study on the sediment characteristics of the snow in a typical residential community and its integrated biological treatment pattern in Harbin

Abstract

Winter cities have severe shortages of water resources. The effective classification and recycling of urban water resources that are available here are therefore significant for the sustainable utilization of water in winter cities, and snow is a potential water resource. In this research, the water quality of the snow and the pollutant composition in the vehicle roads of a typical residential community of Harbin are analyzed. It is concluded that there is a large amount of suspended substances, including chemical oxygen demand (COD), salt, ammonia, and oil in this snow. There are 27 main pollutants. The oily substances are dominated by hexadecane and are accompanied by toxic substances, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene (BTEX), and naphthalene. As snow is a carrier of pollutants, the underground space of the urban shallow green belt is proposed to be used to establish a snow-melting system that would integrate biological treatment devices. This method allows the year-round collection, storage, and utilization of rainwater for use in city planning and municipal technology, realizing multiple objectives and having a significant influence on further urban development.

http://ift.tt/2h8dprZ

The online measured black carbon aerosol and source orientations in the Nam Co region, Tibet

Abstract

Equivalent black carbon (eBC) mass concentrations were measured by an aethalometer (AE-31) in the Nam Co, central Tibet from 2010 to 2014. Different from previous filter-sampling studies (Ming et al., J Environ Sci 22(11):1748–1756, 2010; Zhao et al., Environ Sci Pollut Res 20:5827–5838, 2013), the first high-resolution online eBC measurement conducted in central Tibet is reported here, allowing to discuss the diurnal variations as well as seasonal variabilities of eBC. Average daily eBC concentration was 74 ± 50 ng/m³, reflecting a global background level. Meteorological conditions influenced eBC concentrations largely at seasonal scale, which are higher in February–May but lower in June–January. The highest eBC concentrations (greater than 210 ng/m³) were more associated with the W and WSW winds smaller than 6 m/s. The diurnal variations of eBC showed plateaus from 10:00 to 15:00 with seasonal variations, associated with local anthropogenic activities, such as indigenous Tibetan burning animal waste and tourism traffic. The PBLHs showed a co-variance with eBC concentrations, implicating close sources. The aerosol optical depths derived from the MODIS data over the Nam Co Observatory Station (NCOS)-included sub-area (30° N–40° N, 90° E–100° E) showed significant relationship with eBC concentrations. This suggests that nearby or short-distance sources other than long-distance transported pollutants could be important contributors to eBC concentrations at the NCOS, different from the conclusions suggested by previous studies.

http://ift.tt/2ha7pLI

Removal of arsenic III and V from laboratory solutions and contaminated groundwater by metallurgical slag through anion-induced precipitation.

Abstract

Metallurgical slag was used for the simultaneous removal of high concentrations of arsenite and arsenate from laboratory solutions and severely contaminated groundwater. Apart from demonstrating the high efficiency of arsenic removal in presence of competing species, the work aims to explore the physicochemical mechanisms of the process by means of microscopy observation and a detailed statistical analysis of existing kinetic and isotherm equations. Fitting was performed by non-linear least squares using weighted residuals; ANOVA and bootstrap methods were used to compare the models. Literature suggests that the metal oxides in the slag are efficient adsorbents of As(III) and (V). However, the low surface area of the slag precludes adsorption; SEM observation provide evidence of a mechanism of co-precipitation of lixiviated cations with contaminant anions. The reaction kinetics provide essential information on the interaction between the contaminants, particularly on the common ion effect in groundwater. The Fritz-Schlünder isotherm allows modelling the saturation effect at low slag doses. The efficiency of the process is demonstrated by an arsenic removal of 99% in groundwater using 4-g slag/L, resulting in an effluent with 0.01 mg As/L, which is below Mexican and international standards for drinking water.

http://ift.tt/2xIrUdi

Periodontal screening and referral behaviour of general dental practitioners in Flanders

Abstract

Objectives

The objective of this study was to investigate the screening and referral behaviour of Flemish dentists concerning periodontitis and more specific, the use of the Dutch Periodontal Screening Index (DPSI).

Materials and methods

An online questionnaire was electronically distributed through the different professional dental societies. It consisted of two parts: the first aimed at describing the profile of the dentist. The second part inquired the screening method, when this was applied, periodontal risk factors and referral behaviour.

Results

One thousand fifty dentists attended to the questionnaire. One hundred fifty-nine questionnaires were excluded since they did not match the target audience. Sixty-four percent of Flemish dentists used DPSI as a periodontal screening method, 28% screened based on probing pocket depth, 4% used solely radiographs and 4% had no screening method at all. The usage of DPSI is influenced by the year of graduation: the longer the dentists were graduated, the less they used DPSI. No influence of sex, education centre and location was found. Referral behaviour is influenced by different patient- and dentist-related factors.

Conclusions

Regarding the screening behaviour, there seems a consensus among Flemish dentists that a periodontal probe should be used. For referral, there is no consensus about if and when to refer to a specialist.

Clinical relevance

It is encouraging that 92% of the Flemish general dental practitioners use a probe when screening for periodontitis. However, DPSI is mainly used by younger dentists. An effort should be made to encourage all dentists to use this, so that in every patient, periodontitis can be detected timely, securing the best treatment outcome.

http://ift.tt/2jAEDsc

Frequency, location, and association with dental pathology of mucous retention cysts in the maxillary sinus. A radiographic study using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)

Abstract

Objectives

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the frequency, locations, and dimensions of mucous retention cysts of the maxillary sinus and analyze potential associated dental pathology.

Materials and methods

A total of 156 cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were included in the analysis, resulting in an evaluation of 310 maxillary sinuses. The presence of mucous retention cysts (MRC) manifesting as dome-shaped radiopacities in the sinus was diagnosed. Their locations were recorded, and dimensions (mm) were measured in coronal and sagittal/axial slices. The patients were grouped into (a) patients/sinuses with MRCs (test), and (b) patients/sinuses with healthy or any other changes (control) for further comparison and evaluation.

Results

There were 40 sinuses (12.9%) with a presence of a total of 56 MRCs. The mean age of involved patients was 29.0 years. The analysis showed that gender, age, sinus side, status of dentition, endodontic status, and periodontal status did not have a significant influence on the presence of MRCs when compared between test and control groups. Age and endodontic status exhibited a significant association with cyst location.

Conclusions

Most of the sinuses analyzed (79.5%) did not present any MRC, and only 28.6% of the cysts diagnosed were found on the floor of the maxillary sinus. The mean dimension of the MRCs measured 6.28 ± 2.93 mm. No influencing factors on the presence or absence of MRCs were found in the present study.

Clinical relevance

Most MRCs were not located on the floor of maxillary sinus. Future studies should assess their impact on surgical interventions in the sinus.

http://ift.tt/2wlh8t5

Isolation and identification of antifungal peptides from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens W10

Abstract

Antifungal metabolites produced by Bacillus sp. W10, which was previously isolated from the tomato rhizosphere, were investigated. Strain W10 was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens by analysis of its 16S rDNA and gyrB gene partial sequences. PCR analysis showed the presence of fenB, sfp, and ituD genes, coding for fengycin, surfactin, and iturin, respectively. A novel small antifungal peptide, designated 5240, produced by this strain was isolated by ammonium sulfate precipitation and Superdex 200 gel filtration chromatography. The 5240 peptide was stable at 100 °C for 20 min and remained active throughout a wide pH range (4–10). The antagonistic activity was not affected by protease K and trypsin. The purified 5240 peptide exhibited a broad inhibitory spectrum against various plant pathogenic fungi and was identified as iturin A (C₁₄-C₁₆). Moreover, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry indicated the presence of fengycin A (C₁₄-C₁₅), fengycin B (C₁₆-C₁₇), and surfactin (C₁₃-C₁₆) isoforms in supernatants from strain W10. These results suggest that B. amyloliquefaciens W10 has significant potential as a biocontrol agent.

http://ift.tt/2jxXVOK