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Σάββατο 27 Ιανουαρίου 2018
Scholar : Journal of Museum Education, Volume 43, Issue 1, March 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online
Scholar : These new articles for Aphasiology are available online
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Scholar : Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, Volume 76, Issue 2, March 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online
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Sox10 positive breast carcinoma metastatic to the skin
Abstract
Sox10 is a robust and sensitive immunostain for melanocytic neoplasia. The strong nuclear signal, the clean background, and the limited expression in normal cutaneous structures make it a highly useful marker in the histopathologic evaluation of skin tumors.
http://ift.tt/2rJfdN9
3D imaging of cleared human skin biopsies using light-sheet microscopy: A new way to visualize in-depth skin structure
Abstract
Background
Human skin is composed of the superimposition of tissue layers of various thicknesses and components. Histological staining of skin sections is the benchmark approach to analyse the organization and integrity of human skin biopsies; however, this approach does not allow 3D tissue visualization. Alternatively, confocal or two-photon microscopy is an effective approach to perform fluorescent-based 3D imaging. However, owing to light scattering, these methods display limited light penetration in depth. The objectives of this study were therefore to combine optical clearing and light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) to perform in-depth optical sectioning of 5 mm-thick human skin biopsies and generate 3D images of entire human skin biopsies.
Materials and Methods
A benzyl alcohol and benzyl benzoate solution was used to successfully optically clear entire formalin fixed human skin biopsies, making them transparent. In-depth optical sectioning was performed with LSFM on the basis of tissue-autofluorescence observations. 3D image analysis of optical sections generated with LSFM was performed by using the Amira® software.
Results
This new approach allowed us to observe in situ the different layers and compartments of human skin, such as the stratum corneum, the dermis and epidermal appendages. With this approach, we easily performed 3D reconstruction to visualise an entire human skin biopsy. Finally, we demonstrated that this method is useful to visualise and quantify histological anomalies, such as epidermal hyperplasia.
Conclusion
The combination of optical clearing and LSFM has new applications in dermatology and dermatological research by allowing 3D visualization and analysis of whole human skin biopsies.
http://ift.tt/2DGhdep
Comparison of two kinds of skin imaging analysis software: VISIA® from Canfield and IPP® from Media Cybernetics
Abstract
Background
Skin imaging analysis, acting as a supplement to noninvasive bioengineering devices, has been widely used in medical cosmetology and cosmetic product evaluation. The main aim of this study is to assess the differences and correlations in measuring skin spots, wrinkles, vascular features, porphyrin, and pore between two commercially available image analysis software.
Materials and Methods
Seventy healthy women were included in the study. Before taking pictures, the dermatologist evaluated subjects' skin conditions. Test sites included the forehead, cheek, and periorbital skin. A 2 × 2 cm cardboard was used to make a mark on the skin surface. Pictures were taken using VISIA® under three kinds light conditions and analyzed using VISIA® and IPP® respectively.
Results
(1) Skin pore, red area, ultraviolet spot, brown spot, porphyrin, and wrinkle measured with VISIA® were correlated with those measured with IPP® (P < .01). (2) Spot, wrinkle, fine line, brown spot, and red area analyzed with VISIA® were correlated with age on the forehead and periorbital skin (P < .05). L-value, Crow's feet, ultraviolet spot, brown spot, and red area analyzed with IPP® were correlated with age on the periorbital skin (P < .05). (3) L-value, spot, wrinkle, fine line, porphyrin, red area, and pore analyzed with VISIA® and IPP® showed correlations with the subjective evaluation scores (P < .05).
Conclusions
VISIA® and IPP® showed acceptable correlation in measuring various skin conditions. VISIA® showed a high sensibility when measured on the forehead skin. IPP® is available as an alternative software program to evaluate skin features.
http://ift.tt/2niuMFR
Changes in dermal structure and skin oxidative stress in overweight and obese Japanese males after weight loss: a longitudinal observation study
Abstract
Background/Purpose
Previous studies have reported decreased dermal echogenicity and increased skin oxidative stress in overweight males. However, it is unknown whether these skin parameters of overweight and obese people are similar to those of individuals exhibiting a normal body weight following weight loss. The purpose of this study was to (1) compare the changes in the dermal structure parameters and levels of skin oxidative stress before and after weight loss in overweight and obese people in Japan and (2) to clarify how these aspects changed when body weight would be reduced to normal body weight.
Methods
Male volunteers with a body mass index of ≥25 kg/m2 were recruited. The dermal structure was visualized and dermal echogenicity and thickness were measured using ultrasound scanners. The mRNA expression level of heme oxygenase-1 in the hair follicles was quantitatively analyzed as a marker of skin oxidative stress.
Results
When overweight individuals in their 20s to 30s reduced their weight to normal, decreased dermal thickness in the abdominal region was observed in 50% of the subjects; however, no increase in dermal echogenicity was observed. A decrease in dermal thickness and an increase in dermal echogenicity in the thighs was observed in 83.3% of the subjects. No decrease in the level of dermal oxidative stress was observed.
Conclusion
The dermal structure in the thighs of overweight young individuals can be improved to the level of the structure in those of normal body weight individuals following weight loss.
http://ift.tt/2DGhbmN
Παρασκευή 26 Ιανουαρίου 2018
Association between preoperative thyrotrophin and clinicopathological and aggressive features of papillary thyroid cancer
Abstract
Purpose
We aimed to investigate the relation between preoperative serum thyrotrophin (TSH) and clinicopathological features in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and microcarcinoma (PTMC).
Methods
Patients who underwent thyroidectomy and diagnosed to have benign nodular disease or PTC/PTMC in our clinic were evaluated retrospectively. Patients with a previous history of thyroid surgery, patients using antithyroid medications or thyroid hormone and patients with tumors known to be unresponsive to TSH were excluded.
Results
Data of 1632 patients were analyzed. Histopathological diagnosis was benign in 969 (59.4%) and malignant in 663 (40.6%) patients. Preoperative median serum TSH was significantly higher in malignant compared to benign group (1.41 IU/dL vs. 0.98 IU/dL, p < 0.001). Malignancy risk increased gradually as going from hyperthyroidism to euthyroidism and hypothyroidism (20, 40.6, and 59.1%, respectively, p < 0.05). Serum TSH was lowest in benign nodular disease, higher in PTMC and highest in PTC (p < 0.001). This was also true when patients with positive antithyroid peroxidase/antithyroglobulin and with lymphocytic thyroiditis were excluded from the analysis (p < 0.001). Serum TSH was higher in patients with bilateral tumor, capsular invasion and lymph node metastasis (LNM) compared to patients with unilateral tumor, without capsule invasion and without LNM, respectively (p = 0.036, p = 0.002, and p = 0.001, respectively). Patients with aggressive variant PTC had higher serum TSH than nonaggressive ones (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
Preoperative serum TSH is associated with PTMC, PTC and LNM. Serum TSH seems to be related with thyroid cancer regardless of autoimmunity. With the present study, for the first time, we showed an association between serum TSH and aggressive variants of PTC.
http://ift.tt/2nhs9nV
Association between preoperative thyrotrophin and clinicopathological and aggressive features of papillary thyroid cancer
Abstract
Purpose
We aimed to investigate the relation between preoperative serum thyrotrophin (TSH) and clinicopathological features in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and microcarcinoma (PTMC).
Methods
Patients who underwent thyroidectomy and diagnosed to have benign nodular disease or PTC/PTMC in our clinic were evaluated retrospectively. Patients with a previous history of thyroid surgery, patients using antithyroid medications or thyroid hormone and patients with tumors known to be unresponsive to TSH were excluded.
Results
Data of 1632 patients were analyzed. Histopathological diagnosis was benign in 969 (59.4%) and malignant in 663 (40.6%) patients. Preoperative median serum TSH was significantly higher in malignant compared to benign group (1.41 IU/dL vs. 0.98 IU/dL, p < 0.001). Malignancy risk increased gradually as going from hyperthyroidism to euthyroidism and hypothyroidism (20, 40.6, and 59.1%, respectively, p < 0.05). Serum TSH was lowest in benign nodular disease, higher in PTMC and highest in PTC (p < 0.001). This was also true when patients with positive antithyroid peroxidase/antithyroglobulin and with lymphocytic thyroiditis were excluded from the analysis (p < 0.001). Serum TSH was higher in patients with bilateral tumor, capsular invasion and lymph node metastasis (LNM) compared to patients with unilateral tumor, without capsule invasion and without LNM, respectively (p = 0.036, p = 0.002, and p = 0.001, respectively). Patients with aggressive variant PTC had higher serum TSH than nonaggressive ones (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
Preoperative serum TSH is associated with PTMC, PTC and LNM. Serum TSH seems to be related with thyroid cancer regardless of autoimmunity. With the present study, for the first time, we showed an association between serum TSH and aggressive variants of PTC.
http://ift.tt/2nhs9nV
Effectiveness of laser adjunctive therapy for surgical treatment of gingival recession with flap graft techniques: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
Various flap graft techniques in the treatment of gingival recession have already been reported in the literatures for root coverage. Laser therapy has effects of ablative, hemostatic, and decontamination. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare the efficacy of flap surgery combined with laser with surgery alone for treating gingival recession. The studies were searched from PubMed, Embase, Web of science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials by two reviewers up to August 2017. The quality of RCTs was assessed by Cochrane Handbook. Data were extracted from studies and analyzed by Review Manager 5.3. 95% confidence interval (CI) and risk ratio (RR) were calculated for dichotomous data. Seven RCTs with 173 patients and 296 teeth were included in the meta-analysis. We found no statistically significant differences between two groups in GRD (gingival recession depth) (P = 0.21), GRW (gingival recession width) (P = 0.92), RES (root esthetic score) (P = 0.21), and CRC (complete root coverage) (P = 0.09). Statistically significant differences were found between two groups in the WKT (width of keratinized tissue) (P < 0.0001) and 1-year follow-up of PD (probing depth) (P = 0.03) and CAL (clinical attachment level) (P < 0.00001). The meta-analysis found that surgery with laser therapy provided clinical advantages in terms of WKT and 1-year follow-up of PD and CAL. However, flap graft associated with laser did not offer additional benefit to root coverage and esthetics in treating gingival recession. More long-term studies are required to assess these parameters.
http://ift.tt/2rLec7c
Epidermotropic Presentation by Splenic B-cell Lymphoma: The Importance of Clinical-Pathologic Correlation
Abstract
There are exceedingly rare reports of patients with epidermotropic B-cell lymphomas. A subset presented with intermittent, variably pruritic papular eruptions and involvement of their spleens, peripheral blood, and bone marrow at the time of diagnosis. Furthermore, some experienced an indolent course despite dissemination of their lymphomas. We report a 66-year-old woman with a 12-year history of intermittent eruptions of nonpruritic salmon-colored papules on her torso and proximal extremities that occurred in winter and resolved with outdoor activity in spring. Skin biopsy revealed an epidermotropic B-cell lymphoma with a non-specific B-cell phenotype and heavy chain class switching with IgG expression. On workup, our patient exhibited mild splenomegaly and low-level involvement of her peripheral blood and bone marrow by a kappa-restricted B-cell population. A splenic B-cell lymphoma was diagnosed. Considering her longstanding history and absences of cytopenias, our patient has been followed without splenectomy or systemic therapy. Furthermore, the papules have responded dramatically to narrowband UVB. Our case and a review of similar rare reports aim to raise awareness among dermatopathologists and dermatologists of a clinically distinct and indolent subset of epidermotropic splenic lymphomas with characteristic clinical and histologic findings.
http://ift.tt/2Bv77Ya
A quantitative comparison between SOX10 and MART-1 immunostaining to detect melanocytic hyperplasia in chronically sun-damaged skin
Abstract
Histologic differentiation of melanoma in situ (MIS) from solar keratosis on chronically sun-damaged skin is challenging. The first-line immunostain is usually MART-1/Melan-A, which can exaggerate the epidermal melanocytes, causing a diagnostic pitfall for MIS. By comparing MART-1 and SOX10 immunostaining, we scored the percentage of epidermal melanocytes per 2-mm diameter fields in pigmented actinic keratosis (n=16), lichenoid keratosis (n=7), junctional melanocytic nevus (n=6), keratosis with atypical melanocytic proliferation (AMP, n=17) and MIS (n=10). These cases represented an older population (68 years median age) and the head and neck (50%) was the most common anatomic site. MART-1 score was significantly higher than SOX10 (P value < 0.05) in solar keratoses, but showed no difference in detecting melanocytic proliferations, demonstrating their equal detection rate of melanocytes. The sensitivity of both MART-1 and SOX10 was 100% while their specificities were 17% and 96%, respectively. These results show SOX10 is more specific than MART-1 in distinguishing epidermal melanocytes on sun-damaged skin by avoiding over diagnosis of melanoma.
http://ift.tt/2nedsD0
Periodontal Treatment in Cancer Patients: an Interdisciplinary Approach
Abstract
Purpose of Review
Dental care is an essential component in the comprehensive treatment for a cancer patient. As such, a review of the literature was completed to determine the relationships between periodontal and dental care in the cancer patient and provide strategic suggestions.
Recent Findings
Periodontal treatment must be personalized depending on the patient's current oral health status, systemic status, and progress in treatment. Oral mucositis, periodontal status, and osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) remain periodontal concerns in providing dental care to the cancer patient. Risk factors for development of ONJ include root amputation (OR = 6.64), extraction of a single tooth (OR = 3.7), severe tooth mobility (OR = 3.60), and unclosed wound (OR = 2.51).
Summary
Preventive maintenance, oral hygiene instruction, use of fluoride and chlorhexidine are all important therapeutic strategies. If extractions are required in patients who have received bone-modifying drug infusions, flap management and primary wound closure are needed to reduce the risk of complications.
http://ift.tt/2rIXchW
Possible effect of SNAIL family transcriptional repressor 1 polymorphisms in non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate
Abstract
Objective
Orofacial development is a complex process subjected to failure impairing. Indeed, the cleft of the lip and/or of the palate is among the most frequent inborn malformations. The JARID2 gene has been suggested to be involved in non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (nsCL/P) etiology. JARID2 interacts with the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) in regulating the expression patterns of developmental genes by modifying the chromatin state.
Materials and methods
Genes coding for the PRC2 components, as well as other genes active in cell differentiation and embryonic development, were selected for a family-based association study to verify their involvement in nsCL/P. A total of 632 families from Italy and Asia participated to the study.
Results
Evidence of allelic association was found with polymorphisms of SNAI1; in particular, the rs16995010-G allele was undertransmitted to the nsCL/P cases [P = 0.004, odds ratio = 0.69 (95% C.I. 0.54–0.89)]. However, the adjusted significance value corrected for all the performed tests was P = 0.051.
Conclusions
The findings emerging by the present study suggest for the first time an involvement of SNAI1 in the nsCL/P onset.
Clinical relevance
Interestingly, SNAI1 is known to promote epithelial to mesenchymal transition by repressing E-cadherin expression, but it needs an intact PRC2 to act this function. Alterations of this process could contribute to the complex etiology of nsCL/P.
http://ift.tt/2Gl0BGU
Cooking oil fume-derived PM 2.5 induces apoptosis in A549 cells and MAPK/NF-кB/STAT1 pathway activation
Abstract
Cooking oil fumes (COFs) are the major sources of indoor air pollution in Asia. It is well known that alveolar cells are key participants in the development of respiratory system; however, it still remains unknown whether alveolar cells are affected by COFs. Therefore, the present study investigated the effects of COFs on alveolar cells (A549 cells) and illuminated its apoptotic mechanism in response to COF-PM2.5 exposure. When A549 cells were exposed to COF-PM2.5, cell viability was substantially decreased, while the generation of ROS increased, and LDH levels and CCK-8 levels gradually changed within a dose-dependent manner. The nitrite concentration in the supernatants was augmented, while the SOD activity and GSH recycling were decreased upon COF-PM2.5. Moreover, COF-PM2.5 treatment increased mRNA levels of COX-2, inducible NO synthase, and TNF-α, and Elisa assay suggested that secretory proteins IL-6 and TNF-α were also increased. Furthermore, the Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA ratio was increased, and cleaved caspase-3 protein was activated in the A549 cells. Strikingly, COF-PM2.5 induced the phosphorylation of STAT1 at Tyr701/Ser727 and activation of NF-кB and ERK1/2, p38, and JNK of the MAPK pathway. In short, our study suggested that COF-PM2.5 resulted in inflammation, apoptosis, and cell damage in A549 cells, which might be modulated via the activation of MAPK/NF-кB/STAT1 pathway.
http://ift.tt/2Bwnnbn
Protective effect of melatonin on cadmium-induced changes in some maturation and reproductive parameters of female Prussian carp ( Carassius gibelio B.)
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether melatonin (Mel), which is a known antioxidant and free radical scavenger, could perform the role of a preventive agent against the toxic effects of cadmium (Cd2+) on mortality, fish growth, gonadosomatic index (GSI), luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion, the response to hormonal stimulation of spawning, and also tissue accumulation of Cd in Prussian carp females. These females received melatonin implants and were exposed to 0.4 or 4.0 mg/L of Cd (as CdCl2·2.5H2O) over either a 5- or 3-month period, followed by further 2 months of purification in clear water. Negative changes caused by exposure to cadmium in the water were as follows: higher fish mortality, lower body weight, increased accumulation of cadmium in the brain and ovary, lowered GSI, impaired spontaneous LH secretion during exposure, and impaired LH secretion during stimulation of spawning. All of these effects were observed in the group of fish exposed to 0.4 and/or 4.0 mg Cd/L but did not occur or were less pronounced in the groups exposed to cadmium in the presence of melatonin released from the implants. During depuration, in the group of fish which had been exposed to the highest Cd concentration, we observed a significant improvement in fish survival rate, body growth, inhibition of further cadmium accumulation in tissues, and gradual return of spontaneous LH secretion as well as normalization of the GSI value to the control group levels. In conclusion, these findings indicate that melatonin can be a preventive agent for some toxic effects on fish reproduction induced by environmental cadmium contamination.
http://ift.tt/2rJCMFl
Effects of dissolved organic matter leaching from macrophyte litter on black water events in shallow lakes
Abstract
In recent years, the black water phenomenon has become an environmental event in eutrophic shallow lakes in China, leading to deterioration of lake ecosystems and potable water crises. Decomposition of macrophyte debris has been verified as a key inducement for black water events. In this study, the effects of the decomposition of dissolved organic matter (Kottelat et al., WASP 187:343–351, 2008) derived from macrophyte leachate on the occurrence of black water events are investigated to clarify the detailed mechanisms involved. Results show that dissolved organic matter (DOM) is composed of a trace of chromophoric DOM and mostly non-chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM). DOM decomposition is accompanied by varied concentration of CDOM components, generation of organic particles, and increased microbial concentrations. These processes increase water chroma only during initial 48 h, so the intensified water color cannot be maintained by DOM decomposition alone. During DOM decomposition, microorganisms first consume non-CDOM, increasing the relative CDOM concentration and turning the water color to black (or brown). Simultaneously, tryptophan and aromatic proteins, which are major ingredients of CDOM, enhance UV light absorption, further aggravating the macroscopic phenomenon of black color. Our results show that DOM leached from decayed macrophytes promotes or even triggers the occurrence of black water events and should be taken more seriously in the future.
http://ift.tt/2GlByn2
Tranexamic acid as a local hemostasis method after dental extraction in patients on warfarin: a randomized controlled clinical study
Abstract
Objectives
The present work is a controlled, blinded, and randomized clinical trial comparing hemostatic measures for the control of post-tooth extraction hemorrhage in patients on anticoagulation therapy with warfarin.
Materials and methods
The sample consisted of 37 patients (37.8% male and 62.2% female) with a mean age of 45.5 years. After randomization, 20 patients were allocated to the control group (conventional hemostasis measures) and 17 to the study group (addition of local tranexamic acid). All variables that could influence the outcome were similar between the groups and no significant difference was seen (p > 0.05).
Results
In the assessment of immediate hemostasis, for the control group, the time to achieve cessation of bleeding was 9.1 (± 3.6) minutes. For the study group this was much lower, and this difference (6.018 / confidence interval of 95%, 4.677 to 7.359) was statistically significant (p < 0.001). In evaluating the control of intermediate hemorrhage, the use of tranexamic acid was more significantly associated with the absence of bleeding, especially in the first 24 h.
Conclusions and clinical relevance
Thus, this measure of local hemostasis in topical form with gauze compression and irrigation was shown to be more effective in reducing the time to attain immediate hemostasis, and in preventing intermediate hemorrhage.
http://ift.tt/2DBWKUg
Whole blood viscosity and cerebral blood flow velocities in obese hypertensive or obese normotensive adolescents
Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Issue: Ahead of print
http://ift.tt/2ng7Gjq
The utility of body mass index as an indicator for lipid abnormalities in non-fasted children
Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Issue: Ahead of print
http://ift.tt/2DKdAEg
Hypercalcemia, hyperkalemia and supraventricular tachycardia in a patient with subcutaneous fat necrosis
Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Issue: Ahead of print
http://ift.tt/2ng7EYQ
Clinical follow-up data and the rate of development of precocious and rapidly progressive puberty in patients with premature thelarche
Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Issue: Ahead of print
http://ift.tt/2DJbHI3
Brain gray matter volume differences in obese youth with type 2 diabetes: a pilot study
Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Issue: Ahead of print
http://ift.tt/2neSiUd
Is it safe to get Botox while breast-feeding?
A look at Botox and breast-feeding safety. Included is detail on how Botox affects the body and other side effects that are important for mothers to know.
http://ift.tt/2neZCiU
Inhibition of Methyltransferase Setd7 Allows the In Vitro Expansion of Myogenic Stem Cells with Improved Therapeutic Potential
Publication date: Available online 25 January 2018
Source:Cell Stem Cell
Author(s): Robert N. Judson, Marco Quarta, Menno J. Oudhoff, Hesham Soliman, Lin Yi, Chih Kai Chang, Gloria Loi, Ryan Vander Werff, Alissa Cait, Mark Hamer, Justin Blonigan, Patrick Paine, Linda T.N. Doan, Elena Groppa, WenJun He, Le Su, Regan H. Zhang, Peter Xu, Christine Eisner, Marcela Low, Ingrid Barta, Coral-Ann B. Lewis, Colby Zaph, Mohammad M. Karimi, Thomas A. Rando, Fabio M. Rossi
The development of cell therapy for repairing damaged or diseased skeletal muscle has been hindered by the inability to significantly expand immature, transplantable myogenic stem cells (MuSCs) in culture. To overcome this limitation, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms regulating the transition between activated, proliferating MuSCs and differentiation-primed, poorly engrafting progenitors is needed. Here, we show that methyltransferase Setd7 facilitates such transition by regulating the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin in proliferating MuSCs. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of Setd7 promotes in vitro expansion of MuSCs and increases the yield of primary myogenic cell cultures. Upon transplantation, both mouse and human MuSCs expanded with a Setd7 small-molecule inhibitor are better able to repopulate the satellite cell niche, and treated mouse MuSCs show enhanced therapeutic potential in preclinical models of muscular dystrophy. Thus, Setd7 inhibition may help bypass a key obstacle in the translation of cell therapy for muscle disease.
Graphical abstract
Teaser
Judson et al. show that lysine-methyltransferase Setd7 acts cytoplasmically to regulate the differentiation of skeletal muscle stem cells (MuSCs) by priming β-catenin for nuclear import. Pharmacological inhibition of Setd7 can provide a strategy to enhance the in vitro expansion and transplantation potential of murine and human MuSCs.http://ift.tt/2naWBkw
Use of ENABL® adjuvant to increase the potency of an adenovirus-vectored foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype A subunit vaccine
Publication date: Available online 20 January 2018
Source:Vaccine
Author(s): José Barrera, Christopher Schutta, Melia Pisano, Marvin J. Grubman, David A. Brake, Timothy Miller, Barbara J. Kamicker, Femi Olutunmbi, Damodar Ettyreddy, Douglas E. Brough, Bryan T. Butman, John G. Neilan
A foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) recombinant subunit vaccine formulated with a lipid/polymer adjuvant was evaluated in two vaccine efficacy challenge studies in steers. The vaccine active ingredient is a replication-deficient human adenovirus serotype 5 vector encoding the FMD virus (FMDV) A24/Cruzeiro/BRA/55 capsid (AdtA24). In the first study, AdtA24 formulated in ENABL® adjuvant was compared to a fourfold higher dose of AdtA24 without adjuvant. Steers vaccinated with AdtA24 + ENABL® adjuvant developed a significantly higher virus neutralizing test (VNT) antibody titer and an improved clinical response following FMDV A24/Cruzeiro/BRA/55 intradermal lingual challenge at 14 days post-vaccination (dpv) than steers vaccinated with the active ingredient alone. In the second study, vaccination with AdtA24 formulated in ENABL® at the same dose used in the first study, followed by FMDV A24/Cruzeiro/BRA/55 challenge on 7 or 14 dpv, prevented clinical FMD in all steers and conferred 90% protection against viremia. In addition, post-challenge FMDV titers in nasal samples from vaccinated steers compared to unvaccinated steers were significantly reduced. In both studies, none of the AdtA24 vaccinated steers developed antibodies to the FMDV non-structural proteins prior to challenge with FMDV, indicative of the capacity to differentiate infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA). These results demonstrate that administration of AdtA24 formulated in ENABL® adjuvant lowered the protective dose and prevented clinical FMD following exposure of vaccinated steers to virulent FMDV at 7 or 14 dpv.
http://ift.tt/2Edvo7R
Toxicity of aqueous mixture of phenol and chlorophenols upon photosensitized oxidation initiated by sunlight or vis-lamp
Abstract
It is well established that aquatic wildlife in marine and freshwater of the European Union is exposed to natural and synthetic endocrine disruptor compounds (EDCs) which are able to interfere with the hormonal system causing adverse effects on the intact physiology of organisms. The traditional wastewater treatment processes are inefficient on the removal of EDCs in low concentration. Moreover, not only the efficiency of treatment must be considered but also toxicological aspects. Taking into account all these aspects, the main goal of the study was to investigate the photochemical decomposition of hazardous phenolic compounds under simulated as well as natural sunlight from the toxicity point of view. The studies were focused on photodegradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol as well as mixture of phenol, 2-chlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol. Photosensitized oxidation process was carried out in homogeneous and heterogeneous system. V. fischeri luminescence inhibition was used to determine the changes of toxicity in mixture during simulated and natural irradiation. The photodegradation was carried out in three kinds of water matrix; moreover, the influence of presence of inorganic matter on the treatment process was investigated. The experiments with natural sunlight proved applicability of photosensitive chitosan for visible-light water pollutant degradation. The results of toxicity investigation show that using photosensitive chitosan for visible-light, the toxicity of reaction mixture towards V. fischeri has significantly decreased. The EC50 was found to increase over the irradiation time; this increase was not proportional to the transformation of the parent compounds.
http://ift.tt/2DDzN37
Identifying the Predictive Factors of Response to PD-1 or PD-L1 Antagonists
Intervention: Procedure: Biopsy
Sponsors: UNICANCER; Fondation ARC
Not yet recruiting
http://ift.tt/2DH3hB9
Study on the Application of Convenient Foot-control Exhaust Method in Endoscopic Thyroidectomy
Interventions: Device: used of the Pressure adjustable foot-control method; Device: direct exhaust
Sponsor: wangbo
Recruiting
http://ift.tt/2DERkeZ
Hippocampus Avoidance During Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy for T4 Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients
Intervention:
Sponsor: Zhejiang Cancer Hospital
Recruiting
http://ift.tt/2nb1s4e
Peptide Vaccine in Advanced Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma or Colorectal Adenocarcinoma
Interventions: Biological: Peptide Vaccine; Behavioral: Phone Call; Drug: Pembrolizumab
Sponsor: M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
Recruiting
http://ift.tt/2niFJYn
Benefits and Harms of Cannabis in Chronic Pain or Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review [Internet].
Eight states and the District of Columbia have legalized cannabis use for recreational purposes, and 28 states plus the District of Columbia have legalized cannabis for medical purposes. Recent studies suggest that 45-80% of individuals who seek cannabis for medical purposes do so for pain management, and an estimated 6%-39% of patients prescribed opioid medication for pain are also utilizing cannabis. Over one-third of patients seeking cannabis for medical purposes list post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as the primary reason for the request. Approximately 15% of Veterans who are treated in Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) outpatient PTSD clinics report recent (past 6 months) cannabis use.
http://ift.tt/2DQFxJU
Treatment Options of Arm Fractures in the Elderly – A Systematic Review and Assessment of the Medical, Economic, Social and Ethical Aspects [Internet].
The Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment of Social Services (SBU) has evaluated the effects, complications, health economic aspects and ethical considerations of arm fractures treatment in the elderly with a mean age above 60 years. The project originates from a proposal from the Swedish Orthopaedic Association. The systematic review also includes studies on how patients with osteoporosis experience participation in their care and their encounters with health care professionals.
http://ift.tt/2FhEIqw
Comparative Clinical and Economic Effectiveness of Anti-vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Agents [Internet].
Visual impairment is a common problem among Veterans and results in significant reduction in quality of life. Diseases commonly responsible for substantial losses in visual acuity include neovascular ("wet") age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic macular edema (DME), and central or branch retinal vein occlusion (CRVO or BRVO). While the etiologies of these diseases are complex, all are driven at least in part by vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs). This has led to the development of several drugs called anti-VEGF agents designed to block these factors and thus limit their damage to the eye. The most commonly used anti-VEGF agents—aflibercept, bevacizumab, and ranibizumab—have been shown to slow and even reverse the vision loss typically seen in patients with AMD, DME, BRVO, and CRVO. The comparative effectiveness, harms, and costs of these drugs are unclear.
http://ift.tt/2DRrynk
Interventions to Improve Foster Children's Mental and Physical Health: A Systematic Review and Assessment of the Economic, Social and Ethical Aspects [Internet].
Many maltreated or troubled children and youth are placed in foster family care for shorter or longer periods. Those children have substantially increased risks of mental and health problems compared to other children, at time of care entry, while in care and in adulthood. It is therefore important to know if interventions for children residing in foster care are effective.
http://ift.tt/2FjHsEb
Theoretical Effect of DBS on Axonal Fibers of Passage: Firing Rates, Entropy, and Information Content
Stereotact Funct Neurosurg
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Scholar : These new articles for Amyloid are available online
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Rhizospheric effects on the microbial community of e-waste-contaminated soils using phospholipid fatty acid and isoprenoid glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether analyses
Abstract
We performed the study of rhizospheric effects on soil microbial community structure, including bacteria, fungi, actinomycete, and archaea, at an electronic waste (e-waste) recycling site by analyzing the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) and isoprenoid glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) contents. By comparing PLFA and isoprenoid GDGT profiles of rhizospheric and surrounding bulk soils of 11 crop species, we observed distinct microbial community structures. The total PLFA concentration was significantly higher in rhizospheric soils than in non-rhizospheric soils, whereas no obvious difference was found in the total isoprenoid GDGT concentrations. The microbial community structure was also different, with higher ratios of fungal-to-bacterial PLFAs (F/B) and lower relative abundance of Gram-positive bacteria in rhizospheric soils. The extent of rhizospheric effects varied among plant species, and Colocasia esculenta L. had the greatest positive effects on the total microbial biomass. Dissolved organic carbon and pH were the main environmental factors affecting the microbial community represented by PLFAs, while the archaeal community was influenced by copper and zinc in all soils. These results offer a comprehensive view of rhizospheric effects on microbes in heavy metal and persistent organic pollutant co-contaminated soil, and provide fundamental knowledge regarding microbial ecology in e-waste-contaminated soils.
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Scholar : These new articles for Comedy Studies are available online
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Scholar : These new articles for Asian Security are available online
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Geochemical characteristics of n -alkanes and isoprenoids in coal seams from Zhuji coal mine, Huainan coalfield, China, and their relationship with coal-forming environment
Abstract
Ten coal seams in Upper Shihezi Formation, Lower Shihezi Formation, and Shanxi Formation from the Zhuji mine, Huainan coalfield, China, were analyzed for n-alkanes and isoprenoids (pristine and phytane) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), with an aim of reconstructing the coal-forming plants and depositional environments along with organic carbon isotope analyses. The total n-alkane concentrations ranged from 34.1 to 481 mg/kg. Values of organic carbon isotope (δ13Corg) ranged from − 24.6 to − 23.7‰. The calorific value (Qb,d), maximum vitrinite reflectance (Romax), proximate, and ultimate analysis were also determined but showed no correlation with n-alkane concentrations. Carbon Preference Index (CPI) values ranged from 0.945 to 1.30, suggesting no obvious odd/even predominance of n-alkane. The predominance of C11 and C17n-alkanes implied that the coal may be deposited in the fresh and mildly brackish environment. According to the contrary changing trend of pristine/phytane (Pr/Ph) ratio and boron concentrations, Pr/Ph can be used as an indicator to reconstruct the marine transgression-regression in sedimentary environment of coal formation. The influence of marine transgression may lead to the enrichment of pyrite sulfur in the coal seam 4-2. C3 plants (− 32 to − 21‰) and marine algae (− 23 to − 16‰) were probably the main coal-forming plants in the studied coal seams. No correlation of the n-alkane concentration and redox condition of the depositional environment with organic carbon isotope composition were found.
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Πέμπτη 25 Ιανουαρίου 2018
Adding sufentanil to ropivacaine in continuous thoracic paravertebral block fails to improve analgesia after video-assisted thoracic surgery: A randomised controlled trial
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Comparison of double intravenous vasopressor automated system using nexfin versus manual vasopressor bolus administration for maintenance of haemodynamic stability during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean delivery: A randomised double-blind controlled trial
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Investigation of relationship between precursor of miRNA-944 and its mature form in lung squamous-cell carcinoma - the diagnostic value
Publication date: Available online 10 January 2018
Source:Pathology - Research and Practice
Author(s): Tomasz Powrózek, Radosław Mlak, Marcin Dziedzic, Teresa Małecka-Massalska, Dariusz Sagan
IntroductionMicroRNA (miRNA) are attractive markers of lung cancer, due to their regulatory role in cell cycle. However, we know more about function of miRNA in cancer development, there is still little known about role of their precursors (primary miRNA; pri-miRNA) in tumorgenesis. In present study we investigated potential role of miRNA-944 and its precursor pri-miRNA-944 in development of squamous-cell lung cancer (SCC) and explored interdependence between miRNA precursor and its mature form. This is a first available literature report analyzing pri-miRNA as a cancer diagnostic marker.Material and methodsExpression of miRNA-944 and its precursor was analyzed in 58 fresh-frozen tissues of non-small cell lung cancer and corresponding adjacent non-cancerous tissues using qRT-PCR. Expression of pri-miRNA-944 was correlated with TP63 and miRNA-944. Using ROC analysis diagnostic accuracy of studied markers was evaluated.ResultsmiRNA-944 and its precursor were significantly overexspressed in SCC compared to adenocarcinoma (AC) and non-cancerous tissue. pri-miRNA-944 strongly and positively correlated with TP63 (r = 0.739, p < 0.001) and with mature miRNA-944 expression (r = 0.691, p < 0.001). Also, TP63 expression significantly correlated with mature miRNA (r = 0.785, p < 0.001). Combined analysis of pri-miRNA-944 and mature miRNA-944 allowed to distinguish SCC tissue form AC with sensitivity of 93.3% and specificity of 100% (AUC = 0.978), and SCC from non-cancerous tissue with 92.9% sensitivity and 100% specificity (AUC = 0.992).ConclusionWe assumed that pri-miRNA-944 and miRNA-944 may be involved in early squamous-type differentiation of lung tumors. Moreover, analysis of both markers provided high diagnostic accuracy for SCC detection.
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Mutant KRAS Circulating Tumor DNA Is an Accurate Tool for Pancreatic Cancer Monitoring
AbstractBackground.Many new pancreatic cancer treatment combinations have been discovered in recent years, yet the prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains grim. The advent of new treatments highlights the need for better monitoring tools for treatment response, to allow a timely switch between different therapeutic regimens. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a tool for cancer detection and characterization with growing clinical use. However, currently, ctDNA is not used for monitoring treatment response. The high prevalence of KRAS hotspot mutations in PDAC suggests that mutant KRAS can be an efficient ctDNA marker for PDAC monitoring.Subjects, Materials, and Methods.Seventeen metastatic PDAC patients were recruited and serial plasma samples were collected. CtDNA was extracted from the plasma, and KRAS mutation analysis was performed using next‐generation sequencing and correlated with serum CA19‐9 levels, imaging, and survival.Results.Plasma KRAS mutations were detected in 5/17 (29.4%) patients. KRAS ctDNA detection was associated with shorter survival (8 vs. 37.5 months). Our results show that, in ctDNA positive patients, ctDNA is at least comparable to CA19‐9 as a marker for monitoring treatment response. Furthermore, the rate of ctDNA change was inversely correlated with survival.Conclusion.Our results confirm that mutant KRAS ctDNA detection in metastatic PDAC patients is a poor prognostic marker. Additionally, we were able to show that mutant KRAS ctDNA analysis can be used to monitor treatment response in PDAC patients and that ctDNA dynamics is associated with survival. We suggest that ctDNA analysis in metastatic PDAC patients is a readily available tool for disease monitoring.Implications for Practice.Avoiding futile chemotherapy in metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients by monitoring response to treatment is of utmost importance. A novel biomarker for monitoring treatment response in PDAC, using mutant KRAS circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), is proposed. Results, although limited by small sample numbers, suggest that ctDNA can be an effective marker for disease monitoring and that ctDNA level over time is a better predictor of survival than the dynamics of the commonly used biomarker CA19‐9. Therefore, ctDNA analysis can be a useful tool for monitoring PDAC treatment response. These results should be further validated in larger sample numbers.
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Prospective Evaluation of the Impact of the 21‐Gene Recurrence Score Assay on Adjuvant Treatment Decisions for Women with Node‐Positive Breast Cancer in Ontario, Canada
AbstractBackground.The 21‐gene Recurrence Score (RS) assay is only reimbursed in Ontario for node‐negative and micrometastatic node‐positive (N+) early‐stage breast cancer (EBC). We carried out a prospective study to evaluate the impact of the assay on treatment decisions for women with N+ EBC.Subjects, Materials, and Methods. Women with estrogen receptor‐positive, human epidermal growth receptor 2‐negative EBC and one to three positive axillary lymph nodes, who were candidates for adjuvant chemotherapy in addition to hormonal treatment, but in whom the benefit of chemotherapy was uncertain, were eligible. The primary objective was to characterize how the results of the RS assay affected physicians' recommendations for adjuvant chemotherapy. Secondary objectives were to characterize changes in the physicians' and patients' level of confidence in treatment recommendations, to determine whether the results of the RS assay affected patients' treatment preferences, and to determine the final treatment administered.Results.Seventy‐two patients were recruited; the mean age was 61. RS was <18 in 55%, between 18 and 30 in 36%, and ≥31 in 9% of patients. Treatment recommendations changed in 36% of all evaluable patients. The most significant change was in the group with a low RS. Physicians' and patients' confidence in treatment recommendations increased in 49% and 54% of cases, respectively. Upfront chemotherapy was recommended to 79% of patients before the assay; 42% ultimately received chemotherapy.Conclusion.The RS assay resulted in a substantial decrease in the number of patients who received chemotherapy and in an increase in physicians' and patients' confidence in the adjuvant treatment recommendations.Implications for Practice.This is the first decision impact study to include exclusively women with ER‐positive, HER2‐negative, early‐stage breast cancer with 1–3 positive lymph nodes, a population typically treated with adjuvant chemotherapy. This study provides evidence that, in these patients, the Oncotype Dx Recurrence Score assay influences systemic treatment decisions. Most of the changes in treatment recommendation resulted in withdrawal of chemotherapy or change in recommendation from a chemotherapy regimen with anthracyclines to a taxane‐only regimen. If prospective studies confirm that these decisions result in good outcomes, a reduction in the use of chemotherapy might result in pharmacoeconomic savings.
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EMA Review of Daratumumab for the Treatment of Adult Patients with Multiple Myeloma
AbstractOn May 20, 2016, a conditional marketing authorization valid through the European Union (EU) was issued for daratumumab as monotherapy for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma, whose prior therapy included a proteasome inhibitor (PI) and an immunomodulatory drug (IMiD) and who had demonstrated disease progression on the last therapy. The review of daratumumab was conducted under the EMA's accelerated assessment program for drugs that are of major interest for public health, especially from the point of view of therapeutic innovation.Daratumumab monotherapy achieved an overall response rate of 29.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 20.8 to 38.9) in patients with multiple myeloma who had received at least three prior lines of therapy (including a PI and IMiD) or were double refractory to a PI and an IMiD (Study MMY2002). In patients with multiple myeloma relapsed from or refractory to two or more different prior therapies, including IMiDs (e.g., thalidomide, lenalidomide) and PI, an overall response was observed in 15 patients (35.7%, 95% CI: 21.6 to 52.0) (Study GEN501).On April 28, 2017, the therapeutic indication was extended to include the use of daratumumab in combination with lenalidomide and dexamethasone, or bortezomib and dexamethasone, for the treatment of adult patients with multiple myeloma who have received at least one prior therapy. This was based on two subsequent phase III studies of daratumumab in combination with lenalidomide/low‐dose dexamethasone (MMY3003) and bortezomib/low dose dexamethasone (MMY3004).The most common side effects (grade 3–4) associated with daratumumab included neutropenia (37%), thrombocytopenia (23%), anemia (16%), pneumonia (10%), lymphopenia (8%), infusion‐related reactions (6%), upper respiratory tract infection (5%), and fatigue (5%).The objective of this study was to summarize the scientific review done by the CHMP of the application leading to regulatory approval in the EU. The full scientific assessment report and product information, including the Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC), are available on the EMA website (http://ift.tt/2nh9lFx for Practice.A conditional Marketing authorization was issued in the European Union for daratumamb as monotherapy for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma, based on the response rate data from two single‐agent studies. Darzalex, a novel monoclonal antibody targeted against CD38, demonstrated a durable response rate in a heavily pre‐treated population with limited treatment options based on the response rate data from two single‐agent studies. The addition of daratumumab to lenalidomide and dexamethasone (study MMY3003), or bortezomib and dexamethasone (MMY3004), demonstrated a positive effect on progression‐free survival in patients with multiple myeloma who had received at least one prior therapy. Following submission of the controlled data of the MMY3003 and MMY3004 studies, the efficacy and safety of daratumumab was confirmed and the approval of daratumumab was converted to standard approval.
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Chemotherapy Toxicity Risk Score for Treatment Decisions in Older Adults with Advanced Solid Tumors
AbstractBackground.The decision whether to treat older adults with advanced cancer with standard therapy (ST) or reduced therapy (RT) is complicated by heterogeneity in aging. We assessed the potential utility of the chemotherapy toxicity risk score (CTRS) [J Clin Oncol 2011;29:3457–3465] for treatment decisions in older adults.Materials and Methods.This was a prospective observational study of patients aged ≥65 years receiving first‐line chemotherapy for advanced cancer for which combination chemotherapy is the standard of care. Patients were categorized as high risk (CTRS ≥10), for whom RT (dose‐reduced combination or single‐agent chemotherapy) is deemed appropriate, or nonhigh risk (CTRS <10), for whom ST is deemed appropriate for toxicity. The primary objective was to estimate the agreement in chemotherapy choice (ST vs. RT) between the treating physician and the CTRS using a κ statistic.Results.Fifty‐eight patients (median age, 71 years) were enrolled. Thirty‐eight patients received ST (21 had CTRS <10, and 17 had CTRS ≥10), and 20 patients received RT (12 had CTRS ≥10, and 8 had CTRS <10), with minimal agreement in chemotherapy choice (κ = 0.14; 95% CI, −0.10 to 0.38). Grade 3–4 toxicity and hospitalization occurred in 60% and 27% of 55 patients with follow‐up data, respectively. Among patients receiving ST, patients with CTRS ≥10 had a higher incidence of toxicity (88% vs. 40%, p = .006) and hospitalization (50% vs. 15%, p = .03) than those with CTRS <10.Conclusion.Older patients with cancer with a high CTRS who receive combination chemotherapy have an exceedingly high rate of severe toxicity and hospitalization.Implications for Practice.The potential utility of the chemotherapy toxicity risk score (CTRS) in old adults with advanced solid tumors receiving first‐line chemotherapy was assessed. Little agreement was found between chemotherapy treatment decisions based on the clinical impression versus what was recommended based on the CTRS. Among patients treated with standard‐dose combination chemotherapy, patients with CTRS ≥10 had a very high incidence of grade 3–4 toxicities and hospitalization, which was significantly greater than that of patients with a low CTRS (<10). These findings suggest that the addition of CTRS to the clinical impression has a potential to improve treatment decisions.
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Serious Illness Conversations: Paving the Road with Metaphors
AbstractSerious illness conversations can influence the direction of care by supporting decision‐making compatible with the patient's goals. Effective use of core communication techniques, such as active listening and empathic statements, allows for a deeper understanding of the patients' goals, concerns, communication preferences, and questions. Metaphors can be used to augment end‐of‐life care planning. Used inappropriately, metaphors can cause misunderstandings and confusion. Applied skillfully, metaphors can personalize challenging discussions, improving patient comprehension and helping patients and their families to plan ahead. The art of communication is to use the right tool for the right person at the right time.Implications for Practice.Discussions with patients about serious illness concerns are especially challenging for the oncologist. This article provides guidance for preparing for such conversations, including examples of the use of metaphors to personalize and improve communication.
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Chemoprevention in Patients with Peutz‐Jeghers Syndrome: Lessons Learned
AbstractLessons Learned. Motivating patients to enroll in chemopreventive studies is challenging.Chemoprevention with toxic drugs is not feasible.Background.LKB1 mutations are the underlying genetic abnormality causing Peutz‐Jeghers syndrome (PJS) and are a potential target for everolimus. In this phase II study, the efficacy of everolimus on polyp and tumor growth in PJS patients was investigated.Methods.Adult patients with a proven LKB1 mutation and who were suitable for everolimus treatment were included in two different PJS cohorts: (a) patients with unresectable malignancies and (b) patients with high‐risk polyps. Treatment in both groups was oral everolimus, 10 mg daily. Response rates were primary endpoints for both cohorts.Results.Between October 2011 and April 2016, only two patients were enrolled, one in each cohort. A 49‐year‐old patient with advanced pancreatic cancer in cohort 1 was progressive after 2 months. A 52‐year‐old male patient in cohort 2 experienced severe toxicity and refused treatment after 4 months, even though endoscopy suggested stabilization of polyps. Adverse events included dental inflammations, mucositis, and rash. In 2016, the trial was aborted for lack of accrual, despite extensive accrual efforts in an area where PJS is highly prevalent and care is highly centralized.Conclusion.Due to accrual problems, no conclusions can be drawn about the value of everolimus in PJS treatment, questioning the feasibility of this agent for chemoprevention.
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Single Arm, Phase II Study of Cisplatin, Docetaxel, and Erlotinib in Patients with Recurrent and/or Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas
AbstractLessons Learned. The combination of cisplatin, docetaxel, and erlotinib as frontline treatment for recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinomas led to a response rate of 62%.This result exceeded the prespecified target response rate of 50% and represented an improvement compared with historical controls.This regimen warrants further investigation.Background.The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a key role in the carcinogenesis of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). We conducted this clinical study to test the hypothesis that the addition of erlotinib to first‐line cisplatin and docetaxel for patients with recurrent and/or metastatic HNSCC would yield a response rate of at least 50%, representing an improvement from historical controls.Methods.Patients with recurrent and/or metastatic HNSCC, with at least one measurable lesion, no prior chemotherapy for recurrent and/or metastatic disease, prior combined modality therapy completed >6 months before enrollment, and performance status ≤2 were treated with cisplatin, docetaxel, and erlotinib for up to six cycles, followed by maintenance erlotinib until disease progression. The primary endpoint was response rate.Results.Fifty patients were enrolled (42 male, 12 never smokers, 19 with oropharynx cancer). The median number of cycles was five; 31 patients initiated maintenance erlotinib; 14 patients required erlotinib dose reductions. The objective response rate was 62%, and the median progression‐free and overall survival were 6.1 and 11.0 months, respectively. Toxicity profiles were consistent with the known side effects of the study drugs.Conclusion.The study met its primary endpoint and improved response rates compared with historical controls. The findings support further evaluation of the regimen for recurrent and/or metastatic HNSCCs.
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Preparation and characterization of Na 2 S-modified biochar for nickel removal
Abstract
Biochar has good adsorption ability to various contaminants. In this work, peanut shell, corncob, cotton stalks, and crayfish shell were pyrolyzed under three temperatures (300, 450, 600 °C) to obtain biochars for the removal of Ni2+. The biochars were further modified with 2 mol/L Na2S solution. Characterization results showed that the specific surface area and total pore volume of the modified biochars increased substantially. Among all the adsorbents, the modified corncob biochar (450 °C) showed the best Ni2+ adsorption. The adsorption kinetics followed the Elovich model with an equilibrium time of 24 h. The maximum capacity of the modified biochar reached 15.40 mg/g. The adsorption process was affected by pH, temperature, and coexisting ions. Increasing pH (under 7) provided more adsorption sites which enhanced adsorption capacity. Experimental results also indicated that the main adsorption mechanism of Ni2+ was ion exchange. Findings from this work suggest that modified biochar can be used as an effective adsorbent for the removal of Ni2+ from wastewater.
Graphical abstract
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Nurses at the Bedside-Who Will Be Left to Care?.
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Prioritizing Care Despite Personal Judgments.
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Nursing Students and Ethical Development.
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Involving Nursing Assistants in Nursing Home QI.
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Nurse-Led Health Clinics Show Positive Outcomes.
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NewsCAP: The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) calls for interventions to reduce cancer deaths from alcohol.
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Publication date: September 2017 Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Volume 110 Author(s): Lucía Fernández-del-Río, Anish Nag, Elen...
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Abstract Noise pollution is a major factor of environmental complaints in many cities, which has significant impacts on human health. As a...
