If you build it, will they eat it? Consumer preferences for plant-based and cultured meat burgers

Publication date: 1 June 2018
Source:Appetite, Volume 125
Author(s): Peter Slade
In a hypothetical choice experiment consumers were given the option of purchasing burgers that were made from beef, plant-based protein, or cultured meat. Willingness to purchase plant-based and cultured meat burgers is linked to age, sex, views of other food technologies, and attitudes towards the environment and agriculture. Although consumers were told that all burgers tasted the same, there was a marked preference for beef burgers. A mixed-logit model predicts that, if prices were equal, 65% of consumers would purchase the beef burger, 21% would purchase the plant-based burger, 11% would purchase the cultured meat burger, and 4% would make no purchase. Preferences for plant-based and cultured meat burgers are found to be highly, but not perfectly, correlated.



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Local Anesthetic−Induced Methemoglobinemia During Pregnancy: A Case Report and Evaluation of Treatment Options

Publication date: Available online 5 March 2018
Source:The Journal of Emergency Medicine
Author(s): Andrew C. Faust, Emily Guy, Nidhu Baby, Anthony Ortegon
BackgroundMethemoglobinemia is a well-recognized adverse drug reaction related to the use of certain local anesthetic agents. The mainstay of treatment for methemoglobinemia is i.v. methylene blue, along with provision of supplemental oxygen; however, methylene blue is listed as a category X teratogen. This poses an issue should methemoglobinemia develop during pregnancy.Case ReportA 35-year-old, 20-week and 5-day gravid female was transferred from an outpatient oral surgeon's office for hypoxia. She was undergoing extraction of 28 teeth and was administered an unknown, but "large" quantity of prilocaine during the procedure. Given this exposure, the concern was for methemoglobinemia. This was confirmed with co-oximetry, which showed 34.7% methemoglobin. The initial treatment plan was methylene blue; however, this drug is a category X teratogen. Thus, an interdisciplinary team deliberated and decided on treatment with high-dose ascorbic acid and transfusion of a single unit of packed red blood cells. The patient was managed with noninvasive ventilation strategies and a total of 8 g ascorbic acid. She was discharged on hospital day 3 with no obstetric issues noted.Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This?Intravenous ascorbic acid appears to be a potential alternative to methylene blue in this patient population. The data surrounding teratogenicity of methylene blue are mostly related to intra-amniotic or intra-uterine administration. In life-threatening cases of methemoglobinemia during pregnancy, the benefits of i.v. methylene blue may outweigh the risks.



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Oral Nitroglycerin Solution May Be Effective for Esophageal Food Impaction

Publication date: Available online 5 March 2018
Source:The Journal of Emergency Medicine
Author(s): Benjamin A. Willenbring, Callie K. Schnitker, Samuel J. Stellpflug
BackgroundEsophageal food impaction is a common illness presenting to emergency departments (ED), and is frequently resistant to pharmacologic therapy. Several medications have been promoted for this indication, but so far have not proven effective. Endoscopic removal is frequently required to resolve the impaction, resulting in risks from anesthesia and the physical procedure, and in prolonged hospital stay for recovery. Oral nitroglycerin solution was recently used in two such cases and may represent a new therapeutic option.Case ReportsA 49-year-old man presented to an ED with dysphagia 30 min after eating steak. He was given 0.4 mg nitroglycerin dissolved in 10 mL tap water orally, and obtained complete relief of symptoms within 2 min. A 43-year-old man with eosinophilic esophagitis and two prior food impaction episodes presented to a community ED with dysphagia and epigastric discomfort 110 min after eating steak. Five hours after symptom onset and after failure of intravenous glucagon, he was given 0.4 mg nitroglycerin sublingually, which resulted in headache but no relief in dysphagia. Twenty-nine minutes later he received 0.4 mg nitroglycerin solution, as above, with symptom resolution within 2 min.Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This?The cases presented above demonstrate close temporal relationships between administration of oral nitroglycerin solution and symptom relief. Oral nitroglycerin solution for esophageal food impaction seemed effective in these cases, but further research on this therapeutic option is warranted.



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Uncertainties in models of tropospheric ozone based on Monte Carlo analysis: Tropospheric ozone burdens, atmospheric lifetimes and surface distributions

Publication date: May 2018
Source:Atmospheric Environment, Volume 180
Author(s): Richard G. Derwent, David D. Parrish, Ian E. Galbally, David S. Stevenson, Ruth M. Doherty, Vaishali Naik, Paul J. Young
Recognising that global tropospheric ozone models have many uncertain input parameters, an attempt has been made to employ Monte Carlo sampling to quantify the uncertainties in model output that arise from global tropospheric ozone precursor emissions and from ozone production and destruction in a global Lagrangian chemistry-transport model. Ninety eight quasi-randomly Monte Carlo sampled model runs were completed and the uncertainties were quantified in tropospheric burdens and lifetimes of ozone, carbon monoxide and methane, together with the surface distribution and seasonal cycle in ozone. The results have shown a satisfactory degree of convergence and provide a first estimate of the likely uncertainties in tropospheric ozone model outputs. There are likely to be diminishing returns in carrying out many more Monte Carlo runs in order to refine further these outputs. Uncertainties due to model formulation were separately addressed using the results from 14 Atmospheric Chemistry Coupled Climate Model Intercomparison Project (ACCMIP) chemistry-climate models. The 95% confidence ranges surrounding the ACCMIP model burdens and lifetimes for ozone, carbon monoxide and methane were somewhat smaller than for the Monte Carlo estimates. This reflected the situation where the ACCMIP models used harmonised emissions data and differed only in their meteorological data and model formulations whereas a conscious effort was made to describe the uncertainties in the ozone precursor emissions and in the kinetic and photochemical data in the Monte Carlo runs. Attention was focussed on the model predictions of the ozone seasonal cycles at three marine boundary layer stations: Mace Head, Ireland, Trinidad Head, California and Cape Grim, Tasmania. Despite comprehensively addressing the uncertainties due to global emissions and ozone sources and sinks, none of the Monte Carlo runs were able to generate seasonal cycles that matched the observations at all three MBL stations. Although the observed seasonal cycles were found to fall within the confidence limits of the ACCMIP members, this was because the model seasonal cycles spanned extremely wide ranges and there was no single ACCMIP member that performed best for each station. Further work is required to examine the parameterisation of convective mixing in the models to see if this erodes the isolation of the marine boundary layer from the free troposphere and thus hides the models' real ability to reproduce ozone seasonal cycles over marine stations.



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Potential impacts of climate change and adaptation strategies for sunflower in Pakistan

Abstract

Growth, development, and economic yield of agricultural crops rely on moisture, temperature, light, and carbon dioxide concentration. However, the amount of these parameters is varying with time due to climate change. Climate change is factual and ongoing so, first principle of agronomy should be to identify climate change potential impacts and adaptation measures to manage the susceptibilities of agricultural sector. Crop models have ability to predict the crop's yield under changing climatic conditions. We used OILCROP-SUN model to simulate the influence of elevated temperature and CO₂ on crop growth duration, maximum leaf area index (LAI), total dry matter (TDM), and achene yield of sunflower under semi-arid conditions of Pakistan (Faisalabad, Punjab). The model was calibrated and validated with the experimental data of 2012 and 2013, respectively. The simulation results showed that phenological events of sunflower were not changed at higher concentration of CO₂ (430 and 550 ppm). However LAI, achene yield, and TDM increased by 0.24, 2.41, and 4.67% at 430 ppm and by 0.48, 3.09, and 9.87% at 550 ppm, respectively. Increased temperature (1 and 2 °C) reduced the sunflower duration to remain green that finally led to less LAI, achene yield, and TDM as compared to present conditions. However, the drastic effects of increased temperature on sunflower were reduced to some extent at 550 ppm CO₂ concentration. Evaluation of different adaptation options revealed that 21 days earlier (as compared to current sowing date) planting of sunflower crop with increased plant population (83,333 plants ha⁻¹) could reduce the yield losses due to climate change. Flowering is the most critical stage of sunflower to water scarcity. We recommended skipping second irrigation or 10% (337.5 mm) less irrigation water application to conserve moisture under possible water scarce conditions of 2025 and 2050.

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Marginal discrepancy of CAD-CAM complete-arch fixed implant-supported frameworks

Publication date: Available online 21 February 2018
Source:The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Author(s): Burak Yilmaz, Ediz Kale, William M. Johnston
Statement of problemComputer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) high-density polymers (HDPs) have recently been marketed for the fabrication of long-term interim implant-supported fixed prostheses. However, information regarding the precision of fit of CAD-CAM HDP implant-supported complete-arch screw-retained prostheses is scarce.PurposeThe purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the marginal discrepancy of CAD-CAM HDP complete-arch implant-supported screw-retained fixed prosthesis frameworks and compare them with conventional titanium (Ti) and zirconia (Zir) frameworks.Material and methodsA screw-retained complete-arch acrylic resin prototype with multiunit abutments was fabricated on a typodont model with 2 straight implants in the anterior region and 2 implants with a 30-degree distal tilt in the posterior region. A 3-dimensional (3D) laboratory laser scanner was used to digitize the typodont model with scan bodies and the resin prototype to generate a virtual 3D CAD framework. A CAM milling unit was used to fabricate 5 frameworks from HDP, Ti, and Zir blocks. The 1-screw test was performed by tightening the prosthetic screw in the maxillary left first molar abutment (terminal location) when the frameworks were on the typodont model, and the marginal discrepancy of frameworks was evaluated using an industrial computed tomographic scanner and a 3D volumetric software. The 3D marginal discrepancy at the abutment-framework interface of the maxillary left canine (L1), right canine (L2), and right first molar (L3) sites was measured. The mean values for 3D marginal discrepancy were calculated for each location in a group with 95% confidence limits. The results were analyzed by repeated-measures 2-way ANOVA using the restricted maximum likelihood estimation and the Satterthwaite degrees of freedom methods, which do not require normality and homoscedasticity in the data. The between-subjects factor was material, the within-subjects factor was location, and the interaction was included in the model. Tukey tests were applied to resolve any statistically significant source of variation (overall α=.05).ResultsThe 3D marginal discrepancy measurement was possible only for L2 and L3 because the L1 values were too small to detect. The mean discrepancy values at L2 were 60 μm for HDP, 74 μm for Ti, and 84 μm for Zir. At the L3 location, the mean discrepancy values were 55 μm for HDP, 102 μm for Ti, and 94 μm for Zir. The ANOVA did not find a statistically significant overall effect for implant location (P=.072) or a statistically significant interaction of location and material (P=.078), but it did find a statistically significant overall effect of material (P=.019). Statistical differences were found overall between HDP and the other 2 materials (P≤.037).ConclusionsWhen the tested materials were used with the CAD-CAM system, the 3D marginal discrepancy of CAD-CAM HDP frameworks was smaller than that of titanium or zirconia frameworks.



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Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and diametrical tensile strength of an interim cement modified with zinc oxide nanoparticles and terpenes: An in vitro study

Publication date: Available online 21 February 2018
Source:The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Author(s): Verónica Andrade, Alejandra Martínez, Ninón Rojas, Helia Bello-Toledo, Paulo Flores, Gabriela Sánchez-Sanhueza, Alfonso Catalán
Statement of problemInterim restorations are occasionally left in the mouth for extended periods and are susceptible to bacterial infiltration. Thus, dental interim cements with antibacterial properties are required.PurposeThe purpose of this in vitro study was to determine in vitro antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and to compare the diametrical tensile strength (DTSs) of dental interim cement modified with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) with that of cement modified with terpenes.Material and methodsAntibacterial properties of ZnO-NPs, terpenes, and dental interim cement modified with ZnO-NPs and cement modified with terpenes against S mutans were tested according to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and direct contact inhibition (DCI). Tensile strength levels were evaluated using DTS. Results were analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov, ANOVA, and Tamhane tests (α=.05).ResultsThe MICs of ZnO-NPs and terpenes against S mutans were 61.94 μg/g and 0.25% v/v, respectively. The DCI assay under the cylinders of cement (area of contact with the agar surface) revealed significant bacterial growth inhibition on Temp-Bond NE specimens with ZnO-NPs at MIC of 495.2 μg/g (8× MIC) and with terpenes at MIC 0.999% v/v (4× MIC) (P<.05). The Temp-Bond NE cement cylinder (control group) showed the lowest DTS (1.05 ±0.27 MPa) of all other test groups. In the Zn-NPs group, the greatest increase occurred in the NP8 (8× MIC; 495.2 μg/g) group with a value of 1.50 ±0.23 MPa, a significant increase in DTS compared with the control and terpene groups (P<.05). In the terpene group, the highest increase corresponded to group T2 (2× MIC; 0.4995% v/v) with a value of 1.29 ±0.18 MPa.ConclusionsThe addition of terpenes and ZnO-NPs to interim cement showed antibacterial activity when in contact with S. mutans ATCC 25175. Both terpenes and ZnO-NPs antimicrobial agents increased diametral tensile strength.



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Three-dimensional comparative study on the accuracy and reproducibility of dental casts fabricated by 3D printers

Publication date: Available online 21 February 2018
Source:The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Author(s): Mid-Eum Park, Soo-Yeon Shin
Statement of problemStudies investigating the precision of 3-dimensional (3D) printed casts for fixed prosthodontics are scarce.PurposeThe purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the accuracy and reproducibility of dental casts made by the conventional method and by 3D printing.Material and methodsA master model was designed and fabricated with polyetherketoneketone. Ten specimens were fabricated with Type IV dental stone with polyvinyl siloxane. A light scanner was used to scan the master model, and the data were converted to standard tessellation language (STL) files. Three different types of 3D printers (Objet EDEN260V, ProMaker D35, and LC-3Dprint) were used to make 10 specimens each. All specimens were scanned by the light scanner, and the scanned files were superimposed on the files of the master model with specialized software to analyze the volumetric changes. The Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U tests, and Bonferroni method were performed with statistical analysis software (α=.05).ResultsThe volumetric changes in casts made by the conventional method and by the 3D printers were significantly different. The conventional casts showed smaller volumetric change than the 3D-printed casts. Significant differences (P<.05) were found among the different types of 3D printers. The ultraviolet-polymerizing polymer with digital light processing exhibited the smallest volumetric change. In 3D color maps, the deformations were in similar patterns with all the 3D printers.ConclusionsThe conventional method of die fabrication was more reliable than that of 3D printers.



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Direct 3D printing of silicone facial prostheses: A preliminary experience in digital workflow

Publication date: Available online 21 February 2018
Source:The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Author(s): Alexey Unkovskiy, Sebastian Spintzyk, Joern Brom, Fabian Huettig, Constanze Keutel
Direct silicone printing may be applied to the fabrication of maxillofacial prostheses, although its clinical feasibility is unknown. The present clinical report shows an early application of a directly printed silicone prosthesis for the rehabilitation of a nasal defect. Two extraoral scanning systems were used to capture the face and the defect. The virtual construction of the nasal prosthesis was performed with free-form software. Two prostheses were printed in silicone and post-processed by manual sealing and coloring. The clinical outcome was acceptable for an interim prosthesis; however, the marginal adaptation and color match were not satisfactory without further individualization.



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News and Notes

Publication date: February 2018
Source:The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, Volume 119, Issue 2





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The history of The Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms

Publication date: Available online 21 February 2018
Source:The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Author(s): Steven M. Morgano, Clifford W. VanBlarcom, Keith J. Ferro, David W. Bartlett




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An alternative topical anesthesia technique for prosthetic implant procedures

Publication date: Available online 21 February 2018
Source:The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Author(s): Ju-Hyoung Lee




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Effect of thickness of monolithic zirconia ceramic on final color

Publication date: Available online 21 February 2018
Source:The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Author(s): Farhad Tabatabaian, Ehsan Motamedi, Mahasti Sahabi, Hassan Torabzadeh, Mahshid Namdari
Statement of problemAchieving excellent esthetics with monolithic zirconia restorations is challenging, and the impact of monolithic zirconia thickness on the final color is unclear.PurposeThe purpose of this in vitro study was to assess the effect of thickness of monolithic zirconia ceramic on its final color and to define the minimum thickness needed to gain an acceptable final color.Material and methodsSixty monolithic zirconia disk specimens with a 10-mm diameter and 3 different thicknesses (0.7, 0.9, and 1.1 mm) were fabricated from 2 zirconia brands. The specimens were divided into 6 groups of 10 based on the thickness and brand. All the specimens were colored with an A2 shade liquid. The specimens were placed on an A4 shade substrate, and their CIELab values were measured with a spectrophotometer. ΔE values were calculated to determine color differences between the specimens and the A2 VITA classical shade tab. The ΔE values were compared with an acceptability threshold (ΔE=3.3). Two-way ANOVA, the Bonferroni test, and 1-sample t test were used to analyze data (α=.05).ResultsMean ΔE values ranged between 2.4 and 4.1. The zirconia thickness affected the ΔE (P<.001); however, the zirconia brand did not affect the ΔE (P=.059). The mean ΔE values for the zirconia thickness of 0.7 mm for both brands were more than the threshold (P<.05).ConclusionsThe thickness of monolithic zirconia ceramic affected its final color. The minimum thickness of a monolithic zirconia ceramic should be 0.9 mm to gain the acceptable final color.



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A technique for obtaining flawless cast-to-implant custom abutments

Publication date: Available online 21 February 2018
Source:The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Author(s): William E. Dinse, Robert F. Robinson




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Evaluation of the success rate of cone beam computed tomography in determining the location and direction of screw access holes in cement-retained implant-supported prostheses: An in vitro study

Publication date: Available online 21 February 2018
Source:The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Author(s): Hamid Neshandar Asli, Zahra Dalili Kajan, Fatemeh Gholizade
Statement of problemCement-retained implant-supported restorations have advantages over screw-retained restorations but are difficult to retrieve. Identifying the approximate location of the screw access hole (SAH) may reduce damage to the prosthesis.PurposeThe purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the ability of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging to determine the location and direction of SAHs in cement-retained implant prostheses.Material and methodsFive clear acrylic resin casts were made based on a mandibular model. Several implant osteotomies (n=30) were created on the models with surgical burs, and crowns were made using the standard laboratory method with a transfer coping and the closed tray impression technique. CBCT images from the acrylic resin casts were evaluated by a maxillofacial radiologist who was blind to the locations and angles of the osteotomies. The locations of the access holes were determined on multiplanar reconstruction images and transferred to the clinical crown surface as defined points. Based on cross-sectional images, the predicted angle of the access hole was provided to a prosthodontist who was requested to pierce the crown at the proposed location in the specified direction. If the location and/or direction of the access hole were found, the process was considered successful, as the crown could then be removed from the implant abutment through the SAH. The success rate in the detection of the location and direction of the SAH was calculated, and chi-square and Fisher exact tests were applied for data analysis (α=.05).ResultsAccording to the results of this study, the success rate of CBCT to define the location of SAHs was 83.3% and 80% to determine the direction. No significant differences were found among the different dental groups in determination of the location (P=.79) or the direction (P=.53) of the SAHs. Most of the failures in determining the location and direction of the access hole in the buccolingual and mesiodistal directions were in the buccal and mesial locations of the SAH. The success rate of using CBCT to determine the location of SAHs in straight abutments was 100%. A significant difference was found between angled and straight abutments (P=.042).ConclusionsUsing CBCT could help determine the direction and location of SAHs in clinical situations.



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Translucency of IPS e.max and cubic zirconia monolithic crowns

Publication date: Available online 21 February 2018
Source:The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Author(s): Paolo Baldissara, Vinícius Felipe Wandscher, Ana Maria Estivalete Marchionatti, Candida Parisi, Carlo Monaco, Leonardo Ciocca
Statement of problemAlthough several monolithic zirconia ceramics have recently been introduced, the need for improved optical properties remains. The newest cubic-zirconia has been claimed to have optimal translucency characteristics for esthetic restorations.PurposeThis in vitro study evaluated the optical properties of novel cubic ultratranslucent (UT) and supertranslucent (ST) zirconia by comparing them with lithium disilicate (L-DIS) glass-ceramic for the manufacture of monolithic computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) molar crowns.Material and methodsThe UT and ST multilayered zirconia and the low-translucency grade L-DIS were milled. Eighty monolithic crowns were made from 2 CAD files, corresponding to thicknesses of 1.0 and 1.5 mm, and subdivided (n=20) into 4 groups: UT1.0, UT1.5, ST1.0, and L-DIS1.5. All groups were shaded using A2 color standard. Translucency of the crowns was measured by total transmission, using a photoradiometer in a dark chamber; furthermore, the contrast ratio was analyzed using a dental spectrophotometer applied to the buccal surface of the crowns. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc multiple Mann-Whitney U tests with Bonferroni correction (α=.05 divided by the number of tests performed in each set).ResultsWhen the ceramic types were analyzed, using total transmission and contrast methods, they showed significantly different translucency levels: UT1.0>ST1.0>UT1.5>L-DIS1.5 (total transmission P<.001). Contrast ratio evaluation yielded similar results (P≤.006); however, the differences between ST1.0 and UT1.5 were not significant.ConclusionsBoth the ST1.0 and UT1.0 crowns, even at the maximum thickness tested (UT1.5), showed significantly higher translucency than L-DIS. Zirconia translucency was improved by eliminating the tetragonal phase, which is responsible for the toughening effect; thus, further studies are advocated to investigate the mechanical resistance of cubic zirconia.



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Comparison of digital surface displacements of maxillary dentures based on noninvasive anatomic landmarks

Publication date: Available online 21 February 2018
Source:The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Author(s): Nicholas G. Norvell, Tom V. Korioth, David R. Cagna, Antheunis Versluis
Statement of problemArtificial markers called fiducials are commonly used to orient digitized surfaces for analysis. However, when these markers are tangible and placed in the region of interest, they may alter surface topography and influence data analysis.PurposeThe purpose of this in vitro study was to apply a modified digital surface fitting method based on anatomic landmarks to evaluate denture accuracy and to use 2 different denture processing techniques to evaluate the method. The goal was to noninvasively measure and describe any surface differences in denture processing techniques at the intaglio and denture tooth levels.Material and methodsTwenty standardized maxillary complete dentures were waxed on standardized edentulous casts and processed by using acrylic resin compression (COM, n=10) and injection molding (INJ, n=10) methods. Digital scans were recorded of the anatomic surface of the cast, the intaglio and cameo surfaces of the acrylic resin dentures, and the cameo surface of the wax dentures. Three anatomic fiducials were identified on denture intaglio and cast scans and 4 on the cameo surfaces of waxed and acrylic resin denture scans. These fiducials were then used to digitally align the anatomic with the processed intaglio surfaces and the waxed with the processed cameo surfaces. Surface displacements were compared among processed dentures expressed at specific points (9 tissue landmarks and 8 tooth landmarks). The accuracy of surface displacements was assessed by changes in the number and location of anatomic fiducials. The scanning precision and the intraobserver repeatability in the selection of dental landmarks were also determined. For each landmark, the spatial (x, y, and z) mean differences between the 2 processing techniques were calculated for the intaglio and the cameo surfaces and presented on each orthogonal plane. Statistical nonparametric comparison of these means was analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U test (α=.05). Benjamini-Hochberg corrections for multiple comparisons were used.ResultsChanging the number and the location of anatomic landmarks had a small effect on the precision of the surface fitting. Repeated scans yielded high precision levels. In contrast, intraobserver repeatability had a larger error. In general, injection-molded dentures showed less displacement after polymerization than did the compression-molded ones. These differences were more substantial at the denture tooth level than on the intaglio surfaces.ConclusionsAnatomic noninvasive fiducials chosen at distinct locations of maxillary edentulous areas seem to be reliable markers for the superposition of corresponding digital surface scans. Maxillary dentures processed with the injection molding technique have minimal deformation. Posterior denture teeth displace in 3 dimensions with the compression molding technique.



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Scanning of root canal impression for the fabrication of a resin CAD-CAM-customized post-and-core

Publication date: Available online 21 February 2018
Source:The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Author(s): Denis Roberto Falcão Spina, Rogério Goulart da Costa, Gisele Maria Correr, Rodrigo Nunes Rached
Customization of post-and-cores using computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) requires the scanning of a pattern and the subsequent digital design. This technique describes a method of fabricating a CAD-CAM-customized post-and-core designed from a scanned polyvinyl siloxane impression and milled from a nanoparticle/nanocluster-filled resin block. The polyvinyl siloxane impression allowed a faster and more efficient customization of the CAD-CAM post-and-core than a conventional acrylic resin pattern. The properties of the nanoparticle/nanocluster filled resin block make the material suitable for chairside CAD-CAM post-and-core fabrication.



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Modification of clinically short Locator abutments using laser welding

Publication date: Available online 21 February 2018
Source:The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Author(s): Faris Z. Jamjoom, Damian J. Lee
As dental implants continue to survive longer, managing and maintaining implant prostheses can be complicated by the lack of compatible parts or the discontinuation of implant systems. This report describes a laser welding procedure for the management of clinically short Locator abutments (Zest Anchors Inc) that lacked a commercially available, compatible alternative.



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Diagnosis and treatment of orofacial pain in a patient with unserviceable complete dentures: A clinical report

Publication date: Available online 21 February 2018
Source:The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Author(s): Audrey M. Selecman, Swati A. Ahuja
An ill-fitting complete denture has the potential to create pain and discomfort as well as conceal or confound the diagnosis of other primary sources of orofacial pain such as trigeminal neuralgia. Guidelines of the American Academy of Orofacial Pain offer an evidence-based approach for the assessment, diagnosis, and management of orofacial pain. A complete and accurate differential diagnosis is paramount to the success of treatment as well as to the circumvention of unnecessary therapy. The purpose of this clinical report was to emphasize an evidence-based approach to the diagnosis and treatment of orofacial pain in a patient with edentulism and a history of prolonged denture wear.



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Multidisciplinary management of a partially edentulous patient with oromandibular dystonia: A clinical report

Publication date: Available online 21 February 2018
Source:The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Author(s): Olcay Sakar, Zeliha Matur, Zeynep Mumcu, Pinar Sesen, Emre Oge
Oromandibular dystonia (OMD) is defined as a subset of movement disorders characterized by involuntary muscle contraction in different parts of the oromandibular region. This clinical report presents a multidisciplinary approach to the management of a patient with OMD. The involuntary movement of her mandible and tongue was improved with a mandibular custom occlusal splint and maxillary modified removable complete denture together with botulinum toxin A injections.



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Virtually guided alveolar ridge reduction combined with computer-aided implant placement for a bimaxillary implant-supported rehabilitation: A clinical report

Publication date: Available online 21 February 2018
Source:The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Author(s): Mario Beretta, Pier Paolo Poli, Sebastian Tansella, Carlo Maiorana
Insufficient crown height space, particularly in the interforaminal region of edentulous ridges with knife-edge morphology, may prevent successful prosthetic rehabilitation. Such conditions require osteoplasty, which might complicate computer-guided implant placement. This clinical report illustrates the treatment of a patient with complete edentulism rehabilitated with a mandibular implant-supported fixed dental prosthesis by using a virtually guided approach. Both alveolar ridge reduction and prosthetically driven implant insertions were computer-guided by surgical stents to increase accuracy and predictability. This approach enabled the immediate loading of the implants with an interim prosthesis before the delivery of a definitive screw-retained fixed prosthesis. At the 1-year follow-up visit, clinical and radiographic examination revealed a stable outcome.



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Effect of feldspathic porcelain layering on the marginal fit of zirconia and titanium complete-arch fixed implant-supported frameworks

Publication date: Available online 6 February 2018
Source:The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry
Author(s): Burak Yilmaz, Faris A. Alshahrani, Ediz Kale, William M. Johnston
Statement of problemVeneering with porcelain may adversely affect the marginal fit of long-span computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) implant-supported fixed prostheses. Moreover, data regarding the precision of fit of CAD-CAM–fabricated implant-supported complete zirconia fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) before and after porcelain layering are limited.PurposeThe purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of porcelain layering on the marginal fit of CAD-CAM–fabricated complete-arch implant-supported, screw-retained FDPs with presintered zirconia frameworks compared with titanium.Material and methodsAn autopolymerizing acrylic resin–fixed complete denture framework prototype was fabricated on an edentulous typodont master model (all-on-4 concept; Nobel Biocare) with 2 straight in the anterior and 2 distally tilted internal-hexagon dental implants in the posterior with multiunit abutments bilaterally in canine and first molar locations. A 3-dimensional (3D) laser scanner (S600 ARTI; Zirkonzahn) was used to digitize the prototype and the master model by using scan bodies to generate a virtual 3D CAD framework. Five presintered zirconia (ICE Zirkon Translucent - 95H16; Zirkonzahn) and 5 titanium (Titan 5 - 95H14; Zirkonzahn) frameworks were fabricated using the CAM milling unit (M1 Wet Heavy Metal Milling Unit; Zirkonzahn).The 1-screw test was applied by fixing the frameworks at the location of the maxillary left first molar abutment, and an industrial computed tomography (CT) scanner (XT H 225 - Basic Configuration; Nikon) was used to scan the framework-model complex to evaluate the passive fit of the frameworks on the master model. The scanned data were transported in standard tessellation language (STL) from Volume Graphics analysis software to PolyWorks analysis software by using the maximum-fit algorithm to fit scanned planes in order to mimic the mating surfaces in the best way. 3D virtual assessment of the marginal fit was performed at the abutment-framework interface at the maxillary right canine (gap 3) and right first molar (gap 4) abutments without prosthetic screws. The facial or buccal aspects of the teeth on frameworks were layered with corresponding porcelain (Initial Dental Ceramic System; GC) and CT-scanned again using the same protocol. Marginal fit measurements were made for 4 groups: titanium (Ti) (control), porcelain-layered titanium (Ti-P) (control), zirconia (Zr), and porcelain-layered zirconia (Zr-P). 3D discrepancy mean values were computed and calculated, and the results were analyzed with a repeated measures 3-way ANOVA using the maximum likelihood estimation method and Bonferroni adjustments for selected pairwise comparison t-tests (α=.05).ResultsThe 3D fit was measured at gap 3 and gap 4. Statistically significant differences in mean 3D discrepancies were observed between Zr-P (175 μm) and Zr (89 μm) and between Zr-P and Ti-P (71 μm) (P<.001).ConclusionsPorcelain layering had a significant effect on the marginal fit of CAD-CAM–fabricated complete-arch implant-supported, screw-retained FDPs with partially sintered zirconia frameworks. 3D marginal discrepancy mean values for all groups were within clinically acceptable limits (<120 μm), except for the layered zirconia framework.



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Editorial Board

Publication date: February 2018
Source:The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, Volume 119, Issue 2





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Sponsoring Organizations and Liaisons

Publication date: February 2018
Source:The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, Volume 119, Issue 2





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Alteration in intrinsic and extrinsic functional connectivity of resting state networks associated with subclinical hypothyroid

Abstract

Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is characterized by mild elevation of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) (range 5-10 μIU/ml) and normal free triiodothyronine (FT3) and free thyroxine (FT4). The cognitive function impairment is well known in thyroid disorders such as hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism, but little is known about deficits in brain functions in SCH subjects. Also, whether hormone-replacement treatment is necessary or not in SCH subjects is still debatable. In order to have an insight into the cognition of SCH subjects, intrinsic and extrinsic functional connectivity (FC) of the resting state networks (RSNs) was studied. For resting state data analysis we used an unbiased, data-driven approach based on Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and dual-regression that can emphasize widespread changes in FC without restricting to a set of predefined seeds. 28 SCH subjects and 28 matched healthy controls (HC) participated in the study. RSN analysis showed significantly decreased intrinsic FC in somato-motor network (SMN) and right fronto-parietal attention network (RAN) and increased intrinsic FC in default mode network (DMN) in SCH subjects as compared to control subjects. The reduced intrinsic FC in the SMN and RAN suggests neuro-cognitive alterations in SCH subjects in the corresponding functions which were also evident from the deficit in the neuropsychological performance of the SCH subjects on behavioural tests such as digit span, delayed recall, visual retention, recognition, Bender Gestalt and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). We also found a significant reduction in extrinsic network FC between DMN and RAN; SMN and posterior default mode network (PDMN); and increased extrinsic FC between SMN and anterior default mode network (ADMN) in SCH subjects as compared to controls. An altered extrinsic FC in SCH suggests functional reorganization in response to neurological disruption. The partial correlation analysis between intrinsic and extrinsic RSNs FC and neuropsychological performances as well as clinical indices give interesting insights into brain-behavior relationship in SCH subjects.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Cosmetics, Vol. 5, Pages 21: Bioactive Peptides: Applications and Relevance for Cosmeceuticals

Cosmetics, Vol. 5, Pages 21: Bioactive Peptides: Applications and Relevance for Cosmeceuticals

Cosmetics doi: 10.3390/cosmetics5010021

Authors: Tamyres Lima Carla Pedriali Moraes

Peptides found in skin can act by different mechanisms of action, being able to function as epidermal or nervous growth factors or even as neurotransmitters. Due to the vast functionality of these compounds, there is growing research on bioactive peptides aimed at investigating their uses in products developed for stimulating collagen and elastin synthesis and improving skin healing. Thus, a literature search on applications of the most common bioactive peptides used in cosmeceuticals was carried out. There is a lack of proper reviews concerning this topic in scientific literature. Nine peptides with specific actions on body and facial dysfunctions were described. It could be noted while searching scientific literature that studies aimed at investigating peptides which prevent aging of the skin are overrepresented. This makes searching for peptides designed for treating other skin dysfunctions more difficult. The use of biomimetic peptides in cosmetic formulations aimed at attenuating or preventing different types of skin dysfunctions is a topic where information is still lackluster. Even though research on these compounds is relatively common, there is still a need for more studies concerning their practical uses so their mechanisms of action can be fully elucidated, as they tend to be quite complex.

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Treating the tear trough: A new classification system, a 6-step evaluation procedure, hyaluronic acid injection algorithm, and treatment sequences

Summary

Introduction

The tear trough deformity is commonly requested for correction, most often by filler injections. However, the tear trough remains difficult to treat due to its complex anatomy, a variety of other concurrent deformities, and the high risk of complications.

Objectives

To create a standardized categorization, evaluation, and treatment protocol for the management of tear troughs with fillers.

Methods

(1) Patient deformity profiles are determined using three categories of traits: A (Atrophy), B (Bulging), L (Laxity). (2) A 6-step evaluation process (Tilt, Snap, Smile, Squint, Pull, Push) aids in ABL determination. (3) Treatment is simplified into a comprehensive protocol for each category (with 6 major injection points and a variety of injection depths and volumes).

Results

The author has achieved satisfactory results using the presented protocols, with photographic examples.

Conclusion

The author proposes a comprehensive categorization system that takes into account both the tear trough and other concurrent deformities. The author also presents 6 tests to aid in categorization, and simple protocols with injection sequences, amounts, and depth.

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Scholar : Australian Feminist Law Journal, Volume 43, Issue 2, December 2017 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online

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The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content Australian Feminist Law Journal, Volume 43, Issue 2, December 2017 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online. This new issue contains the following articles: Articles The Ethicality of the Demand for (Trans)parency in Sexual Relations Alex Sharpe Pages: 161-183 | DOI: 10.1080/13200968.2017.1376366 The McGlade Case: A Noongar History of Land, Social Justice and Activism Hannah McGlade Pages: 185-210 | DOI: 10.1080/13200968.2017.1400371 Certifying Pregnancy Loss in Australia: Registration, Recognition, and the Colonial State Laura Griffin Pages: 211-230 | DOI: 10.1080/13200968.2018.1425079 Still Not Being Modern: Law and the Insistence of Myth Peter Fitzpatrick Pages: 231-250 | DOI: 10.1080/13200968.2017.1412237 Naturalising the Myth: Hart, Biopolitics, and the Body Corporate Tara Mulqueen Pages: 251-272 | DOI: 10.1080/13200968.2017.1413704 Tragedy's Law(s): Receiving The Mythology of Modern Law Today Adil Hasan Khan Pages: 273-297 | DOI: 10.1080/13200968.2017.1414574 To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. Unsubscribe from new content alerts for this journal (both new issue and latest article notifications) with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Scholar : These new articles for Commonwealth Law Bulletin are available online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content New for Commonwealth Law Bulletin and online now on Taylor & Francis Online: Original Articles Strengthening the rule of law through technology Steven Malby Pages: 1-11 | DOI: 10.1080/03050718.2017.1436232 To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. Unsubscribe from new content alerts for this journal (both new issue and latest article notifications) with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Scholar : These new articles for Classroom Discourse are available online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content New for Classroom Discourse and online now on Taylor & Francis Online: Original Articles Managing participation in the adult ESL classroom: engagement and exit practices Elizabeth Reddington Pages: 1-18 | DOI: 10.1080/19463014.2018.1433051 To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. Unsubscribe from new content alerts for this journal (both new issue and latest article notifications) with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Scholar : Classroom Discourse, Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online

The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content Classroom Discourse, Volume 9, Issue 1, March 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online. This new issue contains the following articles: Editorial Editorial Olcay Sert, Silvia Kunitz & Numa Markee Pages: 1-2 | DOI: 10.1080/19463014.2018.1437953 Articles Elaborations on L2 interactional competence: the development of L2 grammar-for-interaction Simona Pekarek Doehler Pages: 3-24 | DOI: 10.1080/19463014.2018.1437759 From L2 interactional competence to L2 interactional repertoires: reconceptualising the objects of L2 learning Joan Kelly Hall Pages: 25-39 | DOI: 10.1080/19463014.2018.1433050 Languaging as competencing: considering language learning as enactment John Hellermann Pages: 40-56 | DOI: 10.1080/19463014.2018.1433052 Teaching L2 interactional competence: problems and possibilities Hansun Zhang Waring Pages: 57-67 | DOI: 10.1080/19463014.2018.1434082 Building a semiotic repertoire for social action: interactional competence as biographical discovery Søren W. Eskildsen Pages: 68-76 | DOI: 10.1080/19463014.2018.1437052 To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. Unsubscribe from new content alerts for this journal (both new issue and latest article notifications) with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Scholar : Contemporary French and Francophone Studies, Volume 21, Issue 4, September 2017 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online

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The online platform for Taylor & Francis Online content Contemporary French and Francophone Studies, Volume 21, Issue 4, September 2017 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online. This new issue contains the following articles: Introduction Editors' Introduction Like an animal roaming a devastated land Pages: 339-343 | DOI: 10.1080/17409292.2018.1435448 Articles Michael Sheringham, in memoriam Olivier Penot-Lacassagne Pages: 344-346 | DOI: 10.1080/17409292.2017.1432334 « Une limite au-delà de laquelle est l'inconnu » Bernard Stiegler Pages: 347-350 | DOI: 10.1080/17409292.2017.1432337 Le Paysage comme aire transitionnelle dans l'œuvre de Philippe Jaccottet Michel Collot Pages: 351-359 | DOI: 10.1080/17409292.2017.1432314 Un Matérialisme littéraire. L'Écriture des passages dans Équipée de Victor Segalen Céline Hervet Pages: 360-367 | DOI: 10.1080/17409292.2017.1432320 « Le Pont et la porte » ou le sens du fini Michel Maffesoli Pages: 368-379 | DOI: 10.1080/17409292.2017.1432333 « J'utilise pour écrire les accidents du sol » Jean-Marie Gleize Pages: 380-388 | DOI: 10.1080/17409292.2017.1432319 Seuils et discontinuités chez Michel Foucault : vers un sujet "post-cartésien" ? Jean-Claude Vuillemin Pages: 389-397 | DOI: 10.1080/17409292.2017.1432338 Fenêtres de chair et prisons anatomiques : l'envers du rêve surréaliste Emilie Frémond Pages: 398-405 | DOI: 10.1080/17409292.2017.1432317 Transmettre la peste, de Defoe à Ionesco Audrey Lemesle Pages: 406-413 | DOI: 10.1080/17409292.2017.1432325 Entrées par ordre alphabétique dans l'espace du dedans Spyridon Simotas Pages: 414-420 | DOI: 10.1080/17409292.2017.1432336 Figures passantes Anne Favier Pages: 421-430 | DOI: 10.1080/17409292.2017.1432316 Acadie(s) divergente(s) : langue, identité et poésie en Louisiane et au Canada maritime Nathan Rabalais Pages: 431-439 | DOI: 10.1080/17409292.2017.1432335 Acknowledgments Acknowledgments Pages: 440-440 | DOI: 10.1080/17409292.2017.1435460 Editorial Assistants Editorial Assistants Pages: 441-441 | DOI: 10.1080/17409292.2017.1435452 Do you have original research that relates to present-day Japan and its recent historical development? Contemporary Japan welcomes your submissions. To update which email alerts you receive, manage your alerts within the My Account area. Unsubscribe from new content alerts for this journal (both new issue and latest article notifications) with one click. If you need any further help, please contact us at support@tandfonline.com Please do not reply to this email. To ensure that you receive your alerts and information from Taylor & Francis Online, please add "alerts@tandfonline.com" and "info@tandfonline.com" to your safe senders list. Taylor & Francis, an Informa business. Taylor & Francis is a trading name of Informa UK Limited, registered in England under no. 1072954. Registered office: 5 Howick Place, London, SW1P 1WG.

Spatial distribution patterns of four traffic-emitted heavy metals in urban road dust and the resuspension of brake-emitted particles: Findings of a field study

Publication date: July 2018
Source:Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, Volume 62
Author(s): Péter Budai, Adrienne Clement
This paper presents the results of a field campaign that was aimed to assess the total amount and the spatial variation in the cross-sectional surface loads of four selected heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Pb and Sb) at three different locations of a downtown street at Budapest, Hungary. The distribution of surface loads were found to be determined by their prevailing emission source: brake wear dominated metals show distinctive cross-sectional gradients (depending on traffic dynamics) and are only above the background values at the curbside, while tire wear dominated ones feature only a weak gradient and are consistently higher than the background values, over the entire road surface. The relative strength of post-precipitation resuspension was further investigated in the case of principally airborne brake-emitted particles by studying the changes in the ratios of selected metals in dry and wet roadside dust samples, in comparison with the typical values for urban road runoff. The results suggest that roughly 70% of brake-emitted metals that are left behind by the curb after a rainfall event will return into the atmosphere by resuspension as the wet dust dries up. The improved insight into this process has important implications on the effectiveness of stormwater treatment technologies.



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Essential elements in synovial fluid samples obtained from patients living in Northern Poland

Publication date: July 2018
Source:Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, Volume 48
Author(s): Pawel Konieczynski, Grzegorz Szreder, Ewelina Tamowska, Marek Wesolowski
Many people after 50 year of life suffer pains caused by osteoarthritis (OA), which make their life difficult and painful. There is a probable association of OA with the concentration of certain elements in body fluids. Therefore the aim of the study was to relate the level of essential elements in synovial fluids of patients with OA with the treatment using antiarthritic drugs. Thus, flame-atomic absorption spectrometry was used to determine the concentrations of Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Na, K, Ca and Mg in 74 samples of synovial fluids taken from 36 patients. Prior to analysis, the samples of synovial fluids were centrifuged and obtained supernatants were digested by microwave technique. It was found that the level of investigated essential elements was differentiated in patients suffering with OA. High correlation between Zn and K, Na and K, as well as Cu and Mn were revealed. Based on cluster analysis, synovial fluids of patients treated with Diprophos, Euflexxa and Synocrom, can be found almost in all clusters. ANOVA has shown that there is a significant difference between Na level in synovial fluids of patients treated with antirheumatic drugs, and those who were not treated. For the patients treated with Euflexxa, similar relations for Ca and K exist. Principal component analysis has shown that essential elements responsible for variability within studied samples, are Ca, Mg, Cu, Mn and Fe. However, there were no statistically significant relations between the studied macro- and microelements, and treatment using specific preparations.



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Effects of furosemide administration on the concentration of essential and toxic elements in Wistar rats by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

Publication date: July 2018
Source:Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, Volume 48
Author(s): Luiz Raimundo Seneterri Silva Rodrigues dos Santos, Aníbal de Freitas Santos, Maria das Graças Andrade Korn
Furosemide can interfere with the metabolism of chemical elements, changing their levels in several tissues, thus causing imbalance. In this study, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) was used for multi-element analysis (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mg, Pb, Se and Zn) after microwave-assisted digestion, to evaluate the effect of furosemide (loop diuretic) on the composition of these essential and toxic elements in biological samples (liver, kidney, heart, lung and serum) of Wistar rats. Male and female Wistar rats (n = 40, 180–350 g) were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 20/group). The results were expressed as μg/g dry weight. The mean tissue concentrations (minimum-maximum in μg/g) of Cu, Fe, Mg and Zn in the biological samples ranged between 5.2 and 1023.5. The levels of Cd, Pb and Se were below the detection limit of the ICP OES. Accuracy was assessed by microwave-assisted digestion and recovery values of 83–116% were obtained. Liver had significantly higher trace element concentrations in most of the analyzed samples. Mg showed a significant reduction (for males and females) in its levels in the heart. In both genders, there was similarity in the Cu concentration reduction (around 16%) for all tissues. The highest iron losses were found for serum (52% and 12%) for male and female rats, respectively. Reductions in Zn occurred between 0.3 and 18.0%, mainly for kidneys and heart, respectively. This study demonstrated that furosemide altered the concentration of some elements in rats.



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Lokale Metastasentherapie bei oligometatasierten Karzinomen

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Thyroid autoantibodies in pregnancy are associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: Ma'anshan Birth Cohort Study

Summary

Objective

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) have been associated with adverse health outcomes for both mothers and children. Previous studies examining associations of maternal thyroid autoantibodies with HDP indicate conflicting results. The objective of this study was to examine associations of maternal thyroid autoantibodies positivity in the first and the second trimesters with the risk of HDP.

Design, Participants and Measurements

In the Ma'anshan Birth Cohort study, a population-based prospective study in China, a total of 3474 pregnant women were enrolled between May 2013 and September 2014. Thyroid autoantibodies, including anti-thyroperoxidase autoantibody (TPOAb) and anti-thyroglobulin autoantibody (TgAb), as well as thyroid function tests were measured in both the first and the second trimesters in 2893 pregnant women. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the associations between thyroid autoantibodies and HDP.

Results

Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that TPOAb positivity in the first trimester was associated with a 1.80 (95% CI=1.17-2.78) increased odds of HDP after adjustment for confounders, which was mainly due to an increased risk of gestational hypertension (OR=1.93, 95% CI=1.17-3.18). In addition, TgAb positivity in the first trimester was associated with a higher risk of HDP (OR=1.78, 95% CI=1.16-2.73) after adjustment for confounders, which was mainly due to an increased risk of gestational hypertension (OR=1.89, 95% CI=1.15-3.11). These associations were also seen among euthyroid women. Women with positive TPOAb in the second trimester seemed to have a higher risk of gestational hypertension (OR=1.87, 95% CI=1.02-3.43) after adjustment for confounders. However, among euthyroid women, TPOAb positivity in the second trimester was not associated with HDP. The TgAb status in the second trimester was not associated with HDP.

Conclusions

Our results show that TPOAb positivity and TgAb positivity in the first trimester are associated with an increased risk of HDP. These data demonstrate that these associations are even seen among euthyroid women.

This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Hypothalamic redox balance and leptin signaling - Emerging role of selenoproteins

Publication date: Available online 5 March 2018
Source:Free Radical Biology and Medicine
Author(s): Ting Gong, Daniel J. Torres, Marla J. Berry, Matthew W. Pitts
The hypothalamus is the central neural site governing food intake and energy expenditure.During the past 25 years, understanding of the hypothalamic cell types, hormones, and circuitry involved in the regulation of energy metabolism has dramatically increased. It is now well established that the adipocyte-derived hormone, leptin, acts upon two distinct groups of hypothalamic neurons that comprise opposing arms of the central melanocortin system. These two cell populations are anorexigenic neurons expressing proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and orexigenic neurons that express agouti-related peptide (AGRP). Several important studies have demonstrated that reactive oxygen species and endoplasmic reticulum stress significantly impact these hypothalamic neuronal populations that regulate global energy metabolism. Reactive oxygen species and redox homeostasis are influenced by selenoproteins, an essential class of proteins that incorporate selenium co-translationally in the form of the 21^st amino acid, selenocysteine. Levels of these proteins are regulated by dietary selenium intake and they are widely expressed in the brain. Of additional relevance, selenium supplementation has been linked to metabolic alterations in both animal and human studies. Recent evidence also indicates that hypothalamic selenoproteins are significant modulators of energy metabolism in both neurons and tanycytes, a population of glial-like cells lining the floor of the 3^rd ventricle within the hypothalamus. This review article will summarize current understanding of the regulatory influence of redox status on hypothalamic nutrient sensing and highlight recent work revealing the importance of selenoproteins in the hypothalamus.

Graphical abstract

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Preparation of poloxamer-based nanofibers for enhanced dissolution of carvedilol

Publication date: Available online 5 March 2018
Source:European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Author(s): Saša Kajdič, Franc Vrečer, Petra Kocbek
Polymer nanofibers have become increasingly important for improvement of dissolution and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs, representing a great challenge in pharmaceutical development. Here, we introduced a new concept of using amphiphilic polymers as fundamental excipients in electrospun nanofibers, which would improve drug solubilization and accelerate its release. Hydrophilic poloxamer-based nanofibers were developed as a novel drug delivery system for carvedilol. These nanofibers were electrospun from different liquid carvedilol dispersions, as carvedilol (nano)suspensions or ethanol solution. The electrospun products showed similar morphologies, but different mean fiber diameters (170–450 nm). Carvedilol dissolution rates from nanofibers were faster compared to its dissolution from polymer films. The electrospinning from ethanol solution resulted in the highest dissolution rate, since >90% of the drug was dissolved in the first 5 min. The type of liquid medium significantly affects also the drug crystallinity. Thus, nanofibers produced from ethanol polymer solution showed no detectable crystalline carvedilol, whereas crystalline carvedilol form II or III was detected in the other nanofiber samples investigated. In a prolonged stability study (to 1 year), the potential of nanofibers to preserve the active ingredient in the initial non-crystalline form was demonstrated. Poloxamer-based nanofibers thus represent a promising formulation for immediate release and improved dissolution rates of poorly soluble drugs.

Graphical abstract

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Phytotoxicity and cytogenotoxicity of hydroalcoholic extracts from Solanum muricatum Ait. and Solanum betaceum Cav. (Solanaceae) in the plant model Lactuca sativa

Abstract

Plants are rich in biologically active compounds. They can be explored for the production of bioherbicides. In this context, the present work aimed to evaluate the allelopathic effect of hydroalcoholic extracts from two Solanaceae species: Solanum muricatum Ait. and Solanum betaceum Cav. For this end, we conducted phytochemical screening and biological assays, determining the effects of the extracts on germination, early development, cell cycle, and DNA fragmentation in plantlets and meristematic cells of the plant model Lactuca sativa L. (lettuce). The percentage of seeds germinated under effect of S. muricatum extract did not differ from the control, but plantlet growth was reduced at the highest concentrations. For S. betaceum extract, dose dependence was observed for both germination and plantlet development, with the highest concentrations inhibiting germination. The growth curves revealed the concentrations of 2.06 and 1.93 g/L for S. muricatum and S. betaceum extracts, respectively, as those reducing 50% of root growth (RG). At these concentrations, both extracts presented mitodepressive effect, besides inducing significant increase in the frequency of condensed nuclei, associated to DNA fragmentation and cytoplasmic shrinkage. The frequency of chromosome alterations was not significant. We further discuss the mechanisms of action related to the chemical composition of the extracts, which presented organic acids, reducing sugars, proteins, amino acids, and tannins, besides catechins and flavonoids, only found in the extract of S. betaceum.

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Correction to: Risk exposure assessment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in drinking water and atmosphere in central eastern China

Abstract

The original publication of this paper contains a mistake.

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