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Τρίτη 4 Σεπτεμβρίου 2018
Scholar : Australian Journal of International Affairs, Volume 72, Issue 5, October 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online
Tracing sediment sources in a mountainous forest catchment under road construction in northern Iran: comparison of Bayesian and frequentist approaches
Abstract
Development and land use change lead to accelerated soil erosion as a serious environmental problem in river catchments in Iran. Reliable information about the sources of sediment in catchments is therefore necessary to design effective control strategies. This study used a composite sediment source tracing procedure to determine the importance of forest road cuttings as a sediment source in a mountainous catchment located in northern Iran. A fallout radionuclide (137Cs) and 12 geochemical tracers (Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, OC, Pb, Sr and TN) were used to determine the relative contributions of three sediment source types (hillslopes, road cuttings and channel banks) to both suspended and bed sediment samples. Two mixing models based on different mathematical concepts were used to apportion the sediment sources: the mixture sampling importance resampling Bayesian model which incorporates the mass-balance matrix and a distribution model using normal and summed probability of normal distributions. The results of both mixing models indicated that sub-soil erosion from road cuttings and channel banks dominated the sources of river bed and suspended sediment samples, respectively. These results therefore highlight that conservation that works in the study area to remedy the sediment problem should initially focus on stabilisation and rehabilitation of road cuttings and channel banks. This successful application of a composite (radionuclide and geochemical) tracing technique for discriminating source end members characterised by different erosion processes underscores the importance of sub-soil erosion in this case study.
https://ift.tt/2CmYwfw
Bleaching of simulated stained-remineralized caries lesions in vitro
Abstract
Objective
Non-invasive esthetic treatment options for stained arrested caries lesions have not been explored. This study aimed to develop laboratory models to create stained-remineralized caries-like lesions (s-RCLs) and to test the efficacy of bleaching on their esthetic treatment.
Materials and methods
One hundred twelve enamel/dentin specimens were prepared from human molars, embedded, and had their color measured spectrophotometrically at baseline and after demineralization. They were randomly divided into four groups (n = 14) based on the staining/remineralization protocols for a total of 5 days: G1, no staining/no remineralization; G2, no staining/remineralization in artificial saliva (AS); G3, non-metallic staining/remineralization with sodium fluoride/AS; and G4, metallic staining/remineralization with silver diamine fluoride/AS. The lesion mineral loss (ΔZ) and depth (L) were measured using transverse microradiography along with color change (ΔE). Specimens were bleached and color was re-evaluated. Data were analyzed using ANOVA models followed by Fisher's PLSD tests (α = 0.05).
Results
s-RCLs in G4 were significantly (p < 0.001) darker than G3, G2, and G1 regardless of substrate type and condition. s-RCLs in G2, G3, and G4 showed significantly lower ΔZ and L than G1 (all p < 0.001), confirming occurrence of remineralization. G4 exhibited significantly lower ΔZ and L compared to G2 (p < 0.001). Bleaching was more effective in non-metallic than in metallic stained lesions regardless of substrate type (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
The proposed models created distinct s-RCLs. Non-metallic s-RCLs were lighter and more responsive to bleaching compared to metallic s-RCLs.
Clinical relevance
The developed experimental models allow the further investigation of the efficacy and safety of different clinical strategies for the esthetic management of s-RCLs.
https://ift.tt/2NMaild
Immunohistochemistry of p16 in nevi of pregnancy and nevoid melanomas
Journal of Cutaneous Pathology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
https://ift.tt/2LXgEwd
Influence of Relative Humidity on Electrodermal Levels and Responses
Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2018;31:298–307
https://ift.tt/2NLHwAU
Successful treatment with diclofenac sodium 1% gel of a case of suspected Darier disease
Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2Q3Dp4J
Determinants of pollution and the role of the military sector: evidence from a maximum likelihood approach with two structural breaks in the USA
Abstract
We investigate the role of military expenditure on emission in USA during the period 1960–2015. To achieve the objectives of this study, two measures of military expenditure are utilised, while several timeseries models are constructed with the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, population, energy consumption per capita, non-renewable energy consumption per capita, renewable energy consumption per capita, urbanisation, trade openness and financial development serving as additional determinants of air pollution. We also use ecological indicator as an alternative measure of pollution. Moreover, different timeseries methods are utilised including a likelihood-based approach with two structural breaks. The output of this research concluded that all the variables are cointegrated. It is found that military expenditure has mixed impact on CO2 emissions. Real GDP per capita, energy consumption per capita, non-renewable energy consumption per capita, population and urbanisation increase CO2 emissions per capita in the long-run, while renewable energy consumption, financial development and trade openness reduce it. There is also evidence for the mixed role of military expenditure, when ecological footprint is utilised as the environmental degradation index. From the output of this research, few policy recommendations are offered for the examined country.
https://ift.tt/2MIfWIm
Adsorption of cadmium, nickel and lead ions: equilibrium, kinetic and selectivity studies on modified clinoptilolites from the USA and RSA
Abstract
The performance of modified clinoptilolites (zeolites) from two different sources (South Africa and the USA) for the adsorption of Ni2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ from synthetic industrial effluent contaminated with metal concentration levels at 50, 150 and 500 ppm was evaluated. The selectivity of the clinoptilolite for the adsorption of Ni2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ was investigated with mixed feed solutions containing all three ions in equal concentrations and single-component concentrations containing only one of the ions. The homoionic forms of the clinoptilolite were made of Na+, K+ and Ca2+. Batch experiments were then conducted to measure the uptake of metals by the zeolites. The zeolites were characterised using SEM, XRD and BET. The South African clinoptilolite showed a higher surface area and pore volume (17.52m2/g and 0.047cm3/g respectively) than the USA zeolite (12.26m2/g and 0.028cm3/g respectively) for the Na+ homoionic form. According to the equilibrium studies, the selectivity sequence was found to be Pb2+ > Cd2+ > Ni2+, with good fits being obtained using Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms for low metal concentrations. Examples of equilibrium adsorption capacities for RSA and USA clinoptilolite modified with Na+ for Pb were 26.94 mg/g and 27.06 mg/g when RSA-Na+ and USA-Na+ were used respectively. The adsorption was found to depend on the homoionic form of the zeolite and to a lesser extent the source of the zeolite. The selectivity of a particular zeolite for a particular heavy metal can be altered by the homoionic form of the zeolite. Overall, the adsorption capacity of the USA clinoptilolite was higher than the adsorption capacity of the SA clinoptilolite, revealing the potential of clinoptilolite in metal-polluted industrial effluent treatment.
https://ift.tt/2NKjQgx
Thyroid nodule recurrence following lobo-isthmectomy: incidence, patient’s characteristics, and risk factors
Abstract
Purpose
This study was aimed at assessing the incidence and timing of thyroid nodules recurrence, defined as appearance of new benign or malignant nodules in contralateral lobe in patients with benign thyroid nodules or thyroid microcarcinoma treated with lobo-isthmectomy. Patient's characteristics and risk factors associated with this phenomenon were also investigated.
Methods
A retrospective study was performed by evaluating 413 patients undergoing lobo-isthmectomy with a minimum follow-up of 1 year. Clinical characteristics, surgical interventions and complications, histological diagnosis, and thyroid function at last follow-up were collected.
Results
Single or multiple thyroid nodule recurrence equally occurred in 80 patients (23%) with a median time to relapse of ~ 5 years (range 0.3–34.5 years) after lobo-isthmectomy. Recurrence was significantly associated with younger age (< 46 years) and number of pregnancies in women. Development of hypothyroidism was not rare either (~ 10%) and appeared in 3–19 months; a preoperative TSH level > 2.43 mIU/L was associated with the need of l-thyroxin replacement therapy after surgery. The most frequent surgical complication was transient hypoparathyroidism (4.6%), while the rate of permanent hypoparathyroidism significantly increased in patients submitted to completion thyroidectomy (5.3%).
Conclusions
Thyroid nodules recurrence following lobo-isthmectomy is not a rare event and occurs within 5 years after surgery, more frequently in younger patients with family history of nodular goiter and in women with multiple pregnancies. Pre-surgical TSH levels may predict the development of post-surgical hypothyroidism, possibly improving the management of patients addressed to surgery.
https://ift.tt/2wMPyTZ
Effects of selenium and vitamin C on the serum level of antithyroid peroxidase antibody in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis
Abstract
Purpose
Selenium (Se), an essential trace element, has been implicated in pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). Most studies attributed the immune modulating effects of Se to its antioxidant properties. However, there is insufficient evidence to support the use of selenium supplementation or other antioxidants in patients with AIT. This clinical trial was designed to investigate the impact of Se and vitamin C supplementation on antithyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab) level in patients with AIT.
Methods
One hundred and two subjects aged 15–78 years were randomized into three groups. Group one (GI) (n = 38) was treated with 200 μg/day sodium selenite, group two (GII) (n = 36) received 500 mg vitamin C/day, and group three (GIII) (n = 28) received placebo over a 3-month period. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), TPO-Ab, antithyroglobulin antibody (Tg-Ab) and Se concentrations were once measured before treatment and at the end of the study.
Results
After 3 months, TPO-Ab concentrations decreased within Se and vitamin C-treated groups, but did not change in the placebo subjects. In this regard, there was no significant difference between the groups. We also did not find any statistically significant difference in TSH and Tg-Ab levels within and between the groups. At the end of the study, Se level was significantly higher in GI compared with GII and GIII.
Conclusion
Our findings supported the hypothesis of antioxidant beneficial effects of Se in AIT. However, it was not superior to vitamin C, regarding its effects on thyroid-specific antibodies.
https://ift.tt/2CqYLqj
Expression of hormone receptors, adipophilin, and GCDFP‐15 in mucinous carcinoma of the skin
Journal of Cutaneous Pathology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
https://ift.tt/2wERuhb
Δευτέρα 3 Σεπτεμβρίου 2018
Melanoma and mastocytosis: is really only a coincidence?
Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2NchJoK
Yellowish‐orange plaques and slack skin in a Chinese boy
Australasian Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2CbUtCI
Allergic contact dermatitis caused by propolis‐enriched honey: A case of severe penile oedema
Australasian Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2MHtkMZ
Inverted nipples correction with glandular retropapillar flap: demonstration of a technique
Abstract
Inverted nipples constitutes functional and esthetic problems, generating frustration in women regarding breastfeeding and reduced self-esteem and self-efficacy in appearance. Many techniques for surgical correction have already been described. Most use dermal patches of the areola alone or associated with sutures that fit in the base of the papilla. Description of technique for correction of inverted nipple through a series of bilateral or unilateral cases. The surgery presents adequate projection of the nipple, sensitivity and functionality is preserved, and satisfaction with the postoperative result. This study demonstrates an easily reproduced technique that spares local tissue, using a small incision and mobilizes sufficient volume to project the papilla, without deforming the areola.
Level of Evidence: Level IV, therapeutic study
https://ift.tt/2Ch0heu
Placebos mit Heilkraft? Placeboeffekt und -einsatz in der (Schmerz-)Therapie
Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2018; 53: 574-578
DOI: 10.1055/a-0636-1776
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Article in Thieme eJournals:
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https://ift.tt/2LZElUQ
Knieendoprothetik: Adduktorenkanalblockade oder lokale Infiltrationsanalgesie?
Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2018; 53: 567-568
DOI: 10.1055/a-0668-3904
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Article in Thieme eJournals:
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https://ift.tt/2oE9iEG
Grundlagen und Praxis der Neuroanästhesie
Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2018; 53: 618-630
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-111004
Zentrale Aspekte der Anästhesieführung bei neurochirurgischen Operationen sind das Aufrechterhalten der zerebralen Homöostase sowie die Vermeidung sekundärer Hirnschäden. Die wichtigsten Variablen sind zerebraler Metabolismus, zerebraler Blutfluss, zerebraler Perfusionsdruck, zerebrales Blutvolumen und ihr Einfluss auf den intrakraniellen Druck. Die Ausgewogenheit dieser Faktoren ist Ziel bei jeder neurochirurgischen Operation oder Intervention.
[...]
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Article in Thieme eJournals:
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https://ift.tt/2NHM0sw
Musikermedizin
Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2018; 53: 568-569
DOI: 10.1055/a-0668-3886
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Article in Thieme eJournals:
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https://ift.tt/2MLDiNu
Placebo-Nocebo-Ethik für die Patientenkommunikation
Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2018; 53: 592-604
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-121685
Die Patientenaufklärung ist „täglich Brot" des klinisch tätigen Anästhesisten und gleichzeitig ein zentrales Rechtfertigungselement medizinischer Behandlungsmaßnahmen. Durch Auslösen von Placebo- und Noceboeffekten kann sie den Behandlungserfolg aber auch selbst maßgeblich beeinflussen. Einem daraus drohenden Konflikt verschiedener medizinethischer Prinzipien kann mit entsprechenden praktischen Strategien wirksam begegnet werden.
[...]
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Article in Thieme eJournals:
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https://ift.tt/2LZDX8Q
Tiefe Relaxierung kann laparoskopische Eingriffe erleichtern
Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2018; 53: 568-568
DOI: 10.1055/a-0668-3958
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Article in Thieme eJournals:
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https://ift.tt/2MKHkWf
Weiterbildung in der Anästhesie nach Novellierung der Musterweiterbildungsordnung
Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2018; 53: 635-638
DOI: 10.1055/a-0591-1169
Schlichtungsstellen für Arzthaftpflichtfragen bieten Patienten, Ärzten und Versicherern eine Möglichkeit, Arzthaftungsstreitigkeiten außergerichtlich zu klären. In der Rubrik „Fälle der Schlichtungsstelle" stellen wir abgeschlossene Fälle aus der Schlichtungsstelle für Arzthaftpflichtfragen der norddeutschen Ärztekammern vor.
[...]
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Article in Thieme eJournals:
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https://ift.tt/2NKBoJ8
Critical-Illness-Polyneuromyopathie verschlechtert Outcomes auf Intensivstation
Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2018; 53: 569-570
DOI: 10.1055/a-0668-3750
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Article in Thieme eJournals:
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https://ift.tt/2MKHexR
Placeboeffekte in der Akutschmerztherapie
Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2018; 53: 579-590
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-121684
Placebo- und Noceboeffekte stehen aktuell sehr im Fokus der klinischen und experimentellen Schmerzforschung. Neuro- sowie psychophysiologische Prozesse scheinen eine wichtige Rolle bei der Entstehung sowie Vermittlung zu spielen. So werden Placebo- und Noceboeffekte im Wesentlichen über das Netzwerk des opioidergen, absteigenden, schmerzmodulierenden Systems vermittelt. Für das Zustandekommen eines Placeboeffektes wiederum werden 3 psychologische Mechanismen verantwortlich gemacht: klassische Konditionierung, soziales Lernen sowie die Schmerzerwartung. Eine offene Analgetikagabe, eine ausführliche Aufklärung über Wirkung und Nebenwirkung (ohne diese zu sehr in den Fokus zu stellen) der im perioperativen Bereich eingesetzten Medikamente und Interventionen sowie eine Einbindung des Patienten in die Therapie (z. B. durch patientenkontrollierte Systeme) können zu einer additiven Verbesserung der Akutschmerztherapie (bis zu 30%) führen.
[...]
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Article in Thieme eJournals:
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https://ift.tt/2NNa8d1
50 Jahre Plastische Chirurgie und 25 Jahre Facharzt für Plastische Chirurgie
Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2018; 53: 572-572
DOI: 10.1055/a-0667-9094
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Article in Thieme eJournals:
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https://ift.tt/2oB2E23
Placeboeffekte bei chronischen Schmerzen: Forschungsstand und klinische Anwendung
Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2018; 53: 605-617
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-121683
Spielte der Placeboeffekt ehemals vorwiegend eine (eher unliebsame) Rolle bei randomisierten kontrollierten Studien, so treten nun vermehrt die mit dem Placeboeffekt verbundenen Chancen in den Vordergrund. Dieser Beitrag bespricht bisherige Forschungserkenntnisse zum Placeboeffekt bei chronischen Schmerzen und zeigt, wie durch eine gezielte Beeinflussung des therapeutischen Kontexts die Wirksamkeit pharmakologisch aktiver Schmerzmedikamente gesteigert werden kann.
[...]
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Article in Thieme eJournals:
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https://ift.tt/2NFo2xU
Warnhinweis auf rezeptfreien Schmerzmitteln soll künftig Risiken verringern
Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2018; 53: 572-573
DOI: 10.1055/a-0667-9117
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Article in Thieme eJournals:
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https://ift.tt/2oE8M9I
Kinderanästhesie: Risikopatienten profitieren von intravenöser Einleitung
Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2018; 53: 566-567
DOI: 10.1055/a-0668-3940
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Article in Thieme eJournals:
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https://ift.tt/2LQvjt6
Rapid Sequence Induction
Anästhesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2018; 53: 631-634
DOI: 10.1055/a-0628-3122
Die „Rapid Sequence Induction and Intubation" (RSI oder RSII) ist bei Patienten mit erhaltener Kreislauffunktion die Standardmethode, um schnellstmöglich eine Atemwegssicherung im Rahmen einer Notfallsituation bzw. Narkose durchzuführen. Ziel einer RSI ist es, eine Aspiration durch die schnelle endotracheale Intubation und den Verzicht auf eine Zwischenbeatmung zu verhindern.Auch heute besitzen nur wenige europäische Länder eine explizite Handlungsempfehlung zur Durchführung einer RSI. In der täglichen klinischen Routine hat sich die Kopfhochlagerung etabliert, die gegenüber den anderen Lagerungsarten gewisse Vorteile bietet. Eine liegende Magensonde sollte i. d. R. während der RSI belassen werden und muss nicht zwingend in den Ösophagus zurückgezogen werden. Wenn keine Magensonde gelegt wurde bzw. bereits lag, ist die Einlage einer Magensonde nach Intubation sinnvoll. Vor der RSI sollte im Normalfall ein Opioid appliziert werden, da die Dosis kreislaufwirksamer Hypnotika und die hämodynamische Stimulation bei der Intubation reduziert werden können.
[...]
Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Article in Thieme eJournals:
Table of contents | Abstract | Full text
https://ift.tt/2MKGSav
Airborne foliar transfer of particular metals in Lactuca sativa L.: translocation, phytotoxicity, and bioaccessibility
Abstract
The uptake, translocation, and human bioaccessibility of metals originating from atmospheric fine particulate matters (PM) after foliar exposure is not well understood. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plants were exposed to micronic PbO, CuO, and CdO particulate matters (PMs) by the foliar pathway and mature plants (6 weeks old) were analyzed in terms of: (1) metal accumulation and localization on plant leaf surface, and metal translocation factor (TF) and global enrichment factor (GEF) in the plants; (2) shoot growth, plant dry weight (DW), net photosynthesis (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), and fatty acid ratio; (3) metal bioaccessibility in the plants and soil; and (4) the hazard quotient (HQ) associated with consumption of contaminated plants. Substantial levels of metals were observed in the directly exposed edible leaves and newly formed leaves of lettuce, highlighting both the possible metal transfers throughout the plant and the potential for human exposure after plant ingestion. No significant changes were observed in plant biomass after exposure to PbO, CuO, and CdO-PMs. The Gs and fatty acid ratio were increased in leaves after metal exposure. A dilution effect after foliar uptake was suggested which could alleviate metal phytotoxicity to some degree. However, plant shoot growth and Pn were inhibited when the plants are exposed to PbO, and necrosis enriched with Cd was observed on the leaf surface. Gastric bioaccessibility of plant leaves is ranked: Cd > Cu > Pb. Our results highlight a serious health risk of PbO, CuO, and CdO-PMs associated with consumption of vegetables exposed to these metals, even in newly formed leaves in the case of PbO and CdO exposure. Finally, the study highlights the fate and toxicity of metal rich-PMs, especially in the highly populated urban areas which are increasingly cultivated to promote local food.
https://ift.tt/2LQlcVa
Zn(II), Pb(II), and Cd(II) adsorption from aqueous solution by magnetic silica gel: preparation, characterization, and adsorption
Abstract
A novel magnetic silica gel adsorbent (Fe3O4-Si-COOH) was successfully prepared by introducing carboxyl group in situ to improve the performance for Pb(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) adsorption. Infrared spectroscopy (IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermo-gravimetric analyzer (TGA), the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) characterizations suggested that Fe3O4-Si-COOH has been successfully prepared. The adsorption performance was evaluated by batch experiments with different initial concentrations, ionic strength, contact time, and pH. The adsorption kinetics data followed pseudo-second-order model and exhibited a three-stage intraparticle diffusion mode. Isothermal adsorption equilibrium data were best fitted by the Freundlich model and the adsorption capacity were 155, 110, and 93 mg/g (initial concentration 210 mg/L) for Pb(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II), respectively. The result of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) survey spectrum suggested that the main adsorption mechanism is that the H+ of carboxyl groups exchanged with heavy metal ions in the adsorption processes. In addition, the adsorbed Fe3O4-Si-COOH could be regenerated and the adsorption capacity of reused Fe3O4-Si-COOH could maintain 80.3% after five cycles. Hence, the Fe3O4-Si-COOH could be a kind of potential material for removing Pb(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) from wastewater.
https://ift.tt/2Q1UQ5G
Cadmium accumulation and subcellular distribution in populations of Hylotelephium spectabile (Boreau) H. Ohba
Abstract
A pot experiment was conducted among six populations of Hylotelephium spectabile (Boreau) H. Ohba: four from Jiangsu province, one from Shandong province, and one from Shanxi province, China, to investigate the variation of Cd accumulation and subcellular distribution of this species (a newly reported Cd high accumulator). Under five different real Cd-contaminated soils (Cd: 0.93–97.97 mg/kg), results showed considerable differences in Cd concentration in (a) leaf (1.09–50.7 mg/kg), (b) stem (0.61–13.0 mg/kg), and (c) root (1.55–24.5 mg/kg) among the populations. Analysis of subcellular Cd distribution indicated that Cd accumulated in the leaves of H. spectabile was mainly in the cellular debris (44.1 to 53.5%), followed by heat-stable protein (HSP, 20.9 to 29.0%), Cd-rich granules (MRG, 9.9 to 19.5%), heat-denatured protein (6.0 to 8.5%), and organelle fractions (3.1 to 7.4%). The populations of H. spectabile with more Cd partitioned to cellular debris and biological detoxified metal (HSP + MRG) fractions have greater capacity to accumulate Cd, indicating the probable intrinsic mechanism to accumulate Cd. Therefore, H. spectabile has the considerable potential of phytoremediation for Cd-contaminated soils, but screening suitable populations according to soil Cd concentrations is necessary before used for phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soils.
https://ift.tt/2NKtZJQ
Plant uptake and translocation of perfluoroalkyl acids in a wheat–soil system
Abstract
Application of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) is shifting to short-chain analogs (C ≤ 6) that raises concerns for their potential ecotoxicological risks. In the present study, pot experiments were carried out to study the effects of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), including perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs), with different carbon chain lengths (C4, C6, and C8) on the growth of wheat seedlings and their plant uptake and transfer at two spiking levels (200 and 2000 μg/kg soil). Exposure to C4 PFAAs slightly inhibited chlorophyll activity, whereas exposure to C8 PFAAs showed enhancement. The bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) for C4 PFAAs in wheat were over 10, while BAFs for C8 PFAAs were all below 1. Rhizospheric and root to shoot transfer factors for PFAAs were both negatively correlated with their log Kow (p < 0.05). PFCAs exhibited both higher rhizospheric mobility and accumulation potentials than PFSAs of the same chain lengths. Hence, perfluoroalkyl chain governs the mobility of PFAAs in a soil–plant system besides interactions of their head groups, and the substitution with shorter chain PFASs raises concerns for their higher plant accumulation potential that brings higher ecotoxicological and human exposure risks via food chains.
https://ift.tt/2Q1UIDe
The concentration of heavy metals in noodle samples from Iran’s market: probabilistic health risk assessment
Abstract
In the current study, the concentration of heavy metals including lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), and aluminum (Al) in commonly instant noodles consumed in Iran (either imported from other countries or produced in Iran) was investigated by acid digestion method followed by an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry system (ICP-OES). Also, the associated non-carcinogenic risk due to ingestion of heavy metals for adults and children was estimated by calculating percentile 95% target hazard quotient (THQ) in the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) method. The average concentrations of Pb, Cr, Cd, and Al in Iranian instant noodle samples were measured as 1.21 ± 0.81, 0.08 ± 0.10, 0.03 ± 0.06, and 9.15 ± 4.82 (mg/kg) and in imported instant noodle samples were 1.00 ± 0.61, 0.07 ± 0.07, 0.04 ± 0.03, and 15.90 ± 0.93 (mg/kg), respectively. A significant difference (p value < 0.05) in the mean concentration of Pb, Cr, Cd, and Al of Iranian instant noodle and imported instant noodle samples was observed. Also, the concentration of Pb, Cr, Cd, and Al in all brands of instant noodle (0.025 mg/kg, 0.050 mg/kg, 0.003 mg/kg, and 0.237 mg/kg, respectively) surpassed the WHO-permitted limits for Pb, Cr, Cd, and Al. Percentile 95% of THQ of Pb, Cr, Cd, and Al for the adult consumers was calculated as 0.012, 0.000007, 0.010, and 1.789; while in the case of children, percentile 95% of THQ of Pb, Cr, Cd, and Al was defined as 0.044, 0.00023, 0.035, and 6.167, respectively. Health risk assessment indicated that both adults and children are at considerable non-carcinogenic health risk for Al (THQ > 1). Therefore, approaching the required strategies in order to reduce the concentration of heavy metals particularly Al in the instant noodle is recommended.
https://ift.tt/2NJlYVI
Clinical Thyroidology®High-Impact Articles
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Hypothyroidism Is Associated with Increased Mortality Risk in Individuals 65 Years of Age or Older
Elizabeth N. Pearce
Alemtuzumab, a Monoclonal Antibody to CD52, Frequently Causes Graves' Disease
Jerome M. Hershman
Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Who Undergo Reoperation for Recurrence Have Increased Mortality
Masha J. Livhits, Michael W. Yeh
Serum TSH Remains Normal in Those without Significant Risk Factors for Thyroid Dysfunction
Angela M. Leung
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https://ift.tt/2CaCOvg
Efficacy of breast reconstruction with fat grafting: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Breast reconstruction with fat grafting is a new alternative to prosthetic implants and flaps for women with breast cancer. In this study, we investigate the efficacy of fat grafting for breast reconstruction in a meta-analysis.
https://ift.tt/2PyIFMF
Cartilage sparing surgery for melanoma of the external ear
The excision of melanoma of the external ear poses a challenge to surgeons, who must achieve adequate oncological control while minimising impact on form and function. Cartilage preserving surgery is an attractive option as it leaves behind a scaffold for immediate reconstruction with a variety of techniques including full thickness skin grafts (FTSGs) and local flaps. This manuscript will review the literature comparing cartilage sparing surgery with composite excision of skin and cartilage for the treatment of auricular melanoma.
https://ift.tt/2oBKBIU
Readability and quality of breast reduction on-line resources
Many patients are now using the Internet as a resource for health-related information. It is recommended that the readability of patient education materials should be equal to or less than an 11-13-year-old reading level.The aim of this study was to evaluate the readability and quality of websites related to breast reduction.The largest internet search engine was queried for 'breast reduction'. 112 articles from the ten most popular websites were downloaded for analysis. Results from the private cosmetic industry were excluded.
https://ift.tt/2LVM5H4
Comparison of piezosurgery, percutaneous and endonasal continuous osteotomy techniques on a caprine skull model
Osteotomy is a crucial step in rhinoplasty which can have a significant impact on the outcome. In addition to previous percutaneous (external perforating) and endonasal (internal) approaches, piezosurgery has been used in rhinoplasty practice since 2007. This experimental model was planned to compare the three osteotomy techniques.
https://ift.tt/2oBSZbB
Utilization of Installation Wound Vacuum Device for Breast Implant Salvage: Approach and Results
Negative pressure wound therapy allow for an increase in fibroblast migration, a decrease in cell death and stimulation of angiogenesis, all to allow for more rapid wound healing. With irrigating vacs, wounds can be continually washed without painful dressing changes, while concurrently providing the benefit of intermittent negative pressure.
https://ift.tt/2LUHPaP
Shear wave elastography in the diagnosis of the ulnar tunnel syndrome.
An interesting alternative to traditional diagnostic techniques of the upper extremity nerve entrapments might be provided by an ultrasound elastography that started to gain attention in recent research. The aim of this preliminary study was to verify if quantitative analysis of ulnar nerve stiffness with shear-wave elastography can be used to diagnose the ulnar tunnel syndrome, an ulnar nerve neuropathy at the Guyon's canal. The study included 46 patients (39 women) and 39 healthy controls (34 women).
https://ift.tt/2oAUBSD
A SIMPLE METHOD FOR LYMPHEDEMA SELF-MEASUREMENT USING THE ZOZOSUIT BODYSUIT
Dear Editor,
https://ift.tt/2LU6UD4
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and the Metabolic Syndrome: The Road to Clinically-Meaningful Phenotyping, Improved Prognosis, and Personalized Treatment
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an increasingly prevalent sleep disorder characterized by upper airway obstruction during sleep, resulting in breathing pauses, intermittent hypoxia, and fragmented sleep. In parallel, the constellation of adverse health outcomes associated with prolonged obesity, such as insulin resistance, elevated blood pressure, triglycerides, and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol – termed metabolic syndrome –raises the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, type 2 diabetes, and all-cause mortality.
https://ift.tt/2MImKFY
Probabilistic risk assessment (Monte Carlo simulation method) of Pb and Cd in the onion bulb (Allium cepa) and soil of Iran
Abstract
Recently, the exposure to heavy metals through the consumption of vegetables has become a global concern. In this regard, the current study was aimed to measure the concentrations of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in the collected onion bulb samples as well as the surrounded soil using a flame atomic absorption spectrometer (FAAS). Additionally, the target hazard quotient (THQ) for males and females in all age groups of consumers were estimated by using Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) method. Furthermore, the soil threshold values (STVs) were evaluated to investigate the heavy metal contents in the soil based on the established standard limits. In this context, 45 onion bulbs (HashtBandi region, 25 and Ravang region, 20) and 41 soil (HashtBandi region, 21 and Ravang region, 20) samples were collected (March–May of 2016). The average concentrations of Pb in the onions from HashtBandi and Ravang regions were determined as 0.0052 ± 0.0011 and 0.0061 ± 0.0022 mg/kg, and for Cd were 0.0095 ± 0.0024 and 0.0011 ± 0.0035 mg/kg, respectively. The average concentration of Pb in the soil from HashtBandi and Ravang regions were measured as 3.99 ± 3.77 and 2.03 ± 0.69 mg/kg, and for Cd, the corresponding values were determined as 2.21 ± 3.17 and 2.22 ± 0.92 mg/kg, respectively. The average concentration of Pb and Cd in both investigated onion bulb and soil were lower than Iranian national (onion bulb: Pb = 0.1 mg/kg, Cd = 0.05 mg/kg) and FAO/WHO (onion bulb: Pb = 0.3 mg/kg, Cd = 0.1 mg/kg; soil: Pb = 50 mg/kg, Cd = 0.3 mg/kg) standard limits. Moreover, the THQ and total target hazard quotient (TTHQ) for males and females in all age groups were less than 1 value. Therefore, no risk of the exposure to Pb and Cd as result of onion bulb consumption was reported. STVs for Pb and Cd in the HashtBandi region were calculated as 3.99 and 2.21 mg/kg, and Ravang as 2.03 and 2.22 mg/kg, respectively. Due to the higher calculated STVs for Cd while compared with the established standard limit for the soil, the further revisions regarding the heavy metal standard limits in the soil were recommended.
https://ift.tt/2oCLBwx
The effect of ICT, financial development, growth, and trade openness on CO 2 emissions: an empirical analysis
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of Internet use, financial development, economic growth, and trade openness on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in selected European Union (EU) countries. To this end, pooled mean group (PMG) estimator is utilized for panel data from 2001 to 2014. Empirical findings suggest that Internet use has long-run relationship with CO2 emissions and lowering the environmental quality in EU countries. Also, the electricity consumption has a positive and significant effect on CO2 emissions. Moreover, interestingly, economic growth and financial development have a diminishing negative impact on CO2 emission. Heterogeneous panel Granger causality results suggest unidirectional causality running from Internet use to CO2 emissions. The finding implies that the European Union countries did not achieve the level of green information and telecommunication (ICTs) consumption. Overall, the innovative findings indicate that Internet use is raising the threat to the sustainable development. Thus, to curb and mitigate CO2 emissions from Internet use and electricity consumption is the need of time to maintain the sustainable development in EU countries.
https://ift.tt/2oCtve5
Effects of Microcystis aeruginosa on the life history traits and SOD activity of Daphnia similoides sinensis
Abstract
With water eutrophication and global warming, cyanobacteria blooms have occurred frequently, and the interaction between M. aeruginosa and Daphnia has been widely paid attention by researchers. However, the effects of toxic M. aeruginosa on the SOD activity of Daphnia are poorly known. Six D. similoides sinensis clones collected from Lake Junshan and the offspring of two clones were employed. The effects of toxic M. aeruginosa on the life history traits and SOD activities of D. similoides sinensis in the mother and their offspring were studied. Toxic M. aeruginosa could significantly inhibit the life history traits (e.g., body lengths, offspring numbers at first reproduction, cumulative offspring numbers, and the intrinsic rate of population) and induce higher SOD activities of D. similoides sinensis. Compared with the mother, the effects of toxic M. aeruginosa on the life history traits and SOD activities of D. similoides sinensis in the offspring showed obvious differences. Moreover, the adaptability of the offspring to M. aeruginosa indicated also the differences between two clones. Our results suggested that the mother exposed to toxic M. aeruginosa could enhance the fitness of their offspring to Microcystis by maternal effect and was also affected by the D. similoides sinensis genotypes.
https://ift.tt/2wFWD8w
Rarasaponin-bentonite-activated biochar from durian shells composite for removal of crystal violet and Cr(VI) from aqueous solution
Abstract
This paper presents the preparation of composite material and its application for the adsorption of crystal violet and Cr(VI) from aqueous solution onto acid-activated bentonite (AAB) and rarasaponin–bentonite-activated biochar from durian shells composite (RBAB). The influence of initial pH of the solution and the temperature of adsorption on the adsorbents adsorption performance was also studied. Langmuir and Freundlich models could represent the adsorption equilibria equally well. Thermodynamic parameters such as ∆G°, ∆H°, and ∆S° were evaluated based on the adsorption isotherms. The values of ∆G°, ∆H°, and ∆S° for crystal violet adsorption system demonstrate behavior contrary to the Cr(VI) adsorption system. Where crystal violet adsorption is preferred at high temperatures with qmax, value is 518.64 mg/L; while adsorption Cr(VI) is better at low temperature with qmax, value is 106.30 mg/L. Pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models could represent the kinetic data well.
https://ift.tt/2LRIXfA
A dense mapping study of six European AITD susceptibility regions in a large Chinese Han Cohort of Graves’ disease
Clinical Endocrinology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
https://ift.tt/2CdUWnZ
Thyrotoxicosis after iodine fortification. A 21 year Danish population based study
Clinical Endocrinology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
https://ift.tt/2wCt2wE
Role of cytochrome c in modulating chromium-induced oxidative stress in Oryza sativa
Abstract
Cytochrome c (CYTc) is one of the redox-active molecules responsible for electron transport in plant mitochondria. It is important in the interaction of metal ions with mitochondrial proteome, it is also essential for insights into electron transport during oxidative stress. This study focused on the clarification of interactions of CYTc with metal accumulation and associated modulation of CYTc with reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in rice seedlings exposed to chromium either hexavalent Cr(VI) or trivalent Cr(III). The result indicates that exposures to both Cr species resulted in significant accumulation of Cr in rice tissues. ROS-dependent growth inhibition of rice seedlings was also evident from both Cr treatments. Changes of CYTc content in roots and shoots maintained almost the same pattern after both Cr exposures. However, dynamically transcriptional levels of rice CYTc genes conducted by real-time quantitative RT-PCR were inconsistent in rice tissues. The results presented here demonstrate that oxidative stresses induced by ROS accumulation do not equally and/or detrimentally influence the perturbations of CYTc content and expression patterns of CYTc genes in rice tissues after Cr exposure, suggesting that the decrease of CYTc levels in roots did not originate ROS accumulation, it may be due to metal-binding properties, while enhancement of CYTc content in shoots was probably a signal of severe growth inhibition owing to ROS accumulation.
https://ift.tt/2Na8Njr
Skin type differences in solar simulated radiation‐induced oxidative stress
British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
https://ift.tt/2oHiPLn
Scholar : Shakespeare, Volume 14, Issue 3, September 2018 is now available online on Taylor & Francis Online
Cadmium-accumulator straw application alleviates cadmium stress of lettuce ( Lactuca sativa ) by promoting photosynthetic activity and antioxidative enzyme activities
Abstract
The effects of application of straw derived from cadmium (Cd) accumulator plants (Siegesbeckia orientalis, Conyza canadensis, Eclipta prostrata, and Solanum photeinocarpum) on growth and Cd accumulation of lettuce plants grown under Cd exposure were studied. Treatment with straw of the four Cd-accumulator species promoted growth, photosynthesis, and soluble protein contents and enhanced the activities of peroxidase in leaves of lettuce seedlings. The biomass of shoot of lettuce from high to low in turn is the treatment of C. canadensis straw > S. photeinocarpum straw > S. orientalis > E. prostrata > Control. The Cd content in edible parts (shoots) of the lettuce plants was significantly decreased in the presence of straw from the Cd-accumulator species, except the presence of the straw of E. prostrata. And, the greatest reduction in Cd content in shoots was 27.09% in the S. photeinocarpum straw treatment compared with that of the control. Therefore, application of straw of S. orientalis, C. canadensis, and S. photeinocarpum can promote the growth of lettuce seedlings, and decrease their Cd accumulation, when grown in Cd-contaminated soil, which is beneficial for production of lettuce safe for human consumption.
https://ift.tt/2oztxTP
Impact of marine and continental sources on aerosol characteristics using an on-board SPAMS over southeast sea, China
Abstract
The chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols was characterized using an on-board single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS) over the Southeast China Sea. High-time-resolution observation of marine aerosols was carried out to clarify the source of aerosols and the interaction of marine and continental aerosols. Atmospheric aerosols were determined by the interaction of continental and marine sources over coastal area. Aerosols from continental sources flux into sea surfaces through deposition or diffusion, which results in the rapid decrease of continental aerosols. Five main subtypes of carbonaceous particles are identified as C_Al-Si, C_V-Ni, C_S, C_K, and C_secondary to clarify the impact of marine and continental sources on atmospheric aerosols. High fraction of C_Al-Si and C_secondary is present over XA (Xiamen anchorage), accounting for 23.8% and 18.6% of total carbonaceous particles. Contrarily, the relative percentage of C_S increases as the distance from land to sea increases. The influence of continental aerosols declines, while the contribution of marine aerosols increases as the distance from land to sea increases. Air masses in XA, LSA (land to sea area), SLA (sea to land area), and SA (sea area) were all from ocean during the observation period, resulting in low relative fraction of continental aerosols in SLA, SA, and LSA. High-time-resolution measurement is useful to understand aerosol source types and the impact of marine and continental sources on marine atmosphere aerosols.
https://ift.tt/2MLnL03
Efficacy of high-intensity laser therapy in comparison with conventional physiotherapy and exercise therapy on pain and function of patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial with 12-week follow up
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders causing pain and functional impairment. The purpose of the study is to compare the effects of high-intensity laser therapy (HILT), conventional physical therapy (CPT), and exercise therapy (ET) on pain and function in patients with KOA. The study was designed as an assessor-blind randomized controlled trial. Ninety-three patients (aged between 50 and 75 years) with proved KOA were included and randomly allocated into three groups, and received 12 sessions of HILT, CPT, or ET. The outcomes were pain intensity measured by visual analog scale (VAS), knee flexion range of motion (FROM), timed up and go test (TUG), 6-min walk test (6MWT), and functionality of knee measured by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) questionnaire. Statistical analyses were done to compare the amounts at the baseline, immediately after treatment and after 12 weeks. HILT was significantly more effective than the other groups in decreasing the VAS, increasing FROM and improving the scores of WOMAC (total and function subscale) both after treatment and after 12 weeks. The effect of HILT and CPT on the TUG, 6MWT, and WOMAC pain subscale was not significantly different after treatment, and both were better than ET. HILT was significantly better than the others after follow-up, particularly more effective on the stiffness subscale of WOMAC. HILT combined with exercise therapy, as a useful therapeutic approach, could have positive influences on KOA patients.
https://ift.tt/2CfddS6
The role of nutrition in inflammatory pilosebaceous disorders: Implication of the skin‐gut axis
Australasian Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2ClAaDg
Setting sun pattern in dermoscopy of a scalp nodule
Australasian Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2wBSwKG
Decreased Systemic Levels of Endocan-1 and CXCL16 in Psoriasis Are Restored following Narrowband UVB Treatment
Dermatology
https://ift.tt/2ozkYs7
An investigator‐blinded, randomized, prospective, comparative study of efficacy of four anti‐inflammatory and barrier hand moisturizers in patients with chronic hand dermatitis
Dermatologic Therapy, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2PwFQvA
The use of etanercept for treatment of toxic epidermal necrolysis when toxic shock syndrome is in the differential
Dermatologic Therapy, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2oAPSjU
Values of body mass index (BMI) and body surface area (BSA) in patients with psoriatic arthritis treated with adalimumab: Preliminary report
Dermatologic Therapy, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2PzPaiz
“SENECA” Sinecatechins 10% ointment: A green tea extract for the treatment of actinic keratosis. Case series
Dermatologic Therapy, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2oAik5J
Adipose tissue, fillers, and skin tightening
Dermatologic Therapy, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2PxHGMH
Parasitoids of the eucalyptus gall wasp Leptocybe spp.: a global review
Abstract
The genus Leptocybe Fisher & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and its type species L. invasa were first described in 2004. Leptocybe spp. are global pests of eucalyptus plantations, and parasitoids play an important role in their control. In this review, we describe the species, distribution, biology, ecology and parasitism levels of Leptocybe spp. parasitoids and the problems associated with biological control programmes against Leptocybe spp. Additionally, prospects for the use of conservation or augmentative biological control programmes against Leptocybe spp. are discussed. Worldwide, approximately 23 species of parasitoids of Leptocybe spp. in 7 families and 10 genera have been found to date. Comparing the parasitism levels of the parasitoids showed that Quadrastichus mendeli, Selitrichodes neseri and several (approximately 4) native Megastigmus spp. could be exploited to manage Leptocybe spp. Available information on the Leptocybe spp. parasitoids is expected to improve our understanding related to ongoing studies of biological control programmes against Leptocybe spp.
https://ift.tt/2Q17LEZ
Electrode Penetration of the Caudate Nucleus in Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery for Parkinson’s Disease
Stereotact Funct Neurosurg
https://ift.tt/2C9mI4Y
Feasibility of 5-fluorouracil pharmacokinetic monitoring using the My-5FU PCM™ system in a quaternary oncology centre
Abstract
Purpose
5-Fluorouracil (5FU) drug exposure correlates with treatment response and toxicity in cancer patients. Dosing is based upon body surface area which does not correlate with 5FU pharmacokinetics (PK)/pharmacodynamics. Therapeutic drug monitoring has enabled real-time 5FU dose adjustments: reducing toxicity with increased efficacy. The aim of this study was to assess feasibility of a 5FU monitoring service utilising a commercial kit in a quaternary cancer centre and to compare PK parameters to previously published studies.
Methods
Cancer patients receiving continuous infusional (CI) 5FU with ECOG PS 0–2, and adequate organ function, were eligible. Patients had blood samples taken at t = 0, mid infusion (if feasible) then 2 h pre infusion end. 5FU levels were measured using a commercial kit (My-5FU PCM™). A feasibility questionnaire was completed by trial nurses and toxicity data were recorded at baseline and at the commencement of the next cycle. 5FU pharmacokinetic exposure parameters were calculated.
Results
Twenty patients (12 male; 8 female), median age 62, (range 37–71) had samples taken. Twenty (100%) feasibility forms were available for assessment. Blood samples were taken at 51/69 (74%) specified time points. Ease of sample processing was recorded as easy in all 20 patients. Patient compliance with scheduled visits was 18/20 (90%). One form noted other difficulties with predicting end of infusion time. 19/20 patients had blood samples analysed. Mean measured 5FU AUC (0-Tlast) for 5FU 1 g/m2 with platinum: 35.8 h mg/L (range 28.56–44.26), mean Css 372.2 µg/L (range 297.5–461.0); 5FU 600 mg/m2 with platinum: 12.42 h mg/L (range 6.91–18.29), mean Css 111.0 µg/L (72.0–190.5) and 5FU 2400 mg/m2 as part of FOLFOX ± bevacizumab: 14.75 h mg/L (range 6.74–22.93), mean Css 320.70 µg/L (range 146.5–498.5). One patient had grade 4 neutropenia and one patient without PK parameters experienced febrile neutropenia (grade 4 neutropenia). Mucositis was observed in two patients: [5FU/platinum (1), grade 1, FOXFOX ± bevacizumab (1) grade 1]. Diarrhoea was reported in three patients [5FU/platinum (2) grade 1–2, FOXFOX ± bevacizumab (1) grade 1].
Conclusion
Therapeutic 5FU drug monitoring was feasible using commercial kits and analysers and hence warrants development as a routine standard of care in cancer patients. The variability in the 5FU exposure parameters is consistent with other studies using the My 5FU PCM kit.
https://ift.tt/2LSJVIj
Primary adrenal insufficiency due to bilateral infiltrative disease
Abstract
Purpose
Evidence on clinical presentation, evaluation, and management of patients with primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) due to bilateral adrenal infiltrative disease is scarce. Our objective was to review the clinical presentation, biochemical work-up, imaging findings, and management of patients with PAI due to infiltrative adrenal disease in order to determine the best diagnostic and management approach.
Methods
Retrospective study of patients with PAI due to bilateral infiltrative adrenal disease referred for adrenal biopsy during 2000–2014 at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Two additional patients evaluated after 2014 were included.
Results
Seven patients (six males and one female) were diagnosed with PAI caused by bilateral adrenal infiltrative disease at a median age of 54 (range 36–80) years. Duration of symptoms prior to the diagnosis of PAI and initiating treatment was 6 months (range 3 months–4 years). All patients demonstrated bilateral adrenal masses on adrenal imaging. The underlying diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology and included: bilateral adrenal metastases (lung and breast adenocarcinoma), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, tuberculosis, cryptococcus, histoplasmosis, and, Erdheim-Chester disease.
Conclusion
In patients with newly diagnosed PAI, the differential diagnosis should include bilateral infiltrative adrenal disease, especially when testing for autoimmune adrenalitis is negative, or if there is clinical history suggesting another etiology. Patients who present with known bilateral adrenal infiltrative disease should be counseled and tested for PAI periodically, particularly if presenting with suggestive signs or symptoms.
https://ift.tt/2oA644X
Primary adrenal insufficiency due to bilateral infiltrative disease
Abstract
Purpose
Evidence on clinical presentation, evaluation, and management of patients with primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) due to bilateral adrenal infiltrative disease is scarce. Our objective was to review the clinical presentation, biochemical work-up, imaging findings, and management of patients with PAI due to infiltrative adrenal disease in order to determine the best diagnostic and management approach.
Methods
Retrospective study of patients with PAI due to bilateral infiltrative adrenal disease referred for adrenal biopsy during 2000–2014 at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota. Two additional patients evaluated after 2014 were included.
Results
Seven patients (six males and one female) were diagnosed with PAI caused by bilateral adrenal infiltrative disease at a median age of 54 (range 36–80) years. Duration of symptoms prior to the diagnosis of PAI and initiating treatment was 6 months (range 3 months–4 years). All patients demonstrated bilateral adrenal masses on adrenal imaging. The underlying diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology and included: bilateral adrenal metastases (lung and breast adenocarcinoma), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, tuberculosis, cryptococcus, histoplasmosis, and, Erdheim-Chester disease.
Conclusion
In patients with newly diagnosed PAI, the differential diagnosis should include bilateral infiltrative adrenal disease, especially when testing for autoimmune adrenalitis is negative, or if there is clinical history suggesting another etiology. Patients who present with known bilateral adrenal infiltrative disease should be counseled and tested for PAI periodically, particularly if presenting with suggestive signs or symptoms.
https://ift.tt/2oA644X
Toxicity potential of particles caused by particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PPAHs) at two roadside locations and relationship with traffic
Abstract
This study assessed exposure by the roadside to highly toxic particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PPAHs) that are known to adsorb preferentially on fine particles, aerodynamic diameter (dp ≤ 1 μm). The real-time air quality measurements were conducted in March, April, and May 2015 in Kanpur at two busy roadside locations: one outside IIT Kanpur main gate, IG, and another by a residential area, M3. The locations show varying land use type and traffic density. Higher averaged daily concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 were observed at IG (PM10 700–800 μg/m3) owing to nature and high density of traffic, and occurrence of biomass burning nearby. Statistically significant relation (R2 > 90%, p < 0.05) between PM1 and PM2.5 highlights the influence of mobile sources on particle load at IG. IG, the busier location, had higher daily averaged concentration of aggregate PPAHs (104 ng/m3) than M3 which is located near a residential area (38 ng/m3). In contrast, the higher average daily value of PC/DC ratio (mass per unit surface area of PPAHs on nanoparticles) at M3 (4.87 ng/mm2) than at IG (4.08 ng/mm2) suggests that PAHs of greater mass occur on particles at M3. Finer particles are known to adsorb pollutants of a larger mass that are likely to be more toxic in case of PAHs suggest that ambient air at M3 has more toxicity potential. However, this inference is not based on chemical analyses, and chemical characteristics must also be taken into account for the detailed assessment of health risk. The multiple path dosimetry model (MPPD-v3.04) reveals that the 99.02% of PM10 inhaled, 77.01% of PM2.5 and 34.54% of PM1 are deposited in the outermost (head) region of the human respiratory tract.
https://ift.tt/2oATnGY
Economic valuation of noise pollution control policy: does the type of noise matter?
Abstract
As the average noise level and number of noise sources have increased, governments have taken various measures to make soundscapes sustainable. Wise policy decisions require information about the monetary value of noise-control policies. This study elicited people's willingness to pay (WTP) for noise policies, separating traffic noise from residential noise to compare the value of controlling different types of noise. The contingent valuation method was used for the empirical analysis, with data from South Korea. The results show that the monthly mean WTP of respondents was KRW 3392.3 for residential noise reduction and KRW 3507.1 for transport noise reduction; thus, the WTP for the latter is slightly higher than that for the former. Moreover, about 80% of people are unwilling to pay for a noise policy at all, and that high ratio of people with zero WTP must be taken into consideration in the process of policy formulation and implementation. Respondents' experiential and psychological factors were found to be more important than their demographics in explaining their WTP for a noise policy. Potential policy implications based on the analysis results are provided.
https://ift.tt/2Px7UPt
Empirics on linkages among industrialization, urbanization, energy consumption, CO2 emissions and economic growth: a heterogeneous panel study of China
Abstract
This is the first attempt to explore linkages among industrialization, urbanization, energy consumption, CO2 emissions, and economic growth based on estimations in simultaneous equations framework. An economic growth model is extended to incorporate industrialization as shift factor and pollutant emissions as determinant of total factor productivity. A country panel of 30 Chinese provinces/cities and three regional panels, for periods 2000–2016, are estimated employing Augmented Mean Group (AMG) estimator as well as Common Correlated Effects Mean Group (CCEMG) estimator that are robust to both cross-sectional dependence and cointegration. The empirical findings are as follows: (i) the impact of urbanization on economic growth varied from negative to neutral to positive for western-, intermediate-, and eastern-economic zone, respectively, and is known as "urbanization ladder effect," (ii) moving from western to eastern economic zone, as regions develop, industry expansion has more powerful impact on economic growth, and thus, we define it as "industry expansion effect," (iii) industrialization promotes rapid urbanization in less developed and less employment saturated regions; hence, we name it as "employment saturation effect," (iv) economic growth in more developed regions pulled the CO2 emissions downward, while pushed it upward in case of less developed regions; therefore, we call it "growth pull/push effect," and (v) in bidirectional causality between energy consumption and economic growth, the "feedback effect" of economic growth remained dominant for all four panels. Based on empirical findings, policies are suggested for Chinese economy. Further, these policies have potential to extract implications for the rest of the world.
https://ift.tt/2NcKSjr
Correction to: Nematicidal potential of Taraxacum officinale
The original publication of this paper contains a mistake. Data on Table 1 under TR and TL column have been interchanged: that is compounds 1-12 and their amounts refer to TL; compounds 1-8 and related amounts refer to TR (see Fig. 1).
https://ift.tt/2PqW5u4
DFT/TDDFT insights into effects of dissociation and metal complexation on photochemical behavior of enrofloxacin in water
Abstract
Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the effects of different dissociated forms and metal ion complexation on the photochemical behavior of antibiotics in aqueous media is a key problem and requires further research. We examined the mechanism of the direct photolysis of enrofloxacin (ENRO) in different dissociated forms in water and the impact of metal ions (Mg2+) on the photolysis of ENRO using density functional theory and time-dependent density functional theory. The results showed that different dissociated forms of ENRO exhibited diverse maximum electronic absorbance wavelengths (ENRO3+ (264 nm) < ENRO− (278 nm) < ENRO0 (280 nm) < ENRO2+ (282 nm) < ENRO+ (306 nm)). The calculations of the reaction pathways and activation energies (Ea) in the photolysis of ENRO0/ENRO+/ENRO− showed that defluorination was the main reaction pathway. The removal of cyclopropane was the main reaction pathway for the direct photolysis of ENRO2+/ENRO3+. Furthermore, the presence of Mg2+ was observed to change the order of the maximum electronic absorbance wavelengths and increases the intensities of the ENRO absorbance peaks. Calculations of the photolysis reaction pathways showed that the presence of Mg2+ increased the Ea for the most direct photolysis pathways of ENRO, while its presence decreased the Ea for several partial direct photolysis pathways such as the pathway in which the piperazine ring moiety of ENRO0/ENRO3+ is damaged and the pathway in which cyclopropane is released from ENRO3+. The findings on the photolysis behavior of ENRO in water system have provided useful information on the risk assessment of antibiotics.
https://ift.tt/2wySFO4
Analysis of key genes and signaling pathways involved in Helicobacter pylori‐associated gastric cancer based on The Cancer Genome Atlas database and RNA sequencing data
Helicobacter, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2CdlBBs
Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy After Dental Extraction
https://ift.tt/2oAClZy
Κυριακή 2 Σεπτεμβρίου 2018
A novel case of an aggressive superficial spindle cell sarcoma in an adult resembling fibrosarcomatous dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans and harboring an EML4‐NTRK3 fusion
Journal of Cutaneous Pathology, Volume 0, Issue ja, -Not available-.
https://ift.tt/2wyyBwc
Changes in plasma interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels during the early treatment period as a predictor of the response to sorafenib in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Abstract
Purpose
This study aimed to identify a biomarker for predicting the response to sorafenib in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Methods
Of 100 patients with unresectable HCC who received sorafenib treatment in our institute (Cohort A), 48 had stored plasma samples collected within 28 days before the start of treatment (Cohort B). Concentrations of 18 plasma cytokines were measured in plasma samples using a sandwich immunoassay with multiplexed fluorescent bead-based technology. Among 27 patients with follow-up plasma samples taken at 5–10 days of treatment (Cohort C), changes in the 18 cytokines were also evaluated.
Results
In Cohort A, progressive disease (PD) according to the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST) was associated with poor overall survival by multivariate analysis (p = 0.024). In Cohort B, no significant differences in baseline concentrations of α-fetoprotein, des-γ-carboxy prothrombin, or the 18 cytokines were found between patients with PD and those with stable disease (SD) or partial response (PR). In Cohort C, the increase in interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) was significant in the PD group (p = 0.0063 and p < 0.001, respectively) but not in the SD + PR group (p = 0.67 and p = 0.15, respectively). In addition, the fold changes in interleukin-8 and in TNF-α were correlated (p < 0.001, r = 0.67).
Conclusions
Changes in plasma interleukin-8 and TNF-α levels during the first few days could predict the response to sorafenib therapy in HCC patients.
https://ift.tt/2Ndv146
Mycobacterium abscessus infection following penetrations through wetsuits
Australasian Journal of Dermatology, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2LScJ3I
Adjuvant treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis in adults by a herbal combination: Open German trial and review of the literature
Dermatologic Therapy, EarlyView.
https://ift.tt/2LQDiXb
Sudanese Association of Dermatologists Special Meeting, Khartoum, Sudan
Dermatologic Therapy, EarlyView.
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Growth of patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase in infancy, glucocorticoid requirement and the role of mineralocorticoid therapy
Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Issue: Ahead of print
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Brain network connectivity associated with anticipatory postural control in children and adults
Publication date: Available online 1 September 2018
Source: Cortex
Author(s): Fabien Cignetti, Marianne Vaugoyeau, Leslie M. Decker, Marie-Hélène Grosbras, Nadine Girard, Yves Chaix, Patrice Péran, Christine Assaiante
Abstract
Internal models provide a coherent framework for understanding motor behavior. Examples for the use of internal models include anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs), where the individual anticipates and cancels out the destabilizing effect of movement on body posture. Yet little is known about the functional changes in the brain supporting the development of APAs. Here, we addressed this issue by relating individual differences in APAs as assessed during bimanual load lifting to interindividual variation in brain network interactions at rest. We showed that the strength of the connectivity between three main canonical brain networks, namely the cingulo-opercular, the fronto-parietal and the somatosensory-motor networks, is an index of the ability to implement APAs from late childhood (9- to 11-year-old children). We also found an effect of age on the relationship between APAs and coupling strength between these networks, consistent with the notion that APAs are near but not yet fully mature in children. We discuss the implications of these findings for our understanding of learning disorders with impairment in predictive motor control.
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Trauma exposure acutely alters neural function during Pavlovian fear conditioning
Publication date: Available online 1 September 2018
Source: Cortex
Author(s): Nathaniel G. Harnett, Edward W. Ference, Kimberly H. Wood, Muriah D. Wheelock, Amy J. Knight, David C. Knight
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with dysfunction of the neural circuitry that supports fear learning and memory processes. However, much of what is known about neural dysfunction in PTSD is based on research in chronic PTSD populations. Less is known about neural function that supports fear learning acutely following trauma exposure. Determining the acute effects of trauma exposure on brain function would provide new insight into the neural processes that mediate the cognitive-affective dysfunction associated with PTSD. Therefore, the present study investigated neural activity that supports fear learning and memory processes in recently Trauma-Exposed (TE) and Non-Trauma-Exposed (NTE) participants. Participants completed a Pavlovian fear conditioning procedure during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). During fMRI, participants' threat expectancy was continuously monitored. NTE participants showed greater threat expectancy during warning than safety cues, while no difference was observed in the TE group. This finding suggests TE participants overgeneralized the fear association to the safety cue. Further, only the TE group showed a negative relationship between fMRI signal responses within dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (PFC) and threat expectancy during safety cues. These results suggest the dorsomedial PFC mediates overgeneralization of learned fear as an acute result of trauma exposure. Finally, neural activity within the PFC and inferior parietal lobule showed a negative relationship with PTSD symptom severity assessed three months posttrauma. Thus, neural activity measured acutely following trauma exposure predicted future PTSD symptom severity. The present findings elucidate the acute effects of trauma exposure on cognitive-affective function and provide new insight into the neural mechanisms of PTSD.
https://ift.tt/2oyxk3G
Polarity-Dependent Modulation of Multi-Spectral Neuronal Activity by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
Publication date: Available online 1 September 2018
Source: Cortex
Author(s): Alex I. Wiesman, Mackenzie S. Mills, Timothy J. McDermott, Rachel K. Spooner, Nathan M. Coolidge, Tony W. Wilson
Abstract
The ability to preferentially deploy neural resources to the visual space is an important component of normative cognitive function, however, the population-level cortical dynamics that sub-serve this ability are not fully understood. Specifically, rhythmic activity in the occipital cortices (e.g., theta, alpha, and gamma oscillations) has been strongly implicated in this cognitive process, but these neural responses are difficult to non-invasively manipulate in a systematic manner. In this study, transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) was used to modulate brain activity, while high-density magnetoencephalography (MEG) was employed to quantify changes in rhythm-specific neural activity in the occipital cortices of 57 adults performing a visuospatial processing paradigm. All MEG data was analyzed using advanced source reconstruction and oscillatory analysis methods. Our results indicated that basal levels of occipital alpha activity were increased by an occipital-anodal/supraorbital-cathodal tDCS montage, while basal gamma levels in the same cortices were decreased by tDCS using the same montage with its polarity reversed (occipital-cathodal/supraorbital-anodal). In other words, stimulation with the occipital-anodal montage increased local spontaneous alpha (10-16 Hz) activity, while stimulation with the occipital-cathodal montage selectively decreased local gamma (64-90 Hz) activity. Neither polarity affected stimulus-induced oscillations in the alpha or gamma range. Additionally, these modulations strongly predicted the subsequent formation of fronto-visual functional connectivity within distinct oscillatory rhythms, as well as behavior on the visuospatial discrimination task. These findings provide insight into the multifaceted effects of tDCS on cortical activity, as well as the dynamic oscillatory coding of salient information in the human brain.
https://ift.tt/2NJrxnf
Morphological processing in the brain: the good (inflection), the bad (derivation) and the ugly (compounding)
Publication date: Available online 1 September 2018
Source: Cortex
Author(s): A. Leminen, E. Smolka, J.A. Duñabeitia, C. Pliatsikas
Abstract
There is considerable behavioral evidence that morphologically complex words such as 'tax-able' and 'kiss-es' are processed and represented combinatorially. In other words, they are decomposed into their constituents 'tax' and '-able' during comprehension (reading or listening), and producing them might also involve on-the-spot combination of these constituents (especially for inflections). However, despite increasing amount of neurocognitive research, the neural mechanisms underlying these processes are still not fully understood. The purpose of this critical review is to offer a comprehensive overview on the state-of-the-art of the research on the neural mechanisms of morphological processing. In order to take into account all types of complex words, we include findings on inflected, derived, and compound words presented both visually and aurally. More specifically, we cover a wide range of electro- and magnetoencephalography (EEG and MEG, respectively) as well as structural/functional magnetic resonance imaging (s/fMRI) studies that focus on morphological processing. We present the findings with respect to the temporal course and localization of morphologically complex word processing. We summarize the observed findings, their interpretations with respect to current psycholinguistic models, and discuss methodological approaches as well as their possible limitations.
https://ift.tt/2N7pDzz
Altered expression of microRNA-23a in psoriatic arthritis modulates synovial fibroblast pro-inflammatory mechanisms via phosphodiesterase 4B
Publication date: Available online 1 September 2018
Source: Journal of Autoimmunity
Author(s): Sarah M. Wade, Michelle Trenkmann, Trudy McGarry, Mary Canavan, Viviana Marzaioli, Siobhan C. Wade, Douglas J. Veale, Ursula Fearon
Abstract
Objectives
To investigate the functional role of miR-23a in synovial fibroblasts (SFC) activation in psoriatic arthritis (PsA).
Methods
Differential expression of the miR-23a-27a-24-2 cluster was identified by real-time quantitative PCR in PsA synovial tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) compared to osteoarthritis (OA) and correlated with disease activity. For regulation experiments, PsA synovial fibroblasts (SFC) were cultured with Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and pro-inflammatory cytokines. PsA SFC were transfected with a miR-23a inhibitor to assess the functional effect on migration, invasion and expression of pro-inflammatory meditators. The direct interaction between miR-23a and predicted target mRNA, phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B), was examined by luciferase reporter gene assay, with the expression and regulation confirmed by RT-PCR and western blot. A PDE4 inhibitor was used to analyse the function of PDE4B signalling in both miR-23a and Poly(I:C)-induced PsA SFC activation.
Results
Synovial tissue expression of miR-23a was lower in PsA compared to OA and correlated inversely with disease activity and synovitis. TLR activation via Poly(I:C) and LPS, but not Pam3CSK4, significantly decreased miR-23a expression, with no significant effect observed in reponse to stimulation with pro-inflammatory cytokines. Decreased miR-23a expression enhanced PsA SFC migration, invasion and secretion of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, RANTES and VEGF. We identified PDE4B as a direct target of miR-23a and demonstrated enhanced mRNA and protein expression of PDE4B in anti-miR-23a transfected PsA SFC. Poly(I:C) and/or miR-23a-induced migration and enhanced cytokine expression was suppressed by the blockade of PDE4 signalling.
Conclusions
In PsA, dysregulated miR-23a expression contributes to synovial inflammation through enhanced SFC activation, via PDE4B signalling, and identifies a novel anti-inflammatory mechanism of PDE4 blockade.
https://ift.tt/2N7keZj
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Ειδοποίηση Μελετητή:[ ωτα ] [HTML] Gender, identity and material: Film screening C Brand - 2017 ftypM4V *M4V M4A mp42isom*a┌moovlmvhd...
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Publication date: September 2017 Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Volume 110 Author(s): Lucía Fernández-del-Río, Anish Nag, Elen...
