Breastfeeding after Gestational Diabetes: GIS Analysis of Maternal-Infant Health Interventions

Publication date: September 2017
Source:Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Volume 117, Issue 9, Supplement
Author(s): E. MacQuillan, A. Curtis




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Middle East Dietetics Needs Assessment: Identifying Opportunities for Future Collaborative Activities

Publication date: September 2017
Source:Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Volume 117, Issue 9, Supplement
Author(s): E. Myers, R. Hakeem, N. Bdour, T. Kour, F. Atayata, S. Tashtoush, N. Cakir Bicer, S. Sakar, C. Erginbas, R. Kahill, M. Herrera, M. Boyd




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Back to Basics: All About MyPlate Food Groups

Publication date: September 2017
Source:Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Volume 117, Issue 9
Author(s): Sarah Chang, Kristin Koegel




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Prevalence of Food Insecurity among Hospitalized Patients

Publication date: September 2017
Source:Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Volume 117, Issue 9, Supplement
Author(s): D. Sowa, C. Hartney, A. Asthana, S. Peterson




http://ift.tt/2vtHTX4

Deepening the Commitment to Interprofessional Education and Practice: Updates from the Global Forum on Innovation in Health Professional Education and the Interprofessional Education Collaborative

Publication date: September 2017
Source:Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Volume 117, Issue 9, Supplement
Author(s): K. Eliot, K. Kolasa




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Role of Nutrition Focused Physical Exam (NFPE) in the Identification of Malnutrition in Pediatric Patients

Publication date: September 2017
Source:Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Volume 117, Issue 9, Supplement
Author(s): R. Pipkorn, C. Leon, J. Crouse, N. Fabus, M.B. Feuling, C. Karls, E. Polzin, A. Smith, M. Froh




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Carbohydrate Intake Estimates Do Not Differ by Nursing or Nutrition Discipline or by Two Methods of Evaluation in Acute Care Diabetic Patients at an Academic Medical Center

Publication date: September 2017
Source:Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Volume 117, Issue 9, Supplement
Author(s): B. Atkinson, M. Perrigue, S. Singh, D. Cuddeback, S. Roesor-Loken, A. Lillie, L. Suhr, D. Corl, W. Brent




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State Dietetic Practice Group Gets Involved in State Regulation Revisions: Relevant, Vital and Never Dull

Publication date: September 2017
Source:Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Volume 117, Issue 9, Supplement
Author(s): P. Fatzinger McShane, J. Geer, J. Rowley




http://ift.tt/2vu7RJL

Design and Synthesis of Benzoacridines as Estrogenic and Anti-Estrogenic Agents

Publication date: Available online 24 August 2017
Source:Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
Author(s): Kohei Torikai, Rintaro Koga, Xiaohui Liu, Kaoru Umehara, Tatsuya Kitano, Kenji Watanabe, Tohru Oishi, Hiroshi Noguchi, Yasuyuki Shimohigashi
Estrogens play undisputedly important physiological roles, but lifetime exposure to estrogens has also been linked to the development of breast cancer. Moreover, imbalanced estrogen levels have been associated with various symptoms such as osteoporosis and menopausal disorders. For the improvement of such estrogen imbalances, estrogenic reagents with regulatory properties have shown promising potential. Herein, we report the construction of a 12-arylbenzoacridine library via a diversity-oriented strategy that furnished non-toxic estrogenic and anti-estrogenic agents. Derivatives with a hydroxy group at the molecular edge exhibit potent binding affinity to the estrogen receptor α (ERα) and ERβ (IC50 < μM), while binding to the estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ), i.e., an orphan nuclear receptor on which estrogens often trigger unfavorable events, was not observed. These findings offer valuable insights into 12-arylbenzoacridines as a novel platform for the development of selective estrogen-receptor modulators (SERMs).

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Pyrrolizines: design, synthesis, anticancer evaluation and investigation of the potential mechanism of action

Publication date: Available online 24 August 2017
Source:Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
Author(s): Ahmed M. Gouda, Ahmed H. Abdelazeem, Hany A. Omar, Ashraf N. Abdalla, Mohammed A.S. Abourehab, Hamed I. Ali
A novel set of pyrrolizine-5-carboxamides has been synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer potential against human breast MCF-7, lung carcinoma A549 and hepatoma Hep3B cancer cell lines. Compound 10c was the most active against MCF-7 with IC50 value of 4.72 µM, while compound 12b was the most active against A549 and Hep3B cell lines. Moreover, kinases/COXs inhibition and apoptosis induction were suggested as potential molecular mechanisms for the anticancer activity of the novel pyrrolizines based on their structural features. The new compounds significantly inhibited COX-1 and COX-2 with IC50 values in the ranges of 5.78-11.96 µM and 0.1-0.78 µM, respectively with high COX-2 selectivity over COX-1. Interestingly, the most potent compound in MTT assay, compound 12b, exhibited high inhibitory activity against COX-2 with selectivity index (COX-1/COX-2) > 100. Meanwhile, compound 12b displayed weak to moderate inhibition of six kinases with inhibition% (7-20%) compared to imatinib (inhibition% = 1-38%). The results of cell cycle analysis, annexin V PI/FITC apoptosis assay and caspase-3/7 assay revealed that compound 12b has the ability to induce apoptosis. The docking results of compound 12b into the active sites of COXs, ALK1 and Aurora A indicated that it fits nicely inside their active sites. Overall, the current study highlighted the significant anticancer activity of the newly synthesized pyrrolizines with a potential multi-targeted mechanism which could serve as a base for future studies and further structural optimization into potential anticancer agents.

Graphical abstract

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β-Arrestin biased dopamine D2 receptor partial agonists: synthesis and pharmacological evaluation

Publication date: Available online 24 August 2017
Source:Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
Author(s): Barbara Männel, Harald Hübner, Dorothée Möller, Peter Gmeiner
β-Arrestin biased G protein-coupled receptor ligands represent important molecular probes and may increase favorable drug action and safety as novel therapeutics. Starting from recently discovered hydroxy-substituted heterocyclic piperazine scaffolds, we have developed a series of dopamine D2 receptor ligands with a pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine as secondary pharmacophore that is functionalized in position 3 by a formyl or hydroxyiminomethyl substituent. The ligands, especially the benzoxazinone 9d, were found to display substantial β-arrestin-2 recruitment, while being nearly devoid of activity in a GTPγS binding assay. Investigating a new series of truncated analogs lacking a secondary pharmacophore, considerable β-arrestin-2 recruitment in the absence of G protein activation was found, when a 5-hydroxy-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-3(4H)-one was combined with an N-propyl-substituted 1,4-diazepane (15c). Although 15c displayed reduced potency compared to 9d, the dose-response curves indicate that a hydroxy-substituted heterocyclic primary pharmacophore is sufficient for the functionally selective activation of D2R.

Graphical abstract

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Microcystins: Synthesis and structure–activity relationship studies toward PP1 and PP2A

Publication date: Available online 24 August 2017
Source:Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry
Author(s): Miriam Fontanillo, Maja Köhn
Microcystins are highly toxic cyanotoxins responsible for plant, animal and human poisoning. Exposure to microcystins, mainly through drinkable water and contaminated food, is a current world health concern. Although it is quite challenging, the synthesis of these potent cyanotoxins, analogs and derivatives helps to detect them, to evaluate their toxicological properties, and to elucidate their binding mechanisms to their main targets Protein Phosphatase-1 (PP1) and -2A (PP2A). This review focuses on synthetic approaches to prepare microcystins and analogs and compiles structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies that describe the unique features of microcystins that make them so potent.

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Phenolic Glycolipid Facilitates Mycobacterial Escape from Microbicidal Tissue-Resident Macrophages

Publication date: Available online 24 August 2017
Source:Immunity
Author(s): C.J. Cambier, Seónadh M. O'Leary, Mary P. O'Sullivan, Joseph Keane, Lalita Ramakrishnan
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) enters the host in aerosol droplets deposited in lung alveoli, where the bacteria first encounter lung-resident alveolar macrophages. We studied the earliest mycobacterium-macrophage interactions in the optically transparent zebrafish. First-responding resident macrophages phagocytosed and eradicated infecting mycobacteria, suggesting that to establish a successful infection, mycobacteria must escape out of the initially infected resident macrophage into growth-permissive monocytes. We defined a critical role for mycobacterial membrane phenolic glycolipid (PGL) in engineering this transition. PGL activated the STING cytosolic sensing pathway in resident macrophages, inducing the production of the chemokine CCL2, which in turn recruited circulating CCR2⁺ monocytes toward infection. Transient fusion of infected macrophages with CCR2⁺ monocytes enabled bacterial transfer and subsequent dissemination, and interrupting this transfer so as to prolong mycobacterial sojourn in resident macrophages promoted clearing of infection. Human alveolar macrophages produced CCL2 in a PGL-dependent fashion following infection, arguing for the potential of PGL-blocking interventions or PGL-targeting vaccine strategies in the prevention of tuberculosis.Video Abstract

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Teaser

Cambier et al. find that activation of the STING pathway in lung-resident microbicidal macrophages by the mycobacterial surface lipid PGL enables bacterial escape by inducing the recruitment of mycobacterium-permissive monocytes via the CCL2-CCR2 chemokine axis. Their findings reveal a relocation strategy that enables mycobacterial dissemination, and argue for the potential of interventions targeting PGL in the prevention of tuberculosis.


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Late Presentation of Popliteal Angiosarcoma After Previously Treated Popliteal Artery Aneurysm

Publication date: Available online 23 August 2017
Source:European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery
Author(s): M. Cherchi, S. Camparini




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Arteriovenous Fistulae for Haemodialysis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Efficacy and Safety Outcomes

Publication date: Available online 23 August 2017
Source:European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery
Author(s): L.C. Bylsma, S.M. Gage, H. Reichert, S.L.M. Dahl, J.H. Lawson
BackgroundArteriovenous fistulae are the currently recommended gold standard vascular access modality for haemodialysis because of their prolonged patency, improved durability, and low risk of infection for those that mature. However, notable disadvantages are observed in terms of protracted maturation time, associated high rates of catheter use, and substantial abandonment rates. The aim of this study was to quantitatively summarize the outcomes of fistula patency, infection, maturation, and abandonment published in the scientific literature.MethodsThis was a systematic review and meta-analyses of studies evaluating fistula outcomes. Literature searches were conducted in multiple databases to identify observational and interventional studies of mean fistula patency rates at 1 year, infection risk, maturation time, and abandonment. Digitisation software was used to simulate individual patient level data from Kaplan–Meier survival plots.ResultsOver 8000 studies were reviewed, and from these, 318 studies were included comprising 62,712 accesses. For fistulas the primary unassisted, primary assisted, and secondary patency rates at one year were 64%, 73% and 79% respectively, however not all fistulas reported as patent could be confirmed as being clinically useful for dialysis (i.e. functional patency). For fistulas that were reported as mature, mean time to maturation was 3.5 months, however only 26% of created fistulas were reported as mature at 6 months and 21% of fistulas were abandoned without use. Overall risk of infection in fistula patients was 4.1% and the overall rate per 100 access days was 0.018.ConclusionsReported fistula patency rates may overstate their potential clinical utility when time to maturation, maturation rate, abandonment and infection are considered. Protracted maturation times, abandonment and infection all have a significant impact on evaluating the clinical utility of fistula creation. A rigorous and consistent set of outcomes definitions for hemodialysis access are necessary to clarify factors contributing to fistula success and the clinical consequence of fistula failure.



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Mothers' loss of control over eating during pregnancy in relation to their infants' appetitive traits

Publication date: 1 January 2018
Source:Appetite, Volume 120
Author(s): Rachel P. Kolko, Rachel H. Salk, Gina M. Sweeny, Marsha D. Marcus, Michele D. Levine




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Renal collision tumor composed of oncocytoma and mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma: case report of an unprecedented entity

Publication date: Available online 24 August 2017
Source:Human Pathology
Author(s): Komal Arora, Ross Miller, Seema Mullick, Steven Shen, Alberto G. Ayala, Jae Y. Ro
Primary renal collision tumors composed of two histologically distinct components are rare with only isolated case reports in the medical literature. Oncocytoma is a benign renal neoplasm, which is thought to originate from distal tubular epithelial cells. Mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma (MTSCC) of kidney is a rare, relatively recently described renal neoplasm that was first included in the 2004 World Health Organization RCC classification as a distinct entity. Current studies suggest the tumor originates from the proximal nephron, although it is still controversial. The presence of concurrent oncocytoma with conventional (clear cell) RCC, chromophobe RCC and papillary RCC has been previously described. However, the association of oncocytoma with MTSCC has not yet been reported to our knowledge. Herein, we report the first case of a renal collision tumor composed of oncocytoma and MTSCC.



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Postablation neuroma of the myometrium – a report of 5 cases

Publication date: Available online 24 August 2017
Source:Human Pathology
Author(s): Stewart F. Cramer, Debra S. Heller
When hysterectomy is performed for chronic pelvic pain, routine pathology examination often provides no explanation. However, analysis of small uterine nerves using immunostains may help to address this deficiency. Small uterine nerves tend to be sparse or absent in wide areas of normal myometrium. Some studies of uterine nerves have suggested that endometriosis, adenomyosis, and fibroids are not inherently painful, with increased small nerves in the inner uterine wall associated with the history of pelvic pain. Although such areas may appear normal on Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), we have found a subtle inner wall lesion termed inner myometrial elastosis, best detected with trichrome or elastic stains, which may be a reaction to microscopic tears of inner myometrium. Such tears may induce increased inner wall innervation via the generation of Nerve Growth Factor in granulation tissue. In the course of studying uterine nerves with immunostains, we found 5 cases with florid nerve proliferation, after deep endometrial ablation for abnormal uterine bleeding led to increased pelvic pain. We suggest that immunostains for postablation neuromas should be done in hysterectomies when pelvic pain increases after endometrial ablation. This may offer gynecologists and their patients an objective finding with a rational, scientific explanation for the pelvic pain.



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Ring Chromosome in Myeloid Neoplasms is Associated with Complex Karyotype and Disease Progression

Publication date: Available online 24 August 2017
Source:Human Pathology
Author(s): Matthew W Rosenbaum, Olga Pozdnyakova, Julia T Geyer, Paola Dal Cin, Robert Hasserjian
Ring chromosome (RC) is a poorly understood genetic anomaly seen in myeloid neoplasms. This study aims to shed light on the clinical significance of this finding. We identified 96 cases of myeloid neoplasms with RC from 3 academic hospitals. Clinicopathologic features and overall- (OS) and leukemia-free survival were reviewed and compared to cases of myeloid neoplasms lacking RC. We identified 59 acute myeloid leukemias (AML-RC) and 37 myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS-RC) with RC identified on routine karyotyping. 75% of AML-RC and 97% of MDS-RC had complex (>3 independent cytogenetic abnormalities) karyotypes. The median OS of AML-RC with complex karyotype was significantly shorter than AML-RC patients with a non-complex (≤3 independent cytogenetic abnormalities) karyotype (P=.001), but similar to AML patients with complex karyotype lacking RC (p=n.s.). Compared to complex karyotype MDS lacking RC, MDS-RC patients had shorter leukemia-free survival (P=.016) and a trend for shorter overall survival (P=.10). RCs are associated with an inferior leukemia-free survival in MDS with complex karyotype. AML-RC with complex karyotype had similar outcomes to complex karyotype AML lacking RC, but shorter survival than AML-RC with a non-complex karyotype. RCs were sometimes lost after therapy or appeared during disease relapse, suggesting that they may be associated with genetic instability.



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Avoiding Surgical Skill Decay: A Systematic Review on the Spacing of Training Sessions

Publication date: Available online 24 August 2017
Source:Journal of Surgical Education
Author(s): Dario Cecilio-Fernandes, Fokie Cnossen, Debbie A.D.C. Jaarsma, René A. Tio
ObjectiveSpreading training sessions over time instead of training in just 1 session leads to an improvement of long-term retention for factual knowledge. However, it is not clear whether this would also apply to surgical skills. Thus, we performed a systematic review to find out whether spacing training sessions would also improve long-term retention of surgical skills.DesignWe searched the Medline, PsycINFO, Embase, Eric, and Web of Science online databases. We only included articles that were randomized trials with a sample of medical trainees acquiring surgical motor skills in which the spacing effect was reported. The quality and bias of the articles were assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias assessment tool.ResultsWith respect to the spacing effect, 1955 articles were retrieved. After removing duplicates and articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria, 11 articles remained. The overall quality of the experiments was "moderate." Trainees in the spaced condition scored higher in a retention test than students in the massed condition.ConclusionsOur systematic review showed evidence that spacing training sessions improves long-term surgical skills retention when compared to massed practice. However, the optimal gap between the re-study sessions is unclear.



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