Ring Chromosome in Myeloid Neoplasms is Associated with Complex Karyotype and Disease Progression

Publication date: Available online 24 August 2017
Source:Human Pathology
Author(s): Matthew W Rosenbaum, Olga Pozdnyakova, Julia T Geyer, Paola Dal Cin, Robert Hasserjian
Ring chromosome (RC) is a poorly understood genetic anomaly seen in myeloid neoplasms. This study aims to shed light on the clinical significance of this finding. We identified 96 cases of myeloid neoplasms with RC from 3 academic hospitals. Clinicopathologic features and overall- (OS) and leukemia-free survival were reviewed and compared to cases of myeloid neoplasms lacking RC. We identified 59 acute myeloid leukemias (AML-RC) and 37 myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS-RC) with RC identified on routine karyotyping. 75% of AML-RC and 97% of MDS-RC had complex (>3 independent cytogenetic abnormalities) karyotypes. The median OS of AML-RC with complex karyotype was significantly shorter than AML-RC patients with a non-complex (≤3 independent cytogenetic abnormalities) karyotype (P=.001), but similar to AML patients with complex karyotype lacking RC (p=n.s.). Compared to complex karyotype MDS lacking RC, MDS-RC patients had shorter leukemia-free survival (P=.016) and a trend for shorter overall survival (P=.10). RCs are associated with an inferior leukemia-free survival in MDS with complex karyotype. AML-RC with complex karyotype had similar outcomes to complex karyotype AML lacking RC, but shorter survival than AML-RC with a non-complex karyotype. RCs were sometimes lost after therapy or appeared during disease relapse, suggesting that they may be associated with genetic instability.



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