Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Issue: Ahead of print
http://ift.tt/2uVbbS5
Τρίτη 25 Ιουλίου 2017
Type 1 rhizomelic chondrodysplasia punctata with a homozygous PEX7 mutation
Severe hypertriglyceridemia at new onset type 1 diabetes mellitus
Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Issue: Ahead of print
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Sensitivity and specificity of cystic fibrosis-related diabetes screening methods: which test should be the reference method?
Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Issue: Ahead of print
http://ift.tt/2uVjk91
Growth and pubertal patterns in young survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Issue: Ahead of print
http://ift.tt/2vGGFcb
Endocrine aspects in cystic fibrosis
Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Issue: Ahead of print
http://ift.tt/2uUSAW9
45,X/46,XY ovotesticular disorder of sex development revisited: undifferentiated gonadal tissue may be mistaken as ovarian tissue
Journal Name: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
Issue: Ahead of print
http://ift.tt/2vGFh9H
Altmetrics: A Measure of Social Attention Toward Scientific Research
Source:Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology
Author(s): Akshay D. Baheti, Puneet Bhargava
The quality and effect of scientific research is traditionally measured by citation-based metrics. However, the internet and social media revolution has led to radical changes in the way scientific information is shared and how it affects the world. Alternative metrics (altmetrics) is a rapidly evolving measure to quantify social media attention received by a scientific work. It is a complement to the conventional metrics and has tremendous potential in enabling faster alternative ways of evaluating research impact. We discuss the Altmetric Score and the growing role of altmetrics for measuring research impact.
http://ift.tt/2uvesGK
Clinical Breast MRI: Technique, Indications and Future Applications
Source:Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI
Author(s): Heather I. Greenwood, Rita I. Freimanis, Bianca M. Carpentier, Bonnie N. Joe
Breast MRI is the most sensitive imaging modality for the detection of breast cancer, and is indicated for breast cancer screening in patients at high-risk of developing breast cancer. It is limited to this group given the high cost. In addition breast MRI is also indicated for evaluating extent of disease in patients with new breast cancer diagnoses, monitoring the response to neoadjuvant treatment, and evaluating implant integrity. New promising innovations in breast MRI include fast abbreviated MRI, and functional techniques including diffusion weighted imaging and MR spectroscopy are promising particularly as regards to treatment response.
http://ift.tt/2h146cS
The paired t test and beyond: recommendations for testing the central tendencies of two paired samples in research on speech, language and hearing pathology
Source:Journal of Communication Disorders
Author(s): Toni Rietveld, Roeland van Hout
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Chewing gum decreases energy intake at lunch following a controlled breakfast
Source:Appetite, Volume 118
Author(s): Kathleen J. Melanson, Daniel L. Kresge
The impact of chewing gum on fasting appetite or meal intake has not been studied. We tested the hypothesis that chewing gum would decrease lunch intake after a controlled breakfast, and reduce hunger in fasting and fed states. Seventeen males and sixteen females (21.4 ± 6.3y, BMI 23.8 ± 2.7 kg/m2) participated in a randomized crossover study in which subjects chewed sugar-free gum a total of 1 h on the test day (GC), and did not chew gum on a control day (NG). The 1 h of gum chewing included 20 min while fasting, and two 20-min sessions between breakfast and lunch. Subjects rated their appetite and mood on visual analog scales. After completing the fasting measures, subjects consumed a breakfast shake containing 30% of their measured resting energy expenditure. Three hours later they consumed an ad libitum lunch with water. Fasting ratings of hunger were lower in GC than NG (t = 2.66, p = 0.01). Subjects consumed significantly less pasta (41 g, 68 kcals, t = 2.32, p = 0.03) during GC than NG. In conclusion, gum chewing decreased fasting hunger ratings and lunch energy consumed. Chewing gum may be a useful tool impacting energy balance in this population. Longer studies, especially in other populations, will be required.
http://ift.tt/2uuSPpZ
Outcomes of Clostridium difficile–infected patients managed in a common isolation unit compared with isolation in their bed of diagnosis
Source:American Journal of Infection Control
Author(s): Dante Alí García-Lecona, Elvira Garza-González, Magaly Padilla-Orozco, Lidia Mendoza-Flores, Samatha Flores-Treviño, Soraya Mendoza-Olazaran, Adrián Camacho-Ortiz
Cohorting Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) patients is a strategy which has not been thoroughly evaluated. We compared clinical characteristics and outcomes of CDI patients treated in a common isolation unit (CIU) versus those treated in their bed of diagnosis. Patients treated in the CIU showed lower mortality rates and antibiotic usage; however, a higher recurrence rate was reported.
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Health care worker perspectives of their motivation to reduce health care–associated infections
Source:American Journal of Infection Control
Author(s): Laura McClung, Chidi Obasi, Mary Jo Knobloch, Nasia Safdar
BackgroundHealth care–associated infections (HAIs) are largely preventable, but are associated with considerable health care burden. Given the significant cost of HAIs, many health care institutions have implemented bundled interventions to reduce HAIs. These complex behavioral interventions require considerable effort; however, individual behaviors and motivations crucial to successful and sustained implementation have not been adequately assessed. We evaluated health care worker motivations to reduce HAIs.MethodsThis was a phenomenologic qualitative study of health care workers in different roles within a university hospital, recruited via a snowball strategy. Using constructs from the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research model, face-to-face semi-structured interviews were used to explore perceptions of health care worker motivation to follow protocols on HAI prevention.ResultsAcross all types of health care workers interviewed, patient safety and improvement in clinical outcomes were the major motivators to reducing HAIs. Other important motivators included collaborative environment that valued individual input, transparency and feedback at both organizational and individual levels, leadership involvement, and refresher trainings and workshops. We did not find policy, regulatory considerations, or financial penalties to be important motivators.ConclusionsHealth care workers perceived patient safety and clinical outcomes as the primary motivators to reduce HAI. Leadership engagement and data-driven interventions with frequent performance feedback were also identified as important facilitators of HAI prevention.
http://ift.tt/2uuKcfi
Intravenous Immunoglobulin as Adjunct Therapy for Refractory Pyoderma Gangrenosum: Systematic Review of Cases and Case Series
Summary
Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare neutrophilic dermatosis. Treatment regimens for refractory cases are non-standardized. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is an emerging treatment with reported success, but the efficacy of IVIG for PG is unknown. In this systematic review of cases and case series, we assessed the efficacy of IVIG for treatment of PG, as observed at our institution and reported in the literature. A retrospective chart review at two tertiary care hospitals between 2000-2015, and literature searches in PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science from all years were conducted. There were 49 total patients, including 43 patients from 26 articles and 6 institutional cases. There was complete or partial response in 43 (87.8%) patients and complete response in 26 (53.1%) patients. The mean time to initial response to treatment and treatment length were 3.5 (3.3) weeks and 5.9 (7.8) months, respectively. On average, 2.6 treatments had been trialed before IVIG initiation. IVIG was administered with systemic steroids in 43 (87.8%) cases. Mild adverse events, especially nausea and headache, were reported in 12 (24.5%) patients. Our systematic review suggests a potential role for IVIG as adjuvant therapy for refractory PG. Prospective clinical trials testing the efficacy of IVIG for refractory PG are needed to validate these findings.
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Long-acting Somatostatin Analogues in the Treatment of Unresectable/Metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Publication date: Available online 25 July 2017
Source:Seminars in Oncology
Author(s): Thomas Enzler, Tito Fojo
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are a relatively rare and heterogeneous group of neoplasms with an annual incidence of ~35 cases per 100,000 people in the U.S. The updated World Health Organization (WHO) classification system of gastroenteropancreatic (GEP-) NETs categorizes these tumors according to site of origin, clinical syndrome, and degree of differentiation. Well-differentiated NETs arising from the gastrointestinal tract or lungs (formerly known as carcinoid tumors) are often indolent and slowly growing. In contrast, poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) are aggressive and have a poor prognosis. Due to their insidious onset, most NETs are diagnosed at an advanced stage and a curative approach is not possible. In these patients, medical therapy is limited to disease control including relief of symptoms that arise from overproduction of peptide hormones by the tumors. Somatostatin analogues (SSAs) have remained the mainstay of symptoms control. In addition to symptoms control, clinical data also support an anti-proliferative effect of SSAs in patients with well to moderately differentiated NETs. Long-acting SSAs have greatly facilitated their use. This review will focus on two long acting SSAs, octreotide LAR and lanreotide and their use in the clinical setting. Information necessary to assess their relative merits is summarized. We conclude these two therapies are interchangeable making value a very important consideration in their use.
http://ift.tt/2tAkWRT
Rheology of a Carbon Dot Gel
Publication date: Available online 25 July 2017
Source:Inorganica Chimica Acta
Author(s): Yiwen Ji, Yiqun Zhou, Eric Waidely, Alexandra Desserre, M. Hensley Marksberry, Charles C. Chusuei, Aijaz Ahmad Dar, Oyais Ahmad Chat, Shanghao Li, Roger M. Leblanc
Carbon dots have received great attention as a result of the favorable optical properties these nanoparticles possess. While much work has been done toward enhancing the optical properties, little investigation has been done on the materialistic properties of these nontoxic nanoparticles. Herein, a simple one-pot procedure for producing a highly viscous, thixotropic carbon dot gel material is presented. The carbon dots possess tunable emissions that are excitation-wavelength dependent and are an ideally viscous material.
Graphical abstract
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Scholar : These new articles for Xenobiotica are available online
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MAIT cells in infectious diseases
Source:Current Opinion in Immunology, Volume 48
Author(s): Marion Salou, Katarzyna Franciszkiewicz, Olivier Lantz
In humans, MAIT cells represent the most abundant T cell subset reacting against bacteria. Their frequency in the blood is decreased in a large variety of infectious diseases of either bacterial or viral origin. MAIT cells accumulate at the site of bacterial infection and are protective in experimental infection models. Recent epidemiological evidence supports an implication of MAIT cells in protecting against tuberculosis. MAIT cells can be activated either through direct recognition of microbial ligands or by inflammatory cytokines such as IL-12 and IL-18. MAIT cells secrete IFN-γ, IL-17 and/or other effector molecules according to the context of triggering. MAIT cells can kill bacterially infected epithelial cells in vitro. Herein, we summarize and discuss the data suggesting a role for MAIT cells in infectious diseases.
http://ift.tt/2eJtFi2
TNF-receptor superfamily agonists as molecular adjuvants for cancer vaccines
Source:Current Opinion in Immunology, Volume 47
Author(s): Timothy NJ Bullock
Cancer vaccines have offered unrequited hope as a mechanism for rapidly and potently eliciting a patient's immune system to counter tumors. Initial results from preclinical mouse models have not translated to substantial benefit to patients, suggesting that either the targets or the vaccination approach were inadequate. Recent innovations in antigen identification have spiked renewed interest vaccination technologies. This has coincided with a detailed molecular understanding of the coordinated steps in postactivation support of T cell proliferation, differentiation and survival, leading to the development of novel targets and combinations that are substantially more effective than first and second generation cancer vaccines in preclinical models. Within this cluster of developments, the TNF-receptor superfamily members have emerged as attractive candidates for clinical implementation. Here we review recent developments in the mechanisms of action of TNFRSF agonists, and how their activity is potentiated by integration co-targeting pattern recognition receptors.
http://ift.tt/2gYqT99
Tuberculosis vaccines — perspectives from the NIH/NIAID Mycobacteria vaccine testing program
Source:Current Opinion in Immunology, Volume 47
Author(s): Angelo A Izzo
The development of novel vaccine candidates against infections with Mycobacterium tuberculosis has highlighted our limited understanding of immune mechanisms required to kill M. tuberculosis. The induction of a Th1 immunity is vital, but new studies are required to identify other mechanisms that may be necessary. Novel vaccines formulations that invoke effector cells such as innate lymphoid cells may provide an environment that promote effector mechanisms including T cell and B cell mediated immunity. Identifying pathways associated with killing this highly successful infectious agent has become critical to achieving the goal of reducing the global tuberculosis burden.
http://ift.tt/2eJ7etr
Long non-coding RNAs in thyroid cancer: Biological functions and clinical significance
Source:Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
Author(s): Fang Sui, Meiju Ji, Peng Hou
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignant tumor with rapidly increasing incidence in recent decades. Although the majority of thyroid cancers are relatively indolent, some cases still have a risk of developing into more aggressive and lethal forms of thyroid cancers. Similar to other malignancies, thyroid tumorigenesis is a multistep process involving the accumulation of a large number of genetic and epigenetic alterations. Thus, determination of the mechanisms of tumorigenesis is an urgent need for thyroid cancer treatment. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently been demonstrated to participate in cancer progression. However, their role and molecular mechanism in thyroid cancer remain largely unclear. In this review, we focus on the dysregulation of lncRNAs in thyroid cancer, summarize the latest findings regarding the functions and mechanism of lncRNAs in thyroid cancer, and discuss their potential clinical significance in diagnosis and prognosis of thyroid cancer.
http://ift.tt/2uxZ2jA
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Publication date: September 2017 Source: Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Volume 110 Author(s): Lucía Fernández-del-Río, Anish Nag, Elen...
