The influence of implantoplasty on the diameter, chemical surface composition, and biocompatibility of titanium implants

Abstract

Objectives

The objective of the study was to assess the influence of implantoplasty (IP) on the diameter, chemical surface composition, and biocompatibility of titanium implants in vitro.

Material and methods

Twenty soft tissue-level (TL; machined transmucosal—M and rough endosseous part—SLA) and 20 bone-level (BL; SLA) implants were allocated to IP covering 3 or 6 mm of the structured surface (SLA) area. The samples were subjected to diameter, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and cell viability (ginigval fibroblasts, 6 days) assessments.

Results

Median diameter reductions varied between 0.1 (TL 3 mm) and 0.2 mm (TL 6 mm). EDX analysis revealed that IP and M surfaces were characterized by a comparable quantity (Wt%) of elements C, O, Na, Cl, K, and Si, but a significantly different quantity of elements Ti and Al. When compared to SLA surfaces, significant differences were noted for elements C, O, Na, Ti, and Al. At BL implants, the extension of IP (i.e., 3 to 6 mm) was associated with a significant increase in cell viability.

Conclusions

IP applied to SLA implants was associated with (i) a minimal diameter reduction, (ii) an undisturbed cell viability, and (iii) a chemical elemental composition comparable to M surfaces.

Clinical relevance

This specific IP procedure appears to be suitable for the management of exposed SLA implant surfaces.

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