Trends in the levels of urine and serum creatinine: data from NHANES 2001–2014

Abstract

Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to study trends for urine and serum creatinine over 2001–2014 for those aged ≥20 years. In the absence of chronic kidney disease, levels of urine creatinine decreased for the total population, for those aged 20–29, 50–59, and ≥70 years, for males, and for Mexican Americans and other race/ethnicities. Levels of serum cotinine also exhibited a decreasing trend over 2001–2014 for the total population, for those aged 20–29 and 40–49 years, for females, and for non-Hispanic whites and Mexican Americans. In general, levels of serum creatinine and urine creatinine were positively correlated for chronic kidney disease stages 1–3 and negatively correlated for chronic kidney disease stages 4 and 5.

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