CycD/Cdk4 and Discontinuities in Dpp Signaling Activate TORC1 in the Drosophila Wing Disc

Publication date: 21 August 2017
Source:Developmental Cell, Volume 42, Issue 4
Author(s): Jesús Romero-Pozuelo, Constantinos Demetriades, Phillip Schroeder, Aurelio A. Teleman
The molecular mechanisms regulating animal tissue size during development are unclear. This question has been extensively studied in the Drosophila wing disc. Although cell growth is regulated by the kinase TORC1, no readout exists to visualize TORC1 activity in situ in Drosophila. Both the cell cycle and the morphogen Dpp are linked to tissue growth, but whether they regulate TORC1 activity is not known. We develop here an anti-phospho-dRpS6 antibody that detects TORC1 activity in situ. We find, unexpectedly, that TORC1 activity in the wing disc is patchy. This is caused by elevated TORC1 activity at the cell cycle G1/S transition due to CycD/Cdk4 phosphorylating TSC1/2. We find that TORC1 is also activated independently of CycD/Cdk4 when cells with different levels of Dpp signaling or Brinker protein are juxtaposed. We thereby characterize the spatial distribution of TORC1 activity in a developing organ.

Teaser

Contrary to expectation, TORC1 activity is neither uniform nor graded within a developing tissue. Romero-Pozuelo et al. find that TORC1 activity is patchy, peaking in cells at the G1/S transition due to CycD/Cdk4 activity. Discontinuities in Dpp signaling also activate TORC1 locally and non-autonomously in a Cdk4-independent manner.


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