Chidamide, a histone deacetylase inhibitor-based anticancer drug, effectively reactivates latent HIV-1 provirus

Publication date: Available online 8 November 2017
Source:Microbes and Infection
Author(s): Wenqian Yang, Zhiwu Sun, Chen Hua, Qian Wang, Wei Xu, Qiwen Deng, Yanbin Pan, Lu Lu, Shibo Jiang
Although combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is highly effective in suppressing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication, it fails to eradicate the virus from HIV-1-infected individuals because HIV-1 integrates into the resting CD4⁺ T cells, establishing latently infected reservoirs. Histone deacetylation is a key element in regulating HIV-1 latent infection. Chidamide, a new anticancer drug, is a novel type of selective histone deacetylase inhibitor. Here we showed that chidamide effectively reactivated HIV-1 latent provirus in different latently infected cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Chidamide had relatively low cytotoxicity to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and other latent cell lines. We have demonstrated that chidamide reactivates HIV-1 latent provirus through the NF-κB signaling pathway. The replication of the newly reactivated HIV-1 could then be effectively inhibited by the anti-HIV drugs Zidovudine, Nevirapine, and Indinavir. Therefore, chidamide might be used in combination with cART for functional HIV-1 cure.



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