Source:Clinical Neurophysiology, Volume 129, Issue 5
Author(s): Ying-Zu Huang
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a technique to stimulate the nervous system non-invasively through the intact scalp and skin. The TMS machine delivers a short pulse of electric current into a TMS coil to generate a quick changing magnetic field surrounding the coil as an example of Ampere's law. TMS stimulates the neuronal circuits with the eddy current induced by the changing magnetic field, not the magnetic field its self, based on Faraday's law. To generate enough power for stimulating human's brain, a TMS machine is generally built to generate a current of around 8000 A for a 2.5–4 Tesla output, although it may vary between machine types and manufacturers. TMS is capable of stimulating human's cortex to induce recordable responses, e.g. motor evoked potentials (MEPs). However, how TMS actives the circuits and what TMS stimulates is in fact more complicated than most people think. The current knowledge of what TMS stimulates is mainly learned from the stimulation over the motor cortex generating MEPs. In this session, the mechanism of TMS will be explained, the effects of TMS over the motor cortex will be introduced and the underlying mechanisms of how TMS induces such responses and effects will be discussed.
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