Physical, chemical, and biological properties of white MTA with additions of AlF 3

Abstract

Objectives

Addition of aluminum fluoride (AlF₃) to MTA was tested to inhibit dental discoloration.

Materials and methods

MTA Angelus with 0, 5, 15, and 45% AlF₃ were tested. The set cements were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Radiopacity and setting time were analyzed according to ANSI/ADA 57 and ASTM C266-08. Volume change was evaluated using volumetric micro-CT analysis. The pH and calcium ion release were assessed after 3 and 24 h and 28 days. Dental discoloration in contact with the cements was assessed after 24 h and 28 and 90 days of contact with bovine and human dentine. Tissue reaction to subcutaneous implantation in rats was examined after 30 and 60 days.

Results

AlF₃ altered the microstructure of MTA. The addition of 5% AlF₃ did not significantly alter the radiopacity, setting time, and volume change (p > 0.05). pH and calcium ion release significantly increased with addition of AlF₃ (p > 0.05). All the tested proportions of AlF₃ prevented the dental darkening verified for MTA Angelus in bovine and human teeth. AlF₃ did not interfere in inflammatory response of MTA in all periods of analysis; otherwise, lower amounts showed less intense inflammatory infiltrate.

Clinical relevance

AlF₃ prevents destabilization of bismuth oxide and consequent tooth darkening, frequently verified in clinical practice when using white MTA.

Conclusions

The use of 5% of AlF₃ in combination to MTA resulted in a cement that did not result in dental discoloration and did not affect significantly physical, chemical, and biological properties.

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