Updated review of genetic reticulate pigmentary disorders

Abstract

Reticulate pigmentary disorders are a group of disorders characterized by hyperpigmented and/or hypopigmented macules with varying sizes and amounts of pigment. Some of the disorders are heritable, such as Dowling-Degos disease, dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria, dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria and reticulate acropigmentation of Kitamura. Although, each condition possesses unique phenotypic characteristics and the prognosis for each is somewhat different, these disorders are highly overlapped and difficult to differentiate in the clinical setting. This updated review provides a clinical and molecular delineation of these genetic reticulate pigmentary disorders and aims to establish a concise diagnostic strategy to allow clinical dermatologists to make an accurate diagnosis, as well as provide useful information for clinical and genetic counselling.

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