Neuroprotective properties of anthocyanidin glycosides against H2O2-induced glial cell death are modulated by their different stability and antioxidant activity in vitro

Publication date: October 2017
Source:Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Volume 94
Author(s): Gedas Ereminas, Daiva Majiene, Kastytis Sidlauskas, Valdas Jakstas, Liudas Ivanauskas, Gintautas Vaitiekaitis, Julius Liobikas
The neuroprotective effect of several anthocyanins in combination with their stability and antioxidant/pro-oxidant activity has been investigated against H2O2–induced oxidative stress in C6 glial cells. First it was found that delphinidin (Dp) 3-O-glucoside and 3-O-rutinoside were degraded within an hour, and at the same time stimulated the production of H2O2 in the micromolar concentration range. The stability of peonidin, pelargonidin (Pg), malvidin (Mv) and cyanidin (Cy) 3-O-glucosides and Cy 3-O-rutinoside was significantly higher than that of Dp 3-O-glycosides, with Pg3G showing the highest percent recovery over time. Based on these findings and chemical difference (according to the set of functional groups on the B-ring) of tested anthocyanins Cy3G, Mv3G and Pg3G were selected as candidates for the protection of glial cells against H2O2-induced oxidative stress. It was revealed that Cy3G (5–20μM) and Mv3G (10–20μM) but not Pg3G protected glial cells against H2O2–induced necrotic cell death. Moreover, these anthocyanins sustained the glutathione antioxidant defence system. Finally, to the extent of our knowledge we were the first to demonstrate the protective effect of Cy3G on the resting mitochondrial respiration rate in H2O2-affected glial cells. The results suggest that Cy3G, as the most prominent antioxidant among tested anthocyanins, could be a potential adjuvant for the prevention or reduction of necrotic glial cell death during the oxidative stress conditions met in neurodegenerative diseases. However, further elucidation of other possible mechanisms for anthocyanins to protect the nervous system is encouraged.



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