Concurrent paclitaxel, capecitabine, mitomycin C and pelvic radiation therapy for patients with squamous cell anal carcinoma

Abstract

Purpose

The goals of this study were to assess safety and efficacy of triplet chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with paclitaxel for squamous cell anal carcinoma (SCAC).

Methods

Patients with stage I–IIIB SCAC were enrolled and received 52–58 Gy intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) (with dose based on the T stage) in consecutive daily 1.8–2.2 Gy fractions. The concurrent chemotherapy consisted of paclitaxel 45 mg/m² days 3, 10, 17, 24, 31, capecitabine 625 mg/m² bid on treatment days and mitomycin C 10 g/m² on day 1. Primary endpoints were complete clinical response at 26 weeks and protocol compliance; secondary endpoints included toxicity, overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS).

Results

Thirty-eight patients were enrolled. The percentage of patients with stage I, II, IIIA, and IIIB disease were 1 (2.6%), 5 (13.2%), 15 (39.5%), and 17 (44.7%), respectively. 32 patients (84.2%) completed CRT without significant alterations. Grade 3–4 toxicity occurred in 23 (60.5%) patients. 33 (86.8%) patients had complete clinical response at 26 weeks. Median follow-up was 25.6 months. Seven (18.4%) patients experienced disease progression: four patients had residual tumor after CRT, 2 patients developed distant metastases and 1 patient developed a local recurrence 12 months after CRT. Two-year OS was 93.6%, 2-year PFS was 83.9%.

Conclusions

Investigated treatment scheme is feasible despite high toxicity profile, and may be beneficial for patients with advanced SCAC. Further research is warranted.

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