Effect of distal venous drainage on the survival of four-territory flaps with no pedicle vein: results from a rat model

Venous super-drainage can improve flap survival not only because it prevents congestion, but also because it affects the dominant circulation in multi-territory thin skin flaps. We aimed to evaluate the survival of various flap areas and detect vascular changes in artery-based, four-territory skin flaps after different distal venous drainage procedures.

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