Metabolic Effects of Dietary Nitrate in Health and Disease

Publication date: 3 July 2018
Source:Cell Metabolism, Volume 28, Issue 1
Author(s): Jon O. Lundberg, Mattias Carlström, Eddie Weitzberg
Nitric oxide (NO), generated from L-arginine and oxygen by NO synthases, is a pleiotropic signaling molecule involved in cardiovascular and metabolic regulation. More recently, an alternative pathway for the formation of this free radical has been explored. The inorganic anions nitrate (NO3⁻) and nitrite (NO2⁻), originating from dietary and endogenous sources, generate NO bioactivity in a process involving seemingly symbiotic oral bacteria and host enzymes in blood and tissues. The described cardio-metabolic effects of dietary nitrate from experimental and clinical studies include lowering of blood pressure, improved endothelial function, increased exercise performance, and reversal of metabolic syndrome, as well as antidiabetic effects. The mechanisms underlying the salutary metabolic effects of nitrate are being revealed and include interaction with mitochondrial respiration, activation of key metabolic regulatory pathways, and reduction of oxidative stress. Here we review the recent advances in the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway, focusing on metabolic effects in health and disease.

Teaser

Lundberg et al. discuss recent advances in research around the nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway, in which nitrate from dietary sources is metabolized in vivo to bioactive nitrogen oxides that affect cardio-metabolic function.


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