Arm-cranking Exercise Training Reduces Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 in People with Spinal Cord Injury

Publication date: Available online 10 March 2017
Source:Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Author(s): Masahiro Horiuchi, Koichi Okita
ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of arm-cranking exercise training on plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) as a risk factor of deep vein thrombosis, along with general physical parameters such as, muscle strength, aerobic capacity, and hemodynamics, in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) and control.DesignLongitudinal study.InterventionCommunity-based supervised intervention.ParticipantsNine individuals with SCI volunteered for this study. Eight able-bodied participants matched for age, height, and body mass index were assessed at baseline only.InterventionThe arm-cranking exercise program was performed for 10 weeks with 4 sessions per week. Sessions consisted of two sets of warm-up (5 min) and arm crank exercises (25 min) with a 10 min recovery at an intensity of 50–70% of heart rate reserve.Main Outcome MeasuresBody mass (BM), waist circumference (WC), aerobic capacity (peak VO2), PAI-1, blood pressure, glucose metabolism, and lipids.ResultsPAI-1, BM, WC, systolic blood pressure, and triglycerides (TG) decreased, and peak VO2 increased after training (P < 0.05, respectively). Spearman rank order analysis revealed that changes in PAI-1 were related to changes in peak VO2, BM, WC, TG, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that WC was the most sensitive factor for predicting changes in PAI-1 (P = 0.038).ConclusionsThese results suggest that 10 weeks of arm-cranking exercise training for people with SCI may help to reduce the risk factors of cardiovascular disease. In addition, changes in abdominal fat may be related to changes in the PAI-1 in the SCI population.



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